US1966458A - Method of saturating fibrous stock - Google Patents

Method of saturating fibrous stock Download PDF

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Publication number
US1966458A
US1966458A US648921A US64892132A US1966458A US 1966458 A US1966458 A US 1966458A US 648921 A US648921 A US 648921A US 64892132 A US64892132 A US 64892132A US 1966458 A US1966458 A US 1966458A
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Prior art keywords
web
saturant
fibers
paper
wet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US648921A
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English (en)
Inventor
Izador J Novak
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Raybestos Manhattan Inc
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Raybestos Manhattan Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Raybestos Manhattan Inc filed Critical Raybestos Manhattan Inc
Priority to US648921A priority Critical patent/US1966458A/en
Priority to GB12896/34A priority patent/GB442002A/en
Priority to FR772882D priority patent/FR772882A/fr
Priority to DER90536D priority patent/DE667054C/de
Priority to NL69400A priority patent/NL45200C/xx
Priority to US726683A priority patent/US2078272A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1966458A publication Critical patent/US1966458A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/42—Paper being at least partly surrounded by the material on both sides

Definitions

  • top sizing It is well known, however, and thoroughly appreciated by the paper industry, by the use of the term top sizing, that impregnation is quite imperfect in the use of many of these materials, especially those of a viscous or colloidal nature, and a thin layer near the surface is frequently the only portion of the thickness of the sheet af fected by the binder. In many cases, this is quite satisfactory and is desirable, but in others, where a thorough impregnation would produce a tougher or more flexible product, the limitations of this method are appreciated.
  • the usual term for the saturation of dry paper with a binder additional to the sizing contained in the dry paper is tub sizing. Many attempts have beenmade to overcome the limitation of incomplete saturation.
  • the fibers are felted in any desired conventional manner on the blanket or wire of the paper forming machine and removed entirely from said blanket or wire after first removing sufilcient water to insure that the newly formed wet web is self-sustaining at the time of removal.
  • the self-sustaining wet web is transferred to a carrier, on or by which it is supported during saturation.
  • the carrier preferably takes the form of an endless screen designed to permit sufilcient saturation and at the same time provide support for the wet web during saturation.
  • the wet web is made self-sustaining and the fiber formation is completed (and not destroyed by sub sequent saturation) before being separated from the blanket or wire of the paper machine. It is also to be noted that the wet web is removed entirely from the blanket or wire of the paper forming machine and transferred to an independent carrier, designed for saturation and not for paper forming. It is well known that a paper forming blanket or wire must have relatively thin pores to permit of escape of water while preventing escape of fibers; whereas the saturating screen utilized in the present invention is provided with relatively large pores, only small enough to preserve the fiber formation and at the same time large enough to offer no resistance to the passage of saturant into and out of the web without crushing or distortion of the web under pressure.
  • the wet web, supported by the screen, is saturated with an excess of the saturant under such conditions that its thickness is slightly increased, while at the same time the fiber formation is not loosened to an extent that the formation cannot be restored to the same relative condition it was in as it left the paper forming machine.
  • the saturated web is then condensed by pressure without crushing, and the condensed web is then subjected to drying.
  • the original fiber alignment formed on the paper forming machine is maintained and preserved during the saturating step.
  • the fibers are distributed and closely associated in a matrix of saturant and with the removal of water, the fibers are more closely associated and distributed in a matrix of binder and each fiber is surrounded by a film of binder.
  • the wet web may be carried between two synchronized, endless screen belts, saturant being sprayed or gently poured on the upper belt and passing through the upper belt to the web, while the bottom of the web is saturated by an overflowing reservoir of liquid saturant applied to the lower belt and passing upwardly through the latter to the underface of the web.
  • the web may be passed into contact with the surface of a wire screen roll rotating in a bath of saturant, saturant being gently sprayed on the top of the wet web from a nozzle or other discharge disposed immediately above the screen roll, excess saturant passing through the web and falling by gravity through the screen roll into a vat in which the screen roll rotates.
  • the web may be carried on the surface of an endless screen belt, saturant being applied to the upper surface of said web through a nozzle or other discharge disposed above and in the path of travel of the endless screen belt, excess saturant passing through the web and being removed by suction maintained on the under face of the endless screen belt.
  • the suction assists in drawing the saturant through the web.
  • the endless screen belt itself passes through a bath of saturant maintained in a vat whereby the under face of the wet web which contacts the upper face of the endless screen belt will have saturant applied thereto from the surface of the screen belt.
  • web I mean not only a single thin web which may be formed on a single cylinder mold of a wet machine or screen of a Fourdrinier machine, but also a greater thickness which may result from the plying of two or more wet webs, as in a multi-cylinder paper machine, or of a single thicker web which may be made by loading a Fourdrinier machine heavily.
  • this film may have a maximum thickness of .030" on a Fourdrinier, or .100" on a multi-cylinder machine. It is evident that a dense or heavy web will not saturate or distend as quickly as a thinner web, but this retardation is overcome by a longer period in the saturant. The same retardation is noted inthe case of dense webs comprising fine short fibers, as against loose webs comprising longer, coarser fibers.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevational view, partly in cross-section, of 399 ratus for carrying out the method described in the operation designated (1)
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view of apparatus for carrying out the method described in operation (2);
  • Fig. 3 is a similar view of an apparatus for carrying out the method described in operation
  • Fig. 4 is a similar view of apparatus for carrying out the method described in operation
  • Fig. 5 is a fragmentary detail view illustrating the transfer of a saturated web from a wire screen, such as those shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 1 I have shown the conventional rotary foraminated cylinder 1 rotating in the vat 2 containing pulp solution 3. Suction is maintained on the interior of the cylinder 1 by conventional suction conduit 4 communicating with a source of vacuum. The felting cylinder 1 is immersed in the pulp suspension and rotates in the direction of the arrow. A film of felted fibrous stock 5 forms on the surface of said cylinder and is carried upwardly out of the vat, where said newly formed wet web is transferred to a continuous blanket 6, the couch roll 7 assisting in the transfer.
  • the structure just described and the method of operation are conventional.
  • the sheet is then caused to travel through the bath of saturant 14 and, after the desired time of immersion, is removed from said bath, being carried by the screen to the make-up roll 18.
  • the dolly roll 11 functions, in combination with the make-up roll 18, to couch the saturated web whereby to condense it without crushing.
  • the saturated, condensed web 5 may wind around make-up roll 18 and the plies of the wet web'may adhere together to the thickness desired.
  • the plied sheet may be stripped from the make-up roll in a conventional manner.
  • Make-up rolls are usually provided with a longitudinal slot (not shown) and when a web has built up on the roll to the desired thickness, a knife may be passed through the web and into the slot, and the wet plied web stripped from the roll.
  • the self-sustaining web web 5' may be formed on any suitable paper forming machine (not shown) separated from the blanket or wire of the paper forming machine, and transferred to endless screen belt 9', which is trained around rolls 10', 12 and 13'.
  • Roll 10' may be a solid roll
  • roll 12' may be a screen roll.
  • Mounted above the endless screen belt 9' is a second endless screen belt 19 trained around solid roll 20 and screen roll 21, mounted on suitable shafts journaled in suitable bearings. Tension is maintained on screen roll 19 by tension roll 22.
  • Saturant is supplied to the reservoir 24 at such a rate and at such volume that the saturant continuously overflows onto the surface of the belt 9', passing through said belt onto the lower face of the web 5'.
  • both surfaces of the web are brought into contact with an excess of saturant, which saturant freely flows through the wet web. Excess saturant may be removed in any desired way.
  • the relative positioning of the screen belts 9' and 19 is such that the web is confined therebetween so that the fiber formation is not distorted.
  • Squeeze rolls 25 function to partially condense excess saturant and the sheet is carried by belt 9' to make-up roll 18'.
  • a dolly roll 11 is provided, which functions in combination with make-up roll 18' to couch and further condense the sheet.
  • Web 5" may be formed upon any suitable paper making machine (not shown) and may be brought into contact with the upper surface of rotatable screen roll 9" which is adapted to rotate in'and be submerged by the bath of saturant 16" contained in the vat 17" during a portion of its travel.
  • the wet web 5 is then brought into contact with endless wire screen 9, trained around rolls 10, 11 and 12*.
  • Roll 10 is preferably a wire screen roll, whereas rolls 11 and 12' may be solid rolls.
  • Roll 10 is adapted to rotate in a bath of saturant 16 contained in vat 17?.
  • saturant is sprayed on the upper surface of the wet web through nozzle 13.
  • the arrangement is such that preferably an excess of saturant is applied through the nozzle 13, whichexcess is removed by means of suction maintained in the suction box 14.
  • the suction maintained in the box 14 also assists in drawing the saturant through the wet web.
  • I may use rubber latex as a saturant, and a web comprising well beaten sulphite pulp being concurrently formed on a paper machine.
  • This wet web is made self-sustaining, removed from the blanket or wire of the paper forming machine and led or threaded into the saturating structures illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawing.
  • the web speed on the paper machine and through the saturating structure is synchronized to prevent tearing of the wet web at the point of threading or beyond.
  • the web is distended by the excess of liquid saturant and becomes thoroughly saturated.
  • the proportion of introduced binder or other material may be controlled in the finished paper or board by the concentration of the binder in the saturating solution, and by the densifying of the web between the press rolls after saturation. Due to the possibility ofwidely "varying the thickness of the web leaving the saturating machine, the volume of absorbed saturant and hence the proportion of introduced material may be regulated within wide limits.
  • the web may be composed of long, unbeaten fibre such as cotton, or, at the other extreme, short highly hydrated fibres produced by long beating. It may comprise asbestos, filling materials or pigments, or materials intended to react with the binder material or size later applied.
  • binders or sizing materials are: Alkaline phenolic resin solution, alkaline casein solution, starch solution, alkaline shellac solution, glue solution, diluted viscose, sodium silicate solution, oil or asphalt emulsions, soap solutions, rosin size, etc., or any desirable combination of these or other binding or sizing materials. Most of these are quite inoperative and ineffective when applied in the beater engine, but will produce a full binding effect when saturated by this method.
  • Such a distensible web may, therefore, after saturation and concomitant distension or 145 expansion, upon condensing, resume the fiber relationship or formation existent in the web before saturation.
  • the paper making characteristics of the web remain substantially unmodified by the saturation thereof in 150 view of the fact that the fibers remain hooked" or intertangled when the web is distended in the presence of the excess of saturant.
  • Such a wet web when immersed in a saturation bath, such as, for instance, latex, assumes what may be termed, for want of a more apt expression, a floating condition; that is to say, the fibers tend to float in the excess of the liquid of the saturating bath, but because'of the hooked or intertangled relationship, as aforesaid, they cannot entirely separate and, therefore, the "floating" is restrained to a condition short of complete separation.
  • a saturation bath such as, for instance, latex
  • the wet web may be further. characterized by the fact that it would disintegrate when immersed in a saturating bath if it were not supported by a porous carrier; moreover, the web may be characterized by the fact that a single and rather rapid passage thereof through the saturating bath will completely saturate the same and, in fact, provide an excess of saturant therefor, as distinguished from 'webs of such a character as would require a rest period or which would require no carrier when undergoing immersion during the saturating step.
  • a process of adding an aqueous saturant to a wet fibrous web which comprises supporting the web on a porous conveyor in contact with an excess of the saturant, while maintaining the original fiber formation, passing the supported web into contact with said excess of saturant whereby said web is saturated, condensing the web by pressure to remove excess saturant, separating the saturated web from the porous conveyor, and recovering the condensed web for use in making single ply or multi-ply products there- 9.
  • a process which comprises continuously feeding a self -sustaining wet web of felted fibers being concurrently formed on, and removed entirely from, the paper forming end of a paper machine through a bath of saturant whereby to increase the proportion of liquid to fiber and saturate the web, preventing disintegration of said web during saturation by positively supporting the web on a porous conveyor of such a character as to maintain the original fiber formation and yet permit thorough saturation, condensing the web to decrease the proportion of liquid to fiber and remove excess liquid whereby the saturated web is again self-sustaining, and thereafter removing the condensed web from the porous conveyor.
  • a saturated, felted fibrous sheet having all of the structural characteristics of an unsaturated felted fibrous sheet of the same fiber composition, the fibers of which are coated and intimately associated with a uniformly distributed continuous film of the saturant, said film being in the same condition as a film of the dried saturant in the absence of the fibers, the sheet possessing the characteristics of having had the saturant incorporated after the sheet was formed but prior to drying.
  • a felted fibrous sheet normally repellent to saturation with latex when dry, the fibers of which sheet exhibit the property of having been shrunk in the presence of the latex. said fibers being entirely coated and connected by a continuous film of latex, which latter film has the same properties as the rubber in a film of dried fiberfree latex.
  • a latex saturated felted fibrous sheet having all of the structural characteristics of an unsaturated felted fibrous sheet of the same fiber composition, the fibers of which are coated and intimately associated with a uniformly distributed continuous film of rubber derived from the latex, said rubber film being in the same condition as a film of dried fiber-free latex, the sheet possessing the characteristics of having had the saturant incorporated after the sheet was formed but prior to drying.
  • a felted fibrous paper normally repellent to saturation with a saturant when dry, all of the fibers of which are entirely coated and connected by a continuous film of the dried saturant in the condition of a film of dried fiber-free saturant.
  • the process of producing a felted fibrous web which comprises the step of providing a wet web of felted fibrous material of such a character as to permit expansion of the web when contacted with an excess of aqueous treating liquid without substantially disturbing the fibrous formation of the web, introducing the said wet web to a saturating zone for treating the same in the presence of an excess of saturant whereby to completely saturate the web during its passage through said zone and thereafter condensing the saturated web.
  • the step which comprises providing a wet web of felted fibrous material of such a character as to permit expansion of the wet web when contacted with an excess of aqueous treating liquid and of such character that it would disintegrate if subjected to a saturating bath while unsupported, the improvement which comprises introducing said web to a saturating zone for treating the same in the presence of an excess of saturant, while supporting the same during its passage through said zone to prevent disintegration, said process being characterized by the capability of the wet web to be expanded during its passage through the saturating step whereby to enable complete saturation of the fiber of the web without substantial disturbing the structural formation of the wet web as it existed before saturation.
  • the steps which comprise forming a wet web of a character permitting distension thereof when contacted with an excess of aqueous liquid, introducing the wet web thus formed to a saturating bath comprising an excess of aqueous treating liquid wherein the web is caused to be distended and the fibers assume a floating condition relative to each other, thereby enabling complete saturation of the wet web during its passage through said saturating zone, removing the saturated and distended web from the saturating zone and condensing the same whereby to cause the fibers to resume substantially their same structural formation as existed before the saturating step.
  • a paper making process of the character described comprising the steps of forming a felted wet web of such a weak nature as would cause the same to disintegrate if passed unsupported through a bath of saturating material, introducing the wet web thus formed to a saturating bath while supporting the same on a porous carrier, whereby the fibers of the web are completely coated by the saturant during the passage through the saturation zone, said process being characterized by the fact that the structural characteristics of the wet web remain substantially unaltered subsequent to saturation.
  • a continuous process of the character described comprising the steps of forming a web of distensible character when subjected to an excess of aqueous treating liquid, leading thew'eb thus formed to a saturating zone having an excess of saturant therein whereby the fibers of the web are adjusted and the interstices enlarged to permit the saturant to rapidly and completely saturate the web during its passage therethrough, and thereafter condensing the saturated felted web.
  • the process of saturating a wet fibrous web which comprises the steps of providing a web which is "distensible when contacted with an excess of an aqueous treating liquid, introducing the wet web to an excess of saturating bath whereby to cause distension of the fibers to permit coating of the individual fibers, condensingthe saturated web whereby to cause the fibers to subthe sheet as it existed before incorporation of the .binder;"into the sheet while the same is in a wet stantially resume their original formation, said process being further characterized by the fact that the saturant in the completed web constitutes a substantially continuous connecting medium for the fibers,
  • a saturated, felted fibrous sheet comprising a plurality of fibers individually coated with a binder, said binder constituting a continuous connecting mediumfor the felted fibers of the sheet and being present in the sheet without sub- I stantially disturbing the structural formation of medium connecting the individual felted fibers of the sheet without substantially disturbing the felted' characteristics thereof, said sheet being characterized by the incorporation of the binder into the sheet while in a wet distended condition.

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US648921A 1932-12-27 1932-12-27 Method of saturating fibrous stock Expired - Lifetime US1966458A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US648921A US1966458A (en) 1932-12-27 1932-12-27 Method of saturating fibrous stock
GB12896/34A GB442002A (en) 1932-12-27 1934-04-28 Improvements in or relating to saturated fibrous sheet material and process of producing the same
FR772882D FR772882A (fr) 1932-12-27 1934-05-04 Perfectionnements aux matières fibreuses en feuilles imprégnées et aux procédés de fabrication desdites matières en feuilles
DER90536D DE667054C (de) 1932-12-27 1934-05-05 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Traenken von Papier, Karton oder Pappe mit einem waessrigen Bindemittel
NL69400A NL45200C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1932-12-27 1934-05-09
US726683A US2078272A (en) 1932-12-27 1934-05-21 Apparatus for manufacturing saturated sheeted fibrous structures

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US648921A US1966458A (en) 1932-12-27 1932-12-27 Method of saturating fibrous stock

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US1966458A true US1966458A (en) 1934-07-17

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US648921A Expired - Lifetime US1966458A (en) 1932-12-27 1932-12-27 Method of saturating fibrous stock

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US (1) US1966458A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE667054C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR772882A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB442002A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL45200C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2610138A (en) * 1945-11-27 1952-09-09 Wood Conversion Co Manufacture of resin-bound fiber structure
DE1090946B (de) * 1952-03-15 1960-10-13 Fram Corp Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mehrschichtigen auswechselbaren Papier-Filterelements
DE1092290B (de) * 1952-03-15 1960-11-03 Fram Corp Verfahren zur Herstellung eines zylindrischen Faltenfilterelements
US3044895A (en) * 1957-12-09 1962-07-17 Formica Corp Process for treating paper
US4684440A (en) * 1985-12-09 1987-08-04 Paper Chemistry Laboratory, Inc. Method for manufacturing paper products
US4737242A (en) * 1984-11-01 1988-04-12 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Apparatus for applying a liquid composition to a fibrous web
WO1989001072A1 (en) * 1987-07-24 1989-02-09 Paper Chemistry Laboratory, Inc. Method for manufacture of paper products
US5114539A (en) * 1985-12-09 1992-05-19 Paper Chemistry Laboratory, Inc. Methods for manufacturing paper products
US5505264A (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-04-09 Georgia Bonded Fibers, Inc. Leather-like hoof pad of composite material
US5783043A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-21 Christensen; Leif Paper coating apparatus
US6383337B1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2002-05-07 Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent Gmbh Method and device for applying a medium on a running web of material
US20040177939A1 (en) * 2001-07-03 2004-09-16 Juha Lipponen Method and apparatus for producing sized paper of board
US20040191416A1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2004-09-30 Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent Gmbh Coating device and process for a wet section of an apparatus for production of a material web
US20050003083A1 (en) * 2001-07-03 2005-01-06 Juha Lipponen Method for producing sized paper or cardboard
EP1629153A2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2006-03-01 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and apparatus in the surface sizing of a paper or board web

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2843505A (en) * 1954-02-04 1958-07-15 Wood Conversion Co Method and apparatus for treating impregnated fiber webs

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2610138A (en) * 1945-11-27 1952-09-09 Wood Conversion Co Manufacture of resin-bound fiber structure
DE1090946B (de) * 1952-03-15 1960-10-13 Fram Corp Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mehrschichtigen auswechselbaren Papier-Filterelements
DE1092290B (de) * 1952-03-15 1960-11-03 Fram Corp Verfahren zur Herstellung eines zylindrischen Faltenfilterelements
US3044895A (en) * 1957-12-09 1962-07-17 Formica Corp Process for treating paper
US4737242A (en) * 1984-11-01 1988-04-12 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Apparatus for applying a liquid composition to a fibrous web
US5114539A (en) * 1985-12-09 1992-05-19 Paper Chemistry Laboratory, Inc. Methods for manufacturing paper products
WO1988006656A1 (en) * 1985-12-09 1988-09-07 Paper Chemistry Laboratory, Inc. Method for dewatering a wet paper web and introducing functional additives
US4684440A (en) * 1985-12-09 1987-08-04 Paper Chemistry Laboratory, Inc. Method for manufacturing paper products
WO1989001072A1 (en) * 1987-07-24 1989-02-09 Paper Chemistry Laboratory, Inc. Method for manufacture of paper products
US5505264A (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-04-09 Georgia Bonded Fibers, Inc. Leather-like hoof pad of composite material
US5783043A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-21 Christensen; Leif Paper coating apparatus
US6383337B1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2002-05-07 Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent Gmbh Method and device for applying a medium on a running web of material
US20040191416A1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2004-09-30 Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent Gmbh Coating device and process for a wet section of an apparatus for production of a material web
US20040177939A1 (en) * 2001-07-03 2004-09-16 Juha Lipponen Method and apparatus for producing sized paper of board
US20050003083A1 (en) * 2001-07-03 2005-01-06 Juha Lipponen Method for producing sized paper or cardboard
US7045036B2 (en) * 2001-07-03 2006-05-16 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing sized paper of board
EP1629153A2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2006-03-01 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and apparatus in the surface sizing of a paper or board web

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR772882A (fr) 1934-11-06
DE667054C (de) 1938-11-03
NL45200C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1939-03-15
GB442002A (en) 1936-01-29

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