US1967996A

US1967996A - Electric circuit breaker

Info

Publication number: US1967996A
Application number: US707946A
Authority: US
Inventors: Bresson Charles
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Delle SA
Priority date: 1933-01-31
Filing date: 1934-01-23
Publication date: 1934-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 1951-07-24
Also published as: FR768691A

Description

Patented July 24, y1934 UNITED STATES ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER Charles Bresson, Villeurbanne, France, assgnor to Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de- Delle, Paris, France Application January 23, 1934, Serial No. 707,946 In Germany January 31, 1933 6 Claims. (Cl 20o- 150) l An electric circuit-breaker is known in which an arc extinguishing chamber is entirely or partially iilled with an insulating or conducting liquid, the arc being extinguished in said chamber by the gases or vapors produced by the arc itself. The infiuenceof such an extinguishing chamber is particularly effective with high intensity currents, for in this case the energy dissipated by the arc for its own extinction is 10 very great. 0n the contrary, with low intensity I currents the energy dissipated by the arc is often insumcient and the extinction of the arc uncertain, and this particularly so when the power factor is very low. 'I'he present invention rem- Vedies this disadvantage by injecting a jet of liquid into the extinguishing chamber during the separation of the contacts.

In accordance with the present invention said jet of liquid is directed towards the fixed contact situated outside said chamber. g

In a circuit-breaker of this type, and in view of obtaining a constant duration of arc extinction independently of the intensity of the current, the energy needed for the extinction of the arc is drawn from the arc itself when the cur- 'rent is of high intensity and from an external source for low intensity currents. 'I'he injection of liquid may take place from the very start of the contact opening operation or may only take 3o place during the latter part of said operation.

'Ihe liquid is preferably injected in an inverse direction to the displacement of the movable contact.

The invention and its aims and objects will be readily understood from the following descripltion, taken in connection with the accompanying diagrammatic drawing of one illustrative embodiment of the invention.

In the drawing, the extinguishing chamber i o is enclosed in vessel 2 lled with oil to level 3.

Said chamber is provided with two openings 4` and 4' constituting nozzles. The lateral walls of said chamber are prolonged downwards beyond nozzle 4'. The prolonged portion of said walls 5 situated below nozzle 4' is provided with a plurality of apertures 11 of comparatively large area. In certain embodiments, several superposed stages of apertures 11 may be used. Below cylindrical chamber land in the axis of same is disposed xed contact' constituted by a tube mounted on a spring. The movable contact is also constituted by a tube 6 capable of being displaced along the axis of chamber 1 and capable of traversing nozzles 4 of said chamber. In the upper part of said tube 6 holes 12 are provided,

said holes enabling said tube 6 to communicate with the liquid contained in vessel 2. In the interior of tube 6 is disposed a piston 7 connected to the fixed portion of the apparatus through rod 8. The combination of these members constituting the movable contact take the form of a cylinder 9 filled with the liquid contained in vessel 2. The extremity of said cylinder is terminated by the lower orifice of tube 6 which at this point is narrowed down to constitute the nozzle 10.

On opening the circuit-breaker and from the instant when tube 6 is sufficiently raisedto locate said holes 12 above piston 7, the oil contained in cylinder 9 is injected into chamber 1 approximately along the axis of the arc which is drawn out in said chamber approximately in a straight -line between contacts 5 and 6. By suppressing said holes 12 the injection will take place from itzhevery beginning of the separation of the conac s.

The shape and diameter of nozzle 10 are so chosen that the velocity of injection and the quantity of oil injected will ensure the extinction of arcs of low intensity which would not otherwise be extinguished with suiiicient rapidity by the sole energy liberated by the arc in the interior of said chamber.

Injection of liquid always takes place whatever the intensity of the current to be interrupted. It should .however be noted that with high intensity currents the pressure exerted by the arc itself within the mass of oil enclosed in chamber 1 is suflicient in itself for the extinction of the arc and that the injection of liquid has but little inuence toward said extinction. lThis injection only becomes effective when, by reason of the low intensity of the current to be interrupted, the energy liberated by the arc is small.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. In an electric circuitbreaker, a vessel containing a liquid, a fixed contact in said liquid, a stationary extinguishing chamber filled 4with liquid disposed above said contact, said extinguishing chamber provided with two nozzles, a movable contact disposed so as to be capable of displacement within said extinguishing chamber by passing through said two nozzles, and meansfor injecting a liquid in said extinguishing chamber, in a direction directed towards said fixed contact.-

2. In an electric circuit-breaker, a vessel containing a liquid, a iixed contact'in said liquid, a stationary extinguishing chamber lled with liquid disposed above said contact, said extinguishing chamber provided with an upper nozzle and a lower nozzle, the axes of said nozzles coinciding with the axis of said fixed contact, a movable contact disposed so as to be capable of displacement in the axis of said extinguishing chamber by passing through said two nozzles, and

`means for injecting a liquid in said extinguishing chamber in a direction directed towards said xed contact, the axis of the jet of injected liquid being disposed in the axis of said extinguishing chamber.

3. In an electric circuit-breaker, a vessel containing a liquid,`a. fixed contact in said liquid, above said contact a stationary extinguishing chamber filled with liquid, said extinguishing chamber provided with two nozzles, a movable contact traversing said extinguishing chamber through said two nozzles and disposed so as to be capable of being entirely withdrawn from said extinguishing chamber by passing through said nozzles, and means for injecting a liquid in said extinguishing chamber in a direction directed towards said iixed contact.

4. In an electric circuit-breaker, a vessel containing a liquid, a xed contact in said liquid, above said contact a stationary extinguishing chamberr filled with liquid, said extinguishing chamber provided with two nozzles, a movable contact disposed so as tobe capable of displacement in said extinguishing chamber by passing through said two nozzles, said movable contact filled with liquid. disposed above said contact, said extinguishing chamber provided with two nozzles, a movable contact disposed so as to be capable of displacement within said extinguishing chamber by passing through said two nozzles, and means for injecting a liquid in said extinguishing chamber in a direction directed towards said fixed contact.

, 6. In an electric circuit-breaker, a vessel containing a liquid, a iixed contact in said liquid, a stationary extinguishing chamber filled with liquid disposed above said contact, said extinguishing chamber provided with two nozzles, a movable contact disposed so as to be capable of -displacement within said extinguishing chamber by passing through said two nozzles, and means for injecting a liquid in said extinguishing chamber during the latter part of the contact opening operation in a direction directed towards said fixed contact. i

- CHARLES BRESSON.'

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