US1966598A - Process of making fuel briquettes - Google Patents

Description

fiat ented July. 17, 1934 I r ocns'sl'or from; smmms Olga'von ltolin, I

No Drawing SerialNo. $11,279v

My invention relatesparticularly' to an provedfuel and the process of making thesarne and refers more particularly to acomposition of matter or combination of materials so ro- 5. cessecl as to make the same readily combustible.

More particularly it relates to the productiorifof a fuel composition derived from waste and more or less worthless material, which may be max pensivelyand easily made up either in immense .33 quantities, batches or limited quantities.

The invention has among its objects the-pro duetion of a fuel ofthe kind described that is efficient, of high caloric whim-easily ignited,- read-f ilycombustible, that is slow burning,- that will burn leaving a minimum of ash, that is tially odorless and smokeless, that is not ineonvene ient to handle and is-substantially clean during handlingwhich may be most economically without requiring expensive and complicated ap- 2' paratuaand which maybe used wherever found applicable;

Mariy other' objects and'advantages of thein ventiorrwill' appear to those skilled in the-art; from the disclosures herein given;- 25 As is well known, large quantities of vegetable and animal refuse, fibrous material, generally termed garbage, is constantly available as a waste product from hotels, restaurants, homes, canneries, and various manufacturing establishments, which possess considerable fuel or B. t. n. values, which products have not heretofore been used to any considerable extent as a fuel, because either of the rapidity with which they burn or in other cases, due to the difficulty in igniting the 35 same and difiiculty to maintain the burning of the same, as well as the difficulty in handling. In many instances these waste products represent a loss which are hauled off to dumps for filling purposes or are burned in incinerators at a great i expense, to get rid of the same, and in most cases when disposed of create unpleasant odors, generate dangerous, unpleasant and unhealthful gases or vapors, and if burned create much odor and smoke and often leave much ash. I have found that by taking these waste prod-v ucts, generally termed as garbage, and which may include various fibrous materials and waste products of all kinds, and thoroughly grinding or macerating the same, so that it is in comminuted form, the same may be easily and readily handled and forms a most satisfactory body or base 'for the fuel. In order to sweeten the same to prevent fermentation and the usual decomposition, rotting or spoiling, I treat the same with a suitable 5'5 deodorizer and sweetener, generally chloride of I" e, 'it' being-nnderst mating-equine!!! will serve the purpose may be employed. is'niixed'withth'e garbage the mgprocess} 'I'alsota'kd-what I'may term, a near, 1 i which mayeonsist of viood'saw dust-"in grammar Q form, or simiifar material, as for exam le, peat or the like' whieh is thoroughly eormnimit'ed or macerated;' arid a'dd to thewaste In the case of pr'fei to moisten the fi' tosgmextem, wen m w natedorwet: g I v I employ biriderof bitmnnieus material such asoal tar; asphalt or In making entire-product, I first take an amount ofi garba'ge or waste pm ct andtnor grind it or macerate the same having added the ofllime or memes-m, will tend toprevent decomposition, f ermentatidrl', etc; I also takewetu'ie' some down," wed saw dust z reremo, as me 'otlier minl 1i maybeumd-a's' wmler and: men m mmy combustible? garbage or waste materialie in awnmrortmrtogether with we saw:dnst,andxto'thisnfim;ladd the MWS'Jbindec'wtncmasTbeiam no T 00515 asphalt- The mmrt 15 heated to a temperature of substantially 200 Fahrenheit, and maintained at that temperature for a period of time, generally five or six minutes is sufiicient for'the purpose. Atthis same time, I thoroughly agitate or stir the mixture so that the materials are thoroughly and completely intermixed, and all the particles of the body or waste and the filler are thoroughly coated with the bituminous product, sealing the same. The refuse products are sealed against oxidation by contact with the air, and the particles of the filler are sealed so that the moisture is to a large extent sealed in. The batch or intimate mixture is then drawn off or removed from the container and placed in molds in any suitable manner, or extruded in the form of a ribbon which is out before the ribbon or bar solidifies, so that the material is in the form of briquettes or blocks of the desired size and shape.

While the proportions of the materials may vary, generally speaking, the mixture contains substantially between 80 and 85 percent of garbage or waste material, substantially 10 to 15 percent of filling material or the saw dust and approximately 5 to 10 per cent of the bituminous binder, it being understood of course, that the relative portions may vary. The amount of chloride of lime used is substantially 2 to 5 percent of the body.

These bricks or briquettes may be handled readily and ignited and burned in any convenient manner similar to coal or like products. The material ignites much quicker than coal, or even wood, and while it burns readily, does notburn with undue rapidity. The fire may be quenched with water and again be readily relighted. Owing to the fact-that it is composed almost wholly of a waste-product, it is very inexpensive. On the whole, the product has been found to be superior to coal and very materially lower in cost.

Throughout the specification and claims, by fibrous material or garbage, I wish to include any and all oleaginous waste materials, and by the term filler or binder, I wish to beunderstood as including the materials hereinbefore mentioned. It is to be particularly notedthat all of the several component particles or materials are intimately mixed at a relatively high degree of temperature, substantially 200 Fahrenheit, and this is sufficienttomeasurably cook the same and produces results which are impossible to attain were they merely mixed cold or at a substantially lower temperature. This also enables me to use a heavier binder which does not have the same tendency to flow or loosen up in warmer weather or when the fuel is stored in a warm place. The briquettes soformed are not easily disintegrated in handling nor do they dust oif and become messy.

Having thusdescribed my invention, it is obvious that various immaterial modifications may be made in-the same without departing from the spirit 'of my invention; hence I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the exact combination of materials and method of making herein described or uses mentioned. What I claim as new and desire to secure by- LettersPatent is: 1

I- 1; Theprocess of making a fuel briquette, which consists ;in thoroughly grinding undried garbage and waste products of vegetableoranimal matter and treating the same with chloride of ,lime, thence mixing the-same with Wood saw dust which has been previously wetted down and a bituminous binder; the. entire mass being subjected while in a wet state'to a temperature of substantially 200 Fahrenheit for a limited time, the mixture being thoroughly agitated while cooking at said temperature, whereby the particles of the material are well distributed throughout the mass and coated with a binder, and thence forming the mixture into briquettes of the desired size and shape.

2.- In a process of making fuel briquettes comprising as aprincipal constituent garbage containing animal and vegetable matter, the steps consisting of grinding said garbage in undried condition, treating said garbage with chloride of lime to neutralize the same, adding to said treated garbage a ground fibrous previously moistened saw dust, then adding thereto a bituminous binder material and subjecting the resultant mass while wet to a temperature of substantially 200 Fahrenheit and agitating the same to mix said constituents thoroughly while cooking the garbage particles contained therein and to dissolve said bituminous binder material, and then forming from the resultant mixture said-fuel briquettes, said dissolved binder sealing said garbage particles against oxidation and sealing said fillerparticles and the moisture contained therein.

3. In a process of making fuel briquettes comprising as a principal constituent to garbage containing animal and vegetable matter, the steps consisting of grinding said garbage inundried condition, treating said garbage with chloride of lime to neutralize the same, adding to said treated garbage 10 to 15% of a ground fibrous previously moistened saw dust, then adding thereto 5 to 10% of a bituminous binder material and subjecting the resultant mass while wet to a tem perature of substantially 200 Fahrenheit and agitating the same to mix said constituents thoroughly while cooking the garbage particles contained therein and to dissolve said bituminous binder material, and then forming from the resultant mixture said fuel briquettes, said dissolved binder sealing said garbage particles against oxidation and sealing said filler particles and the moisture contained therein.

OLGA. VON TURK ROHN.