US1970136A - Protection of molten baths - Google Patents

Protection of molten baths Download PDF

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Publication number
US1970136A
US1970136A US596148A US59614832A US1970136A US 1970136 A US1970136 A US 1970136A US 596148 A US596148 A US 596148A US 59614832 A US59614832 A US 59614832A US 1970136 A US1970136 A US 1970136A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bath
aluminum
baths
molten
oxidation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US596148A
Inventor
James S Gummert
John E Hutchinson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co filed Critical Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co
Priority to US596148A priority Critical patent/US1970136A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1970136A publication Critical patent/US1970136A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/30—Fluxes or coverings on molten baths

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a method of protecting molten baths from oxidation and also conserving the heat of the bath by covering the surface of the bath with a material con- 5 taining aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
  • the invention is useful in protecting metal baths in general, whether the baths are used as galvanizing baths, baths for tempering or heat treatment of articles in general, or for other purposes, it is particularly useful in protecting a spelter bath used in galvanizing from oxidation and also conserving the heat of the oath.
  • Galvanizing baths of spelter are now either left entirely unprotected or in some cases are covered with a material which provides insufficient protection from oxidation and also allows the loss of a large proportion of heat which may be and it also acts as a heat conserving cover,
  • the aluminum oxide is preferably added to the bathv in granular or powdered form, the amount being dependent upon the surface area of the bath and the temperature of the bath.
  • the oxide of aluminum is substantially iniusible at the temperature of the galvanizing. bath and, therefore, acts as a better heat insulation than is the case where more easily fusible materials are used.
  • the invention contemplates not only adding oxide of aluminum to the bath, but extends to the use of materials which will be converted at the temperature of the bath into oxide of aluminum.
  • hydrate of alumina or other suitable material may be employed.
  • the hydrate of alumina is converted by contact with the molten-metal either partially or wholly intooxide of aluminum which has high heat insulating and oxidation resisting properties.
  • the skimming which is ordinarily sion of the hydrate of alumina into the om'de of (C1. it-76.2)
  • the covering may be put on the top of molten metal in an ingot mold for the purpose of keeping the top hot until the rest of the ingot has solidified.
  • the protective covering containing aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent may be used for protecting other metallic baths, and the invention may be otherwise embodied or practiced within the scope of the :iol-x lowing claims.
  • the method of insulating and protecting 105 molten metallic baths from oxidation which comprises adding to the bath a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
  • the method of insulating and protecting molten metallic baths from oxidation which comprises adding to the bath a covering of material containing free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent and which is substantially infusible at the temperature of the bath.
  • the step comprising adding to the bath a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
  • the step comprising adding to the bath a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent, and which is substantially iniusible at the temperature of the bath.
  • the step comprising covering the surface of the bath with a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
  • the step comprising covering the surface of the bath with a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent and which is substantially infusible at the galvanizing temperature of the bath.
  • the method of insulating and protecting molten baths oi. metal from oxidation which comprises adding to the bath a material which contains hydrate of alumina, and converting the hydrate of alumina into oxide of aluminum, the material added to'the bath containing hydrate of alumina in such amount that the oxide of aluminum formed therefrom constitutes the predominant constituent.
  • the method of insulating and protecting molten baths of metal from oxidation which comprises adding to the bath a material containing hydrate of alumina as its predominant constituent, and converting the hydrate of alumina into the monohydrate of alumina.
  • the method of insulating and protecting molten baths from oxidation which comprises adding to the bath a material consisting substantially entirely of aluminum oxide.
  • the step comprising covering the molten bath with a material consisting substantially entirely of aluminum oxide.
  • the method of insulating and decreasing oxidation of baths which are free from substantial amounts of aluminum which comprises covering the bath with a material which contains free aluminum oxide at its predominant constituent.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Description

Fatented Aug. 14, 1934 warren stares PATENT orrica Hutchinson,
Pittsburgh, Pa.,
assignors to Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh, Pa", a corporation oi Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application March l, 1932,
Serial No. 596,148
13 Claims.
This invention relates generally to a method of protecting molten baths from oxidation and also conserving the heat of the bath by covering the surface of the bath with a material con- 5 taining aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
Although the invention is useful in protecting metal baths in general, whether the baths are used as galvanizing baths, baths for tempering or heat treatment of articles in general, or for other purposes, it is particularly useful in protecting a spelter bath used in galvanizing from oxidation and also conserving the heat of the oath.
Galvanizing baths of spelter are now either left entirely unprotected or in some cases are covered with a material which provides insufficient protection from oxidation and also allows the loss of a large proportion of heat which may be and it also acts as a heat conserving cover,
thereby reducing the fuel cost. The decreased oxidation of a bath protected by such a covernecessary to remove the oxides formed. The aluminum oxide is preferably added to the bathv in granular or powdered form, the amount being dependent upon the surface area of the bath and the temperature of the bath. The oxide of aluminum is substantially iniusible at the temperature of the galvanizing. bath and, therefore, acts as a better heat insulation than is the case where more easily fusible materials are used.
The invention contemplates not only adding oxide of aluminum to the bath, but extends to the use of materials which will be converted at the temperature of the bath into oxide of aluminum. Thus, hydrate of alumina or other suitable material may be employed. The hydrate of alumina is converted by contact with the molten-metal either partially or wholly intooxide of aluminum which has high heat insulating and oxidation resisting properties. In the converconserved by providing a cover of material in acing reduces the skimming which is ordinarily sion of the hydrate of alumina into the om'de of (C1. it-76.2)
aluminum, it passes through the stage of monohydrate of alumina which has very high heat insulating propertiesf The extent of the conversion will depend upon the particular temperature used, in some cases the conversion be- 69 ing complete while in others the covering layer If a material is used which contains aluminum not in the form of oxide of aluminum, but which is converted after addition to the bath into oxide of aluminum, tlieadded material should contain 75 -a sumcient amount of aluminum so that after it is converted into oxide of aluminum, the oxide of aluminum will constitute the predominant constituent of the covering layer.
We have found from experiments that when a galvanizing bath is protected by a covering of aluminum oxide, a saving of 58% of the fuel may be effected. The saving in fuel is an additional advantage over the saving in 'spelter because of the reduced oxidation of the bath due to the covering layer.
The covering may be put on the top of molten metal in an ingot mold for the purpose of keeping the top hot until the rest of the ingot has solidified.
Although the invention has been describedparticularly in connection with a spelter bath. used for galvanizing, the protective covering containing aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent may be used for protecting other metallic baths, and the invention may be otherwise embodied or practiced within the scope of the :iol-x lowing claims.
We claim:
1. The method of insulating and protecting molten baths from oxidation, which comprises adding to the bath a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent. z
2. The method of insulating and protecting 105 molten metallic baths from oxidation, which comprises adding to the bath a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
3. The method of insulatingand protecting 110 molten baths from oxidation, which comprises adding aluminum oxide to the bath.
4. The method of insulating and protecting molten metallic baths from oxidation, which comprises adding to the bath a covering of material containing free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent and which is substantially infusible at the temperature of the bath.
5. In the method of coating articles by dipping them in a molten bath, the step comprising adding to the bath a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
6. In the method of coating articles by dipping them in a molten bath, the step comprising adding to the bath a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent, and which is substantially iniusible at the temperature of the bath.
7. In the method of galvanizing wherein a molten bath of spelter is used, the step comprising covering the surface of the bath with a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent.
8. In the method of galvanizing wherein a molten bath of spelter is used, the step comprising covering the surface of the bath with a material which contains free aluminum oxide as its predominant constituent and which is substantially infusible at the galvanizing temperature of the bath.
9. The method of insulating and protecting molten baths oi. metal from oxidation, which comprises adding to the bath a material which contains hydrate of alumina, and converting the hydrate of alumina into oxide of aluminum, the material added to'the bath containing hydrate of alumina in such amount that the oxide of aluminum formed therefrom constitutes the predominant constituent.
10. The method of insulating and protecting molten baths of metal from oxidation which comprises adding to the bath a material containing hydrate of alumina as its predominant constituent, and converting the hydrate of alumina into the monohydrate of alumina.
11. The method of insulating and protecting molten baths from oxidation, which comprises adding to the bath a material consisting substantially entirely of aluminum oxide.
12. In the method of galvanizing wherein a molten bath. of spelter is used, the step comprising covering the molten bath with a material consisting substantially entirely of aluminum oxide.
13,. The method of insulating and decreasing oxidation of baths which are free from substantial amounts of aluminum, which comprises covering the bath with a material which contains free aluminum oxide at its predominant constituent.
JAR ES S. GUMMERT. JOHN E. HUTCHINSON.
US596148A 1932-03-01 1932-03-01 Protection of molten baths Expired - Lifetime US1970136A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2578977A (en) * 1950-03-10 1951-12-18 Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro Method and composition for reducing the amount of dross floating on spelter bath
US4033762A (en) * 1976-06-03 1977-07-05 Kozo Sato Method for preventing oxidation of melted metal
FR2510075A1 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-01-28 Billat Robert Redn. of heat losses from molten baths at high temp. - esp. salt baths for heat treating metals, using floating cover of lightweight corundum beads obtd. large savings in heating energy

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2578977A (en) * 1950-03-10 1951-12-18 Tennessee Coal Iron And Railro Method and composition for reducing the amount of dross floating on spelter bath
US4033762A (en) * 1976-06-03 1977-07-05 Kozo Sato Method for preventing oxidation of melted metal
FR2510075A1 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-01-28 Billat Robert Redn. of heat losses from molten baths at high temp. - esp. salt baths for heat treating metals, using floating cover of lightweight corundum beads obtd. large savings in heating energy

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