US1962104A - Radioreceiver - Google Patents

Radioreceiver Download PDF

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Publication number
US1962104A
US1962104A US580871A US58087131A US1962104A US 1962104 A US1962104 A US 1962104A US 580871 A US580871 A US 580871A US 58087131 A US58087131 A US 58087131A US 1962104 A US1962104 A US 1962104A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
frequency
grid
inductance
tuned
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US580871A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel E Harnett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Aerospace Inc
Original Assignee
Hazeltine Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL40380D priority Critical patent/NL40380C/xx
Priority to BE393019D priority patent/BE393019A/xx
Priority to NL38048D priority patent/NL38048C/xx
Priority to US19765D priority patent/USRE19765E/en
Priority to US580871A priority patent/US1962104A/en
Application filed by Hazeltine Corp filed Critical Hazeltine Corp
Priority to GB32625/32A priority patent/GB392841A/en
Priority to FR747555D priority patent/FR747555A/fr
Priority to FR747556D priority patent/FR747556A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1962104A publication Critical patent/US1962104A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/06—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes
    • H03D7/08—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes the signals to be mixed being applied between the same two electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/10—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being vacuum tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/06—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oscillator modulator, and. more particularly, to oscillator modulators for use in connection with superheterodyne radio receivers.
  • the signal or carrier frequency is converted into a iixed intermediate frequency which may be amplified readily by specially designed amplifiers with practically uniform results regardless of the frequency of the received signal. It is the usual practice to beat or modulate the incoming signal currents with locally produced currents of a frequency differing from the frequency of the received signals by an approximately iixed amount. This difference frequency is that to which the intermediate-frequency ampliiiers are adapted to respond.
  • the oscillator modulator is provided with a uniform-gain oscillatory circuit so that the voltage output of. said circuit, which eiiects the grid circuit to produce the modulation of the received signals, will be substantially uniform throughout the tuning range of the oscillator.
  • a uniform-gain type owlllator permits the oscillator current to be limited to such a point that it does not paralyze the tube, and it is possible therefore to utilize it as an emcient detector.
  • a uniform feed-back between an output electrode of the oscillator-modulator tube is obtained by combining electromagnetic and electrostatic couplings in the proper phase so that a gain in the electromagnetic coupling is offset by a decrease in the electrostatic coupling, and vice versa, as the circuit is tuned.
  • the capacitive coupling may be obtained by a fixed condenser constituting a portion of the oscillation circuit. This condenser may have the dual function of assisting the alignment of the oscillation circuit with the input radio-frequency circuit to permit uni-control of these two circuits by the same control element.
  • the oscillation circuit may be excited either from the plate or screen-grid electrodes by the use of appropriate connections.
  • the oscillation circuit is electromagnetically coupled to an inductance placed in the cathode lead of the modulator tube, by which it is meant that it is in a circuit which is common to the plate and grid circuits of the tube.
  • the coupling is so chosen that the maximum voltage uctuation of the grid relative to the cathode will be insufficient to cause the grid to swing positive so as to draw current.
  • the oscillation circuit may be coupled to the plate circuit for excitation purposes and connected to an auxiliary grid of the tubev for the purpose of varying the electron stream in the tube in accordance with the oscillation frequency and thus modulating the signal frequency impressed upon the grid circuit of the modulator.
  • the oscillation circuit may be coupled to the plate circuit for excitation purposes and connected to an auxiliary grid of the tubev for the purpose of varying the electron stream in the tube in accordance with the oscillation frequency and thus modulating the signal frequency impressed upon the grid circuit of the modulator.
  • the cathode circuit may also include a selfbiasing resistor for maintaining the proper bias on the grid relative to the cathode, and if the value of this resistor is properly chosen, it may be caused to act as a regulator to prevent the 110 modulator from overloading, as will be described hereinafter.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit showing an oscillator modulator arranged to oscillate between screen-grid and cathode;
  • Fig. 2 is a similar lcircuit arranged to oscillate between plate and screen-grid.
  • a thermionic o'scillator tube 11 is connected, as shown, to a, tuned input circuit 13, which includes inductance 15 and variable condenser 17.
  • Inductance 15 may be inductively coupled to the inductance 19, which may be the ouput inductance of a radio-frequency amplifier or the antenna inductance of a receiver.
  • the tuned grid circuit 13 is connected to the grid of the tube l1 through the usual grid-leak 22 shunted by condenser 26 for the purpose of producing grid modulation in the tube 11.
  • the output circuit of the tube 11 comprises an output inductance 29, tuned by means of the adjustable condenser 37 to the intermediate frequency, and the high potential source 49, which may be shunted by condenser 41 for'bypassing high-frequency currents.
  • the inductance 29 is inductively coupled to inductance 31, included in the circuit 33, tuned by means of condenser 35 to be resonant to the intermediate frequency.
  • This circuit may be connected to an intermediate-frequency amplifier tube, which is not shown.
  • the oscillation circuit 42 includes the inductance 43, the adjustable condenser 39, and the variable condenser 45. This circuit is coupled to the screen-grid circuit by means of the dual couplings provided between the inductance 47, included in said circuit, and the inductance 43, and the condenser 39, which is common to the screen-grid and oscillation circuits.
  • the usual battery 49 connected through the inductance 29 to the plate of tube 11.
  • the screen-grid voltage is shown as being supplied by the connection to the battery 49 through the isolating resistor 50.
  • the specific means for supplying the screen and plate voltages constitute no part of the present invention, however, and any appropriate method of voltage supply may be utilized.
  • the screen-grid circuit includes the screengrid, the condenser 40, inductance 47, and the condenser 39.
  • the signal input circuit 13 and the oscillation circuit 42 are tuned simultaneously by a uni-control arrangement of condensers 17 and 45. These tuned circuits are designed to have resonant frequencies differing by an amount substantially equal to the intermediate frequency.
  • the oscillation frequency is preferably the higher.
  • the two tuning condensers 17 and 45 generally have the -same capacity variation.
  • the oscillation frequency is made higher by making the inductance 43 of lower inductance than coil 15. With this change alone the frequency difference would vary in proportion to the resonant frequency of the signal input circuit. Therefore, the difference at higher signal frequencies is decreased by making the effective minimum capacity of condenser 45 and its associated circuits slightly greater than that of condenser 17 and its associated circuits.
  • the difference at lower signal frequencies is increased by inserting the fixed condenser 39 in series with the condenser 45.'
  • the frequency difference is made exactly equal to the intermediate frequency at three points in the tuning range. This is called the alignment of signal and oscillation circuits to secure the intermediate-frequency difference.
  • Padding condensers may be provided in parallel with either or both of the condensers 17 and 45 in order to permit adjustments for assisting in the alignment of the circuits 13 and 42.
  • the inductance 43 is inductively coupled to the cathode inductance 24 for supplying the oscillation voltages tothe circuit of tube .1-1.
  • resistance 22 and condenser 26 are shown as being included in the grid lead, they may, if desired, be included in the cathode lead instead, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the operation of the circuit of Fig. 1 is as follows:
  • the input circuit 13 is tuned to the incoming signal frequency and impresses upon the grid of the tube 11 a potential varying relative to the potential of the cathode 21 in accordance with the incoming signal.
  • the resistance 22 and the condenser 26 are so arranged as to permit grid modulation of the incoming signal by means of the oscillation voltage which is supplied from the oscillation circuit to the cathode of the modulator 11.
  • the oscillation voltage impressed upon the cathode of tube 11 serves to vary the relative potentials of the grid and cathode in accordance with the oscillation voltage.
  • the tuned plate circuit 28 is adjusted to respond to the difference frequency, which is one of the components present in the output of the modulator 11.
  • the screen-grid is utilized for supplying energy to the oscillation circuit, the coupling between the screen-grid and the oscillation circuit being the dual couplings provided by the inductance between inductances 47 and 43 and the capacity of condenser 39.
  • the inductive coupling is so a1'- ranged that it will increase with an increase in the frequency oscillations; whereas the impedance of the condenser 39 being less at high frequencies, the electrostatic coupling will decrease.
  • the electromagnetic coupling decreases at the low frequencies, and the impedance of the condenser 39 increases at the low frequencies.
  • a substantially uniform coupling between the output or screen electrode may be provided which will cause a substantially uniform voltage to be produced by the oscillation circuit 42 regardless of the frequency to which it is tuned.
  • Fig. 1 shows a circuit in which the oscillation circuit is excited by means of the screen-grid, it is obvious, of course, that this excitation may be from the plate circuit if desired.
  • the modulator 11 has a tuned grid circuit 13, a tuned plate circuit 28, and an oscillation circuit 42.
  • the grid circuit includes the inductance 15 and the variable condenser 17 and is inductively coupled to the inductance 19, which may be the output inductance of a radio-frequency amplifier or the antenna inductance of the radio receiver.
  • the grid circuit is connected to the grid and cathode, the latter connection being through the selfbiasing resistor 23, which is shunted by the usual by-pass condenser 25.
  • This resistor has, in addition to the usual function of producing the bias on the grid relative to the cathod'ftl'e function of regulating and limiting the plate voltage.
  • the resistor isincluded not only inthe grid circuit, butin the plate circuit, and thus an increase in the grid voltage, which might tend to overload the modulator, results in increased plate current and a changein the bias of the grid in the direction t6 reduce the plate current.
  • the plate circuit includes the tuned output circuit 28, which is connected tothe high potential source 49, shunted by the radio-frequency by-pass condenser 41. y I
  • the oscillation circuit 42 For exciting the oscillation circuit 42, it is coupled through adjustable condenser 36 to the plate circuit.
  • the coupling between the 4plate and oscillation circuits is of the uniform-gain type,
  • the oscillation circuit 42 is directly connected to van auxiliary grid oi the oscillator-modulator tube 11, as shown, which arrangement serves to impress an oscillation voltage upon this grid of the oscillation frequency.
  • This varying voltage serves to effect the plate impedance of the tube and thereby modulates the signal current im-
  • the uniform-gain characteristics of the oscillation circuit are useful ⁇ in this arrangement in preventing the plate current from varying to such an extent as to cause distortion or overload the plate circuit.
  • Condensers 35, 36, 37 and 39 adjustable. Condensers 35'and 37 are adjusted to tune the circuits 28 and 33 to the intermediate frequency; condenser 39 is made adjustable to permit the'circuits 13 and 42 to be aligned, as described above in connection with Fig. 1, and the condenser 36 is adjustable to regulate properly the excitation of the oscillation circuit. It can thus be seen that there have been described two circuits which accomplish a similar result in preventing the overloading of the modulator and in obtaining substantially uniform translation gain throughout the entire tuning range of a receiver. y
  • the oscillator modulator embodying this invention is primarily for the purpose of superheterodyne radio receivers in which the grid circuit is coupled to the input of a radio receiver or the output of a radio-frequency amplifier tube and the plate circuit of the oscillator modulator is coupled to an intermediate-frequency tuned circuit
  • the oscillator modulator described may be utilized in any other suitable connection, and its use, therefore, in a superheterodyne is not to be cbnstrued as a limitation of theinvention.
  • An oscillator-modulator vcircuit including a tube having input electrodes including a common electrode, and output electrodes including said common electrode, a tunable circuit connected between an input electrode and said common electrode Vand adapted to respond to currents which it is desired to modulate, an oscillation circuit coupled to an output electrode and said common electrode and including an inductance, .and an. inductive coupling between said inductance and .said common electrode, whereby there are impressed on said last-mentioned electrode currents of the frequency by which it is desired to modulate the incoming signal currents.
  • An oscillator-modulator circuit including a tube having input electrodes including a common electrode, and outputelectrodes including said common electrode, a tunable circuit' connected to one of said input electrodes and adapted to respond to the frequency of currents which it is desired to modulate, an inductance connected between said tunable circuit and said common electrode, a grid condenser connected between said tunable circuit and one of said input electrodes and a grid-leak connected eectively between said input electrodes, an oscillation circuit tuned to respond to a frequency differing from that of the first-mentioned circuit by a fixed amount and including an inductance, inductively related to said first-mentioned inductance, and a coupling between said oscillation circuit and an output electrode of said tube, whereby the currents of the'frequency to which said tunable circuit responds are modulated by the currents produced by said oscillation circuit.
  • An oscillator-modulator circuit including a tube having input electrodes including a common electrode and output electrodesA including sald common electrode, a tunable circuitconnected to one of said input electrodes and adapted to respond to the frequency of currents which it is desired to modulate, an inductance connected between said tunable circuit and said common electrode, a grid condenser connected between said tunable circuit and one of said input electrodesl and a grid-leak connected effectively between said input electrodes, an oscillation circuit tuned to respond to a frequency differing from that oi.' the first-mentioned circuit by a lfixed amount and including an inductance, inductively related to said first-mentioned inductance, a coupling between said oscillation circuit and an output electrode of said tube, whereby the currents o1' the frequency to which said tuned circuit responds are modulated by the currents produced by said oscillation circuit, and an output circuit also connected to an output electrode and tuned to respond to the difference between the frequencies of said tunable circuit and said oscil
  • An oscillator-modulator circuit including a tube having input electrodes including a common electrode, and loutput electrodes including said common electrode, a tunable circuit including a variable condenser connected to one of said input electrodes, an inductance connected between said tunable circuit and said common electrode, an oscillation circuit including an inductance and a variable condenser, said lastmentioned inductance being inductively related common electrode, a tunable circuit including an inductance and a variable condenser connected to one of said input electrodes, an inductance connected between said tunable circuit and said common electrode, an oscillation circuit including a portion of a third inductance and a variable condenser, said last-mentioned inductance being inductively related to said first-mentioned inductance, a coupling between said oscillation circuit and an output electrode, a tuned output circuit connected to an output electrode and tuned to the frequency difference between said tunable circuit and said oscillation circuit, means .for
  • said last-mentioned means including 'a condenser connected to a tap on said third-mentioned inductance and to said common electrode through said second-mentioned inductance.
  • An oscillator-modulator circuit including a tube having cathode, anode and two or more grid electrodes, a tuned circuit including an inductance and a variable condenser connected between said cathode and one of said grid electrodes, an oscillation circuit including an inductance and a variable condenser connected to another of said grid electrodes and coupled to said anode, and means for simultaneously tuning said tuned circuit and said oscillation circuit, whereby a substantially constant difference frequency is maintained between the frequency to which said tuned input circuit responds and that to which said oscillation circuit responds as said tube oscillates between anode and one of said grid electrodes and thus modulates currents of the frequency to which said input circuit is tuned, by the oscillation frequency.
  • An oscillator-modulator circuit including a thermionic tube having input electrodes, output electrodes, and a screen electrode, a tuned circuit including an inductance and a variable condenser connected to an input electrode, an oscillation circuit including an inductance and avariable condenser connected to said screen electrode and coupled to an output electrode, means for simultaneously tuning said tuned circuit and said oscillation circuit, whereby a substantially constant difference frequency is maintained between the frequency to which said tuned input circuit responds and that to which said oscillation circuit responds as said tube oscillates between the output and screen electrodes and thus modulates currents of the frequency to which said input circuit is tuned by the oscillation frequency, and a second tuned circuit connected to said output electrode and tuned to the difference between the frequencies to which said input and oscillation circuits respond.
  • An oscillator-modulator circuit including a thermionic tube having input electrodes, output electrodes, and a screen electrode, a tuned circuit including an inductance and a variable condenser connected to an input electrode, an oscillation circuit including an inductance and a variable condenser connected to said screen electrode and coupled to an output electrode, means for simultaneously tuning said tuned circuit and said oscillation circuit, whereby a substantially constant difference frequency is maintained between the frequency to which said tuned input circuit responds and that to which said oscillation circuit responds as said tube oscillates between the output ⁇ and screen electrodes and thus modulates currents of the frequency to which said input circuit is tuned by the oscillation frequency, a second tuned circuit connected to an output electrode and tuned to the diiference between the frequencies to which said input and oscillation circuits respond, and means for simultaneously permitting said input and oscillation circuits to respond to frequencies differing from each other by a substantially xed amount and providing dual couplings between said output electrode and said oscillation circuit.
  • An oscillator-modulator circuit including a tube having input electrodes including a common electrode, and output electrodes including sa1d common electrode, a tunable circuit connected between an input electrode and said common electrode and adapted to respond to currents which it is desired to modulate, an oscillation circuit coupled to an output electrode and said common electrode and including an inductance, and an inductive coupling between said inductance and said common electrode, whereby there are impressed on said last-mentioned electrode currents of the frequency by which it is desired to modulate the incoming signal currents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
US580871A 1931-12-14 1931-12-14 Radioreceiver Expired - Lifetime US1962104A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL38048D NL38048C (de) 1931-12-14
US19765D USRE19765E (en) 1931-12-14 Badioreceiveb
NL40380D NL40380C (de) 1931-12-14
BE393019D BE393019A (de) 1931-12-14
US580871A US1962104A (en) 1931-12-14 1931-12-14 Radioreceiver
GB32625/32A GB392841A (en) 1931-12-14 1932-11-18 Radio receivers
FR747555D FR747555A (fr) 1931-12-14 1932-12-14 Oscillateur-modulateur, en particulier pour récepteurs à changement de fréquence
FR747556D FR747556A (fr) 1931-12-14 1932-12-14 Oscillateur-modulateur, en particulier pour récepteurs superhétérodynes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US580871A US1962104A (en) 1931-12-14 1931-12-14 Radioreceiver

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1962104A true US1962104A (en) 1934-06-05

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US19765D Expired USRE19765E (en) 1931-12-14 Badioreceiveb
US580871A Expired - Lifetime US1962104A (en) 1931-12-14 1931-12-14 Radioreceiver

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US19765D Expired USRE19765E (en) 1931-12-14 Badioreceiveb

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US1962104A (de)
BE (1) BE393019A (de)
FR (2) FR747555A (de)
GB (1) GB392841A (de)
NL (2) NL38048C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2706249A (en) * 1949-02-26 1955-04-12 Tesla Nat Corp Stabilization of resonant circuits
US2908869A (en) * 1958-01-03 1959-10-13 Avco Mfg Corp Stable oscillator
US2986632A (en) * 1959-03-17 1961-05-30 Oak Mfg Co Combined oscillator converter circuit for high frequencies

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB698397A (en) * 1951-07-02 1953-10-14 Philips Electrical Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to superheterodyne receiving circuits

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2706249A (en) * 1949-02-26 1955-04-12 Tesla Nat Corp Stabilization of resonant circuits
US2908869A (en) * 1958-01-03 1959-10-13 Avco Mfg Corp Stable oscillator
US2986632A (en) * 1959-03-17 1961-05-30 Oak Mfg Co Combined oscillator converter circuit for high frequencies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL38048C (de)
USRE19765E (en) 1935-11-26
NL40380C (de)
GB392841A (en) 1933-05-25
BE393019A (de)
FR747556A (fr) 1933-06-20
FR747555A (fr) 1933-06-20

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