US1959033A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

May 1.5, 1934. w. MCGUINEss BOILER Filed March 14, 1933 f/ Mmm .NQ aan Ll Figi [Nl/ENTOR hie,

Patented May 15, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application March 14,

6 Claims.

The invention relates to new and useful improvements in boilers, and particularly pertains to water tube boilers adapted for hot water heating systems and low pressure steam heating systems respectively.

One object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved construction of a combustion chamber with an extended iiue for the combustion gases, wherein a. complete combustion of all combustible matter in the combustion gases is obtained and the heat therefrom is utilized to the highest extent for the production of hot water or steam as the case may be, resulting in a very substantial saving of fuel.

A further object of the invention is to provide the boiler with a combustion chamber surrounded by an annular flue through which the hot combustion gases which leave said combustion chamber are conducted to heat the combustion chamber from the outside before the gases are discharged into the chimney. In this manner a complete combustion of all combustible matter in the combustion gases is obtained in a very simple and eiicient manner.

A still further object of the invention resides in the division of the current of combustion gases which travels through the annular flue surrounding the combustion chamber. The hotter gases are separated from the cooler gases and are passed again through the combustion zone immediate above the re, while the cooler gases, containing less combustible matter than the hotter gases, are permitted to expand within the annular flue just before they are discharged into the chimney.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-section of the boiler, certain portions being shown as broken away, and

Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically a perspective view of the furnace, the travel of the combustion lgases being indicated by arrows.

According to the drawing, the boiler of the present invention is provided with a front wall 5, side walls 6 and 7 a rear wall 8 and a top wall 9. The walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 are connected together at their vertical edges and are mounted on a suitable fundation 10 made from refractory material, fire proof brick, cement, torpedo gravel or the like. This foundation l contains the ash pit 1l and the grate 12 of the boiler, the iront wall of said foundation being provided with the customary draft panel door 13 which permits access to the ash pit ll and the regulation of the natural draft in the boiler. Within the space conned by the front, side and rear walls is arranged an inner casing comprising the vertical walls 14, 15, 1 6

1933, Serial No. 660,662

ber 18 which extends around the entire inner casing and is used as a flue through which the combustion gases are conducted before being discharged into the chimney. Within the inner casing are arranged the fire box 19, the lower receivers 20 and 21, the upper receiver 22 and the water tubes 23 connecting the lower receivers with the upper receiver. The lower portion of the inner casing surrounds the lire box 19 into which fuel may be introduced through a. door arranged in the outer front wall and an opening 25 in the front wall 14 of the inner casing. The outer front wall 5 is also provided with a door 26 through which the clinker may be removed from the grate 12.

The upper end of the inner casing is closed by the top wall 9. The side wall of the inner' casing has near its upper end a longitudinal opening 27 through which the hot combustion gases are conducted into the annular gas chamber 18. A baille plate 28 extending along the.

upper horizontal edge of the opening 27 directs the hot gases downwardly into the air space between the walls 15 and 6. Within this air space is arranged near the rear end of the same an upwardly extending baie plate 29 which completely bridges the distance between the inner wall 15 and the outer side wall 6 and directs the hot gases forwardly toward the front of the boiler.

According to Fig. 1 there is arranged in the air space between the front wall 14 of the inner casing and the outer front wall 5 a partition wall 30 which according to Fig. 2 is arranged to the left hand side of the opening in the wall 14 and Vextends. vertically downward from the top wall 9 to a point somewhat below the lower edge of the opening 25. This vertical partition is connected with a horizontal partition 31, which extends along the lower edge of the opening 25 and is then bent vertically upward at 32 at the right hand side of the same to terminate in anv outwardly inclined portion 33.

The partition wall 30, 31, 32, 33 divides the air space between walls 14 and 5 into two superposed chambers or flues. VThe hot gases flowing in the air space between the walls 15 and 6 forwardly are divided by the horizontal wall portion 31 into two currents. The upper current, which contains the hotter gases, is conducted by the partition will into the opening25 in the front wall 14 of the inner casing and therefore re-enters the` combustion zone of the boiler. The lower current, which contains cooler gases, is directed past the front of the boiler into the air space between the side walls 7 and 16. This air space extends the entire height of the walls 7 and 16 and permits an expansion of the combustion gases before they are discharged into the chimney 34. The chimney 34 is preferably connected with the lower left hand corner (Fig. l) of the air space between the inner rear wall 17 and the outer rear wall 8 as shown at 35. However, the chimney 34 may also be connected with the right hand corner of said air space or any other point of said air space, if this should be desired for any reason. During the travel of the combustion gases from the re box upwardly into the cornbustion chamber and outwardly into the upper end of said annular gas chamber or flue surrounding the entire inner casing, the gases become completely burned and all their heat is utilized to heat the hot water tube system within the inner casing. Those gases which are relatively hot and contain still Ian Yappreciable portion of combustible matter are 'separated from the cooler gases and are again passed through the 'combustion zone. The combustion gases which 'are discharged into the chimney are free of any combustible matter -so that the smoke which leaves the chimney is absolutely white and is free of soot, coal dust or the like. In practice it has been found, that the chimney remains absolutely cool, which may be considered proof, that the combustion gases 'discharged from the boiler have all their vheat transferre'd to active heating surfaces.

Referring now to the water tube system 'of the boiler, 'the lower receivers 20 'and 21 vare preferably circular in cross-section and are positioned in the lower left 'and right hand 'corner of the inner `casing, extending horizontally from the 'front toward the rear of the boiler. These yreceiver tubes 20 and 2l project voutwardly from the .front kwall v5 and rear wall 8 respectively fand their `vends Aare iianged and fare closed by removable cover plates which Vfacilitate cleaning of the receivers. The upper receiver' 22 in which the steam separates `from the water, when the boiler is 'used for a steam or vapor heating system, is yof Y`larger .diameter than .the lower receivers 20 vand v2-1 and 'is arranged centrally :in the upper portion of the innercasin'g, Sjust below the top -wall 9, extending horizontally from the front 'toward the rear of the boiler. The ends of said 'upper receiver l22 extend 'through 'the v'outer front ,and rear walls 5 and I8 respectively and are likewise `flanged and 'provided with removable cover `plates 40. Both lower receivers 420 and 21 tare connected with the 'upper receiver '22'by asseries of water tubes v23 of novel for-mation and arrangement. The xwater tubes 23in`eachrow1are spaced `from yone another iln longitudinal directionxof vthe receivers, and one row is lstaggered 'with vrespect Ito the :other row `order that the 'upperiportionsiof the water 'tubes `123 lmaybe arrangedin interlinked relation as will fbe described presently. lIhe ldistance between each two 1water 4tubes V23 zin each zrow is at :least as large as or larger than theoutside diameter of one 'water "tube Y23. Since all ywater itubes .23 are 'arranged andbent in similar fmanner, it is vdeemed -suicient "when Aonly fone water :tube is zdescribed inid'eta'il. The lower vend-of `thezwater tube 23,is

`-w`eldedinto-theuppier 1.wall `of the lower receiver -20"cr21fa`s' thercasezmaybe, and extendsvertically upwardly Aapproximately to :the :height `in which the?upper'edgeofthefopening25V is' located. Then fthetub'el23 isibentalmostfhorizontallyptoward the opposite side wall of the inner casing, when it is bent upwardly and backwardly to form a semicircular bend as shown at 42. The tube 23 eX- tends again almost horizontally toward the opposite side wall of the inner casing and after forming another semi-circular bend 43 it is welded into the lower wall of the upper receiver 22. Attention is called to the fact, that the upper end o-f the sinuously bent tubes 23 are connected to the same side of the upper receiver 22 on which the corresponding lower receiver 20 or 21 is 1ocated, in order to facilitate repairs and replacements. Furthermore, it is to be noted, that those tube sections which extend transversely of the inner casing from one side wall to the other are not arranged absolutely horizontal, but they are positioned somewhat inclined in order to prevent any accumulation lof sediment in these portions of the water tubes. While I have shown water tubes with two semi-circular bends, it is, of course, obvious that more `or less bends may -be provided, to increase or decrease the heating .sur-face of the boiler. It is also obvious, that instead of connecting each lower receiver with one row of water tubes to the upper receiver, I may arrange two or more rows of water tubes connecting each lower receiver with the upper receiver. All these modications are within the scope of my invention.

In the above described manner, all the water tubes 23 are arranged in closely nested relation within the inner casing in which the `.combustion of the y'fuel Atakes place. The hotcornbustion gases which now upwardly have to pass along and through the slot-like spaces formed between the -two .sets of water tubes before leaving the inner casing through the opening 27, so -that the water tubes 23 and upper receiver 22 a-re `heated very efficiently, speedily and economically.

In addition to the 'twoseries of water tubes 23,

there are provided within the inner casing, .adja- Y' cent the front wall 14 and rear lwall -17 thereof specially constructed circulating tubes which .en-

-hance the-.circulationof the water in the boiler and also reinforce the entire watertube system. Each circulating tube comprises va vertical tube section 46connected with its -upper end to the bottom wall ofthe upper receiver 22'and having its lower end dividedin two branches 47 and 48 which .extend horizontally and then again vertical-downwardly to lbe connected with their lowerends to the lower receivers 2() and 2l respectively. Furthermore, the lower -ends of said branch tubes 47 Vand 48 `are -connected with lone another by a horizontal tube 49 (Fig. 1') These circulating tubes, Apreferably have a larger diameter than the water tubes 2-3.

'The other-details of the boiler are conventional. The upper receiver VV22 has at'its ends, in the -top wall thereof Iupwardly extending fittings 50 which project through the top 4wall Sand are connected with-.the endsof a steam or Ahot water header 52. The header 52 is provided with flanged openings '53 adapted to be connected to a hot water heating system-or a steam heating system or the like, it being understood that the boiler may be used with feitherone of the -two -heating systems mentioned.

In order vto supply the vboiler with water, one .of the ylower receivers 20 or 2l is connected by a pipe 54 witha source-of water supply, -e. g., a water main. Ablow oif valve is indicated at 55.

While the boiler inthe described embodiment ls provided with a furnace using hard or soft :oal 4or other solid fuel, I also .contemplate to equip the vboiler with any .other heating device, as .for instance an oil burner or :a :burner for .ric

ffl

gaseous fuel. Regardless of what kind of a fuel will be used in the operation of the boiler, there will always be obtained a great saving of fuel. Furthermore, the boiler is very compact when assembled and requires very little space. For the average home it may be completely assembled at the factory and may be installed very readily and conveniently, as it may be brought in through any average door, so that it is not necessary to tear down permanent walls or the like in order to install the boiler.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a boiler, a combustion chamber haging vertical front, side and rear walls, means forming an annular flue around the vertical walls of said combustion chamber, one side wall having adjacent its upper end an opening to conduct all of the hot gases from said combustion chamber into said annular flue, means within said annular flue for deilecting the gases toward the front wall of said combustion chamber the front wall having baie means and an opening for returning some of the hot gases traveling within said annular flue to the combustion chamber, a discharge conduit into which the rest of the hot gases is conducted by said annular ilue, and tubes within said combustion chamber for heating the water of the boiler, said tubes being heated by the hot gases before the same are discharged into said annular ue.

2. A boiler including a combustion chamber having vertical front, side and rear walls and a top wall completely closing the upper end of said chamber, means forming an annular ue surrounding the outside of the vertical walls of said combustion chamber, said flue having a width extending the entire height of said vertical walls from the bottom thereof to said top wall, one side wall having adjacent its upper end an opening for conducting all of the hot gases from said combustion chamber into said annular ue, the front wall having a baiile and an opening for returning some of the hot gases owing within said annular flue into the combustion chamber, a discharge conduit into which the rest of the hot gases is conducted by said annular flue, and tubes within said combustion chamber for heating the water of the boiler, said tubes being heated by the hot gases before the same are discharged into said annular ue.

3. A boiler including a combustion chamber having a front wall, two side walls, a rear wall and a top wall, said combustion chamber being surrounded by a casing comprising walls which are parallel to and spaced from said front, side and rear wall and covered by said top wall to form an annular flue, one of said side walls having an opening near its upper end for connecting the interior of the combustion chamber with said flue, the iront wall having a bale and an opening near its center for returning some of the combustion gases traveling in said iiue into said combustion chamber, the rear wall of said casing being provided near its lower edge with an opening for connecting said annular flue with a chimney, and tubes within said combustion chamber for heating the water of the boiler by the combustion gases.

4. A boiler including a combustion chamber having a front wall, two side walls, a rear wall and a top wall, said combustion chamber being arranged within a casing having walls parallel to and spaced from said front, side and rear walls, whereby an annular ue is formed having a width of substantially the entire height of the Walls forming said combustion chamber, one of said side walls having adjacent its upper end an opening connecting said combustion chamber with said annular ue, said front wall having an opening near its center and means including a horizontal baille below said opening for dividing the combustion gases traveling along said annular flue in an upper current and a lower ourrent, said upper current being returned into said combustion chamber, the lower current of gases being conducted by said annular flue t0- ward the rear wall of said combustion chamber along the outside of the other side wall of the same, the rear wall of said casing having an opening through which the gases are discharged.

5. In a boiler, the combination of a fire box, an upwardly extending combustion chamber and boiler tubes completely arranged within said combustion chamber, with means forming an annular flue which surrounds said combustion chamber and into which all of the combustion gases are conducted, said flue being connected with the upper end of said combustion chamber, a discharge conduit connected with said annular ue at a point remote from its connection with the combustion chamber, and means within said annular ue for returning a part of the combustion gases traveling in said flue into said combustion chamber for repeated combustion.

6. In a water tube boiler, the combination of a fire box, an upwardly extending combustion chamber and a series of water tubes arranged completely within said combustion chamber, with means forming an annular flue which surrounds said combustion chamber and into which all of the combustion gases are conducted, said flue being connected with the upper end of said combustion chamber and a discharge conduit connected with said annular ue adjacent its lower end, the width of said ue being substantially as great as the height of said combustion chamber, so that the latter is heated from the outside by the combustion gases traveling in said annular flue in substantially circumferential direction.

WILLIAM MCGUINESS.

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