US1957299A - Piezo-electric oscillator - Google Patents
Piezo-electric oscillator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1957299A US1957299A US559424A US55942431A US1957299A US 1957299 A US1957299 A US 1957299A US 559424 A US559424 A US 559424A US 55942431 A US55942431 A US 55942431A US 1957299 A US1957299 A US 1957299A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oscillator
- piezo
- quartz
- turmaline
- oscillators
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/17—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
- H03H9/19—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator consisting of quartz
Definitions
- a further disadvantage of the quartz oscillators is their damping.
- the oscillator In order to maintain the state of oscillation, the oscillator is to be supplied a quantity of energy that corresponds to the damping, which quantity causes a heating and, consequently, no inconsiderable alteration of the frequency of the oscillator, even when the energy transmitted to the air is left out of account. For this reason an oscillator that is to be used as a frequency generator or indicator is required to have the least possible damping.
- the quartz oscillators in use hitherto have a damping which, for the above mentioned reasons, is rather disturbing in many cases.
- the present invention aims at using for particularly short Waves an oscillator which is made of turmaline.
- an oscillator made of this material has a considerably inferior damping and therefore is highly Superior to the quartz oscillator.
- the difference may be proved by the following example.
- FIG. 1 illustrates on an enlarged scale an example of the invention in a cross section and in a view.
- Figures 1 and 2 represent a thin circular disc of turmaline a.
- the optical axis Z-Z is perpendicular to the disc, however it may be more or less inclined to this disc. The oscillations take place in the direction of the optical axis.
- a piezo-electric oscillator or resonator being a disc of turmaline, the thickness of this disc being at most 0.25 mm.
- a piezo-electric oscillator or resonator according to claim 1 the axis of this oscillator being substantially parallel to the optical axis.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
Description
May 1, 1934- H. sTRAuBi-:L 1,957,299
PIEZO-ELECTRIC OSCILLATOR Filed Aug. 26, 1931 Inventor:
W WM
Patented May l 19 34 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PIEZO-ELECTRIC OSCILLATOR Application August 26, 1931, Serial No. 559,424 In Germany April 1, 1931 2 Claims. (Cl. 171-327) Exciting piezo-electric oscillators or resonators is effected by means of electron valves. The oscillator is generally disposed between the grid and the cathode of the valve and the requisite feed 5 back is effected over the capacity between the grid and the anode. This feed back sufiices for thin quartz oscillators (high frequencies) and comparatively low amplitudes. However, when longer Waves (Waves exceeding I400 meters), that is to say lower frequencies, are concerned, this kind of excitation is no longer of any avail. This disadvantage may be overcome by connecting several valves in parallel, which gives the curve a greater inclination. However, in most cases it is necessary to use an additional capacitive or inductive feed back either alone or in connection with this means, the consequence being that the oscillator is coupled more rigidly to the oscillation circuit of the anode. With Stronger coupling the oscillator becomes more and more dependent on the working condition of the valve and on the frequency of the circuit of the anode and, therefore, the produced frequency is no longer determined by the dimensions of the oscillator and its physical properties alone.
A further disadvantage of the quartz oscillators is their damping. In order to maintain the state of oscillation, the oscillator is to be supplied a quantity of energy that corresponds to the damping, which quantity causes a heating and, consequently, no inconsiderable alteration of the frequency of the oscillator, even when the energy transmitted to the air is left out of account. For this reason an oscillator that is to be used as a frequency generator or indicator is required to have the least possible damping. In spite of their good qualities the quartz oscillators in use hitherto have a damping which, for the above mentioned reasons, is rather disturbing in many cases.
As the disadvantages inherent in the use of quartz are especially disturbing when wavelengths less than 40 meters are concerned, the present invention aims at using for particularly short Waves an oscillator which is made of turmaline. The inventer has found out that an oscillator made of this material has a considerably inferior damping and therefore is highly Superior to the quartz oscillator. The difference may be proved by the following example. When two oscillators, one of quartz and one of turmaline, the natural frequency of which was approximately 130 k. c. each, Were supplied equal energies and voltages, the quartz oscillator arrived at its maximal ampltude of oscillation in an imperceptibly short time whereas it took the turmaline approximately one half second.
The most favorable conditions of oscillation were obtained by using as an oscillator a cylinder the axis of which was adjusted parallel or practically parallel to the optical axis of the turmaline. With oscillators of this kind the form of the cross section perpendicular to the cylinder axis has proved to be of nearly no moment whatever. Nearby frequencies (shaking of the disc) do not appear even when extremely short cylinders (thin discs) are used. Turmaline oscillators are therefore quite different from quartz oscillators of equal dimensions, which do not supply any uniform frequency. On the whole, turmaline has the tendency to effect shaking oscillations (nearby frequencies) in a much lesser degree than quartz.
The accompanying drawing illustrates on an enlarged scale an example of the invention in a cross section and in a view. Figures 1 and 2 represent a thin circular disc of turmaline a. In the example according to the drawing the optical axis Z-Z is perpendicular to the disc, however it may be more or less inclined to this disc. The oscillations take place in the direction of the optical axis.
I claim:
1. A piezo-electric oscillator or resonator being a disc of turmaline, the thickness of this disc being at most 0.25 mm.
2. A piezo-electric oscillator or resonator according to claim 1, the axis of this oscillator being substantially parallel to the optical axis.
HARALD STRAUBEL.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1957299X | 1931-04-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1957299A true US1957299A (en) | 1934-05-01 |
Family
ID=7781926
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US559424A Expired - Lifetime US1957299A (en) | 1931-04-01 | 1931-08-26 | Piezo-electric oscillator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1957299A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2456831A (en) * | 1947-08-20 | 1948-12-21 | Brush Dev Co | Crystal seed and method of obtaining it |
| US2481806A (en) * | 1947-08-07 | 1949-09-13 | John M Wolfskill | Piezoelectric crystal holder |
| US2539561A (en) * | 1946-12-13 | 1951-01-30 | John M Wolfskill | Piezoelectric crystal lapping apparatus |
-
1931
- 1931-08-26 US US559424A patent/US1957299A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2539561A (en) * | 1946-12-13 | 1951-01-30 | John M Wolfskill | Piezoelectric crystal lapping apparatus |
| US2481806A (en) * | 1947-08-07 | 1949-09-13 | John M Wolfskill | Piezoelectric crystal holder |
| US2456831A (en) * | 1947-08-20 | 1948-12-21 | Brush Dev Co | Crystal seed and method of obtaining it |
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