US1955825A - Method of spinning - Google Patents
Method of spinning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1955825A US1955825A US491912A US49191230A US1955825A US 1955825 A US1955825 A US 1955825A US 491912 A US491912 A US 491912A US 49191230 A US49191230 A US 49191230A US 1955825 A US1955825 A US 1955825A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spinning
- pigment
- dope
- filaments
- cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 46
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 alumi-/ num oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(6+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+6].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CZVHCFKUXGRABC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 CZVHCFKUXGRABC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XBJJRSFLZVLCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);diborate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] XBJJRSFLZVLCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001761 ethyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GSPPYQYDYGNLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(4-benzamidophenyl)phenyl]benzamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GSPPYQYDYGNLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSUYFWWFUVGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ylurea Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NC(=O)N)=CC=CC2=C1 FVSUYFWWFUVGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013225 prussian blue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B tin(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/04—Dry spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
- D01D1/065—Addition and mixing of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt; Homogenising
Definitions
- This inveniton relates to the preparation of artificial filaments, yarns and other textile materials and relates more particularly to the method of and means for producing colored or pigmented yarn in a commercially feasible manner.
- An object of my invention is to provide method of and means for preparing artificial filaments or yarns having any desired pigment therein whereby filaments or yarns of a variety of colors 10 may be produced in small units. Further objects of my invention will appear from the following detailed description.
- the filaments made in accordance with this invention may be of fine size which are associated together by twisting to form yarn, or the filaments may be heavier, such as bristles, artificial horsehair and straw.
- Such filaments may be made of reconstituted'cellulose by the viscose, cuprammonium, Chardonnet or other process, but this invention is of' particular importance in conneotion with filaments made of organic derivatives of cellulose such as organic esters of cellulose and cellulose others. Examples of organic esters of celiulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate,
- the filaments containing the organic derivative of cellulose may be prepared by dissolving the organic derivative of cellulose in a volatile solvent such as acetone and extruding such solutions through fine orifices into an evaporative atmosphere, as in dry spinning, or into a precipitating bath as in wet spinning.
- This pigment may be white to obtain subdued lustre and increased.
- white inorganic pigments are tin oxide, tin phosphate, antimony oxide, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, lead sulfate, cal-; cium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, alumi-/ num oxide, silicon dioxide, barium borate, calcium borate or silicates such as china. clay or othet clays,. talc or mica.
- the pigment may be of organic nature such as diacetyl benzidine, diacetyl toluidine, dibenzoyl benzidine, naphthyl urea, anthraquinone, anthracene or suitable synthetic or natural resins.
- suitable colored inorganic pigment may be employed to obtain the desired color or shade.
- a yellow color ochre, sienna, chrome yellow, tin bronze, etc. may be employed.
- a red color Venetian red, red lead, vermillion, etc. may be employed.
- a blue color ultramarine, Prussian blue, Milori blue, etc. may be used.
- green Guignets green, verdigris, chrome green may be employed.
- brown raw umber, burnt umber or-Vandyke brown may be used.
- finely divided or colloidal metals may be employed.
- shading that is to get darker colors, lamp black, graphite or other black pigment may be added.
- the pigments may be mixed as is well understood in the paint art.
- the pigment is preferably added to the dope or spinning solution containing the cellulose com pound in the form of a concentrated suspension in a liquid.
- the amount of pigment added will vary with a. degree of subdued lustre and the depth of color desired and the nature of the pigment employed and will generally be from 0.1 to 10% of the weight of the cellulosic material present in the'finished yarn.
- the pigment is preferably in very fine form, the particles having a diameter of less than 0.1 to 5 microns for increased covering power. It is of importance to have the pigment of very fine sizein order to obtain the desired depth of color without the necessity of incorporating such a large amount 1 of pigment as to deleteriously affect the strength and the other properties of the yarn.
- This-fine size may be obtained by grinding the inorganic colored pigment either with water, an oil, part oi the spinning solution, or the solventused in 120 the spinning solution in a ball mill or colloid mill
- the concentrated suspension of the pigment is added to the spinning solution at a point near the spinning jets or the individual spinning cells.
- the addition of the pigment at a point closer to or more remote from the spinning jet is not excluded.
- Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of a spinning cell
- Figure 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, showing one form of means for adding the pigment to the spinning dope.
- 1 indicates the spinning cells, there usually being a plurality of such cells, say 5 to 50, to a spinning unit.
- spinning jets 2 from which the filaments 3 are extruded into the drying evaporative atmosphere of the spinning cell.
- the drying evaporative atmosphere comprises air which is drawn through the valve 4 at the bottom of the cell past the heated pipes 5 to the outlet pipe 6 connected to a suction device.
- the spinning solution or dope is supplied to the spinning jets 2 from the header 7 by means of the pumps 8 which feed a uniform, constant and measured amount of dope to the spinning jets.
- a vessel 9 For supplying a measured amount of pigment to the spinning dope, a vessel 9 is provided for containing the concentrated suspension of the pigment.
- This suspension of pigment is drawn through pipe 10 by means of a pump 11 to the spinning dope pipe 12 which is supplied with the spinning dope by the pump 13 from supply pipe 14.
- The'pumps 11 and 13 are proportional feed pumps so that the ratio of amount of suspension of pigment and spinning dope supply is constant.
- the mixture of spinning dope and pigment passes to the mixer 15 which is adapted to mix the same thoroughly to form a completely homogeneous mass, and this mixture is pumped by pump 16 to the header 7.
- a pressure release valve 17 and return pipe 18 are provided, so that as the pump 16 feeds more dope than is used in the spinning cells, the valve 17 opens and the excess dope is returned by the pipe 18 to the feed side of the pump 16.
- the operation may be as folows.
- a solution consisting of one 1) part by weight of acetone-soluble cellulose acetate and three (3) parts by Weight of acetone is supplied by the pipe 14.
- A' suspension of finely divided pigment in a solution of cellulose acetate of the' same concentration is placed in the vessel 9.
- the pumps 11 and 13 are of such size and are driven at such a relative rate, that the amount of spinning solution and suspension of pigment supplied is such that the arnount of pigment added is from 0.5 to 10% of the weight of the total amount of cellulose acetate present.
- the spinning dope or solution containing the pigment is then passed to the mixer 15 where it is thoroughly mixed to form a homogeneous mass and then pumped by pump 16 t0- .the header 7.
- the pump 16 pumps more dope than is actually used in the spinning cells, and the excess is returned through the valve 17 and pipe 18. From the header 7 the pigmented spinning dope is supplied in measured and uniform amount by the pumps 8 to the spinning jets 2, and the filaments 3 formed are drawn through current of heated air in the spinning cells 1 and are then drawn oii and Wound.
- Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing a pigment comprising adding a pigment to the spinning solution shortly be-"f fore it reaches the spinning jet and then spinningthe same.
- Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing cellulose acetate and a pigment comprising adding a pigment to the spinning solution containing cellulose acetate shortly before it reaches the spinning jet and then spinning the same.
- Metliod of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing a pigment comprising adding a pigment to the spinning solution shortly before it reaches the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the resulting mixture to form a homogeneous mass and then spinning the same.
- Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing a finely divided pigment comprising adding a definite amount of a finely divided pigment to a spinning solution while in transit to a spinning machine and shortly before it reaches the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the same and then spinning the spinning solution.
- Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing cellulose acetate and a finely divided pigment comprising adding a definite amount of finely divided pigment to a spinning solution while in transit to a spinning machine and shortly before it reaches the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the same and then, spinning the spinning solution.
- Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns comprising causing a stream of liquid containing a finely divided pigment and a stream of spinning solution to flow together in constant ratio shortly before they reach the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the two streams and then spinning the resulting mixture.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
c. w. PALMER METHOD SPINNING Filed Oct. 29. 1930 INVENTOR CHARLES W- PALMER I 3 1: #Mm
ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 24, 1934 Miran STATES METHOD OF SPINNING Charles W. Palmer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application October 29, 1930, Serial No. 491,912
6 Claims.
This inveniton relates to the preparation of artificial filaments, yarns and other textile materials and relates more particularly to the method of and means for producing colored or pigmented yarn in a commercially feasible manner.
An object of my invention is to provide method of and means for preparing artificial filaments or yarns having any desired pigment therein whereby filaments or yarns of a variety of colors 10 may be produced in small units. Further objects of my invention will appear from the following detailed description.
Artificial yarns and filaments have been dyed with organic materials known as dyes. These dyestuffs vary in light-fastness but even those dyes which are almost light-fast fade when exposed to sunlight for a prolonged period. This relative lack of permanence of color is a Very serious matter in the case of drapery fabrics that are exposed to sunlight. It would he, therefore, desirable to incorporate finely divided colored inorganic or mineral pigments which have almost unlimited fastness to light in the artificial filaments or yarn by adding the same to the spinning dope or solution from which they are formed. However the addition of colored material to the dope or solution presents serious difiiculties in commercial operation. This is due to the fact that if a variety of differently colored yarns is to be made, it would be analmost hopeless task to keep the various colored spinning dope separate and a separate elaborate system of filters, pipe lines, pumps, etc. would be required for each color, as the cleaning of such systems thoroughly for a different colored dope is entirely too laborious and expensive to be commercially practicable.
I have found that the above difliculties may be avoided by adding the desired pigment to the spinning dope at a point near the spinning jet so that if a dope containing a different pigment is to be spun, a comparatively small amount of apparatus requires cleaning.
In accordance with my invention I prepare artificial filaments containing finely divided pigments by adding the pigments to a spinning solution at a point near the spinning jet from which it is extruded.
The filaments made in accordance with this invention may be of fine size which are associated together by twisting to form yarn, or the filaments may be heavier, such as bristles, artificial horsehair and straw. Such filaments may be made of reconstituted'cellulose by the viscose, cuprammonium, Chardonnet or other process, but this invention is of' particular importance in conneotion with filaments made of organic derivatives of cellulose such as organic esters of cellulose and cellulose others. Examples of organic esters of celiulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate,
cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose. The filaments containing the organic derivative of cellulose may be prepared by dissolving the organic derivative of cellulose in a volatile solvent such as acetone and extruding such solutions through fine orifices into an evaporative atmosphere, as in dry spinning, or into a precipitating bath as in wet spinning.
As stated, I add a finely divided pigment to the spinning solution or dope. This pigment may be white to obtain subdued lustre and increased.
opacity. Examples of white inorganic pigments are tin oxide, tin phosphate, antimony oxide, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, lead sulfate, cal-; cium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, alumi-/ num oxide, silicon dioxide, barium borate, calcium borate or silicates such as china. clay or othet clays,. talc or mica. The pigment may be of organic nature such as diacetyl benzidine, diacetyl toluidine, dibenzoyl benzidine, naphthyl urea, anthraquinone, anthracene or suitable synthetic or natural resins.
If desired suitable colored inorganic pigment may be employed to obtain the desired color or shade. For a yellow color, ochre, sienna, chrome yellow, tin bronze, etc. may be employed. For a red color, Venetian red, red lead, vermillion, etc. may be employed. For a blue color, ultramarine, Prussian blue, Milori blue, etc. may be used. For green, Guignets green, verdigris, chrome green may be employed. For brown, raw umber, burnt umber or-Vandyke brown may be used. To obtain metallic effects, finely divided or colloidal metals may be employed. For shading, that is to get darker colors, lamp black, graphite or other black pigment may be added. To obtain any other colors, the pigments may be mixed as is well understood in the paint art.
The pigment is preferably added to the dope or spinning solution containing the cellulose com pound in the form of a concentrated suspension in a liquid. The amount of pigment added will vary with a. degree of subdued lustre and the depth of color desired and the nature of the pigment employed and will generally be from 0.1 to 10% of the weight of the cellulosic material present in the'finished yarn. The pigment is preferably in very fine form, the particles having a diameter of less than 0.1 to 5 microns for increased covering power. It is of importance to have the pigment of very fine sizein order to obtain the desired depth of color without the necessity of incorporating such a large amount 1 of pigment as to deleteriously affect the strength and the other properties of the yarn. This-fine size may be obtained by grinding the inorganic colored pigment either with water, an oil, part oi the spinning solution, or the solventused in 120 the spinning solution in a ball mill or colloid mill As stated the concentrated suspension of the pigment is added to the spinning solution at a point near the spinning jets or the individual spinning cells. For convenience I prefer to add the suspension of pigment to the header that supplies a unit containing a relatively small number of spinning cells. However, the addition of the pigment at a point closer to or more remote from the spinning jet is not excluded.
In order further to illustrate this invention, reference is had to the accompanying drawing, illustrating one of the many embodiments of my invention, wherein Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of a spinning cell and Figure 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, showing one form of means for adding the pigment to the spinning dope.
On the drawing, 1 indicates the spinning cells, there usually being a plurality of such cells, say 5 to 50, to a spinning unit. Within each spinning cell 1, there are spinning jets 2, from which the filaments 3 are extruded into the drying evaporative atmosphere of the spinning cell. The drying evaporative atmosphere comprises air which is drawn through the valve 4 at the bottom of the cell past the heated pipes 5 to the outlet pipe 6 connected to a suction device.
The spinning solution or dope is supplied to the spinning jets 2 from the header 7 by means of the pumps 8 which feed a uniform, constant and measured amount of dope to the spinning jets.
For supplying a measured amount of pigment to the spinning dope, a vessel 9 is provided for containing the concentrated suspension of the pigment. This suspension of pigment is drawn through pipe 10 by means of a pump 11 to the spinning dope pipe 12 which is supplied with the spinning dope by the pump 13 from supply pipe 14. The'pumps 11 and 13 are proportional feed pumps so that the ratio of amount of suspension of pigment and spinning dope supply is constant.
. On the drawingthese pumps are shown as gear pumps which are driven by the same chain, the amount of pigment suspension supplied by the pump 11 being considerably less than the amount of dope supplied by pump 13.
The mixture of spinning dope and pigment passes to the mixer 15 which is adapted to mix the same thoroughly to form a completely homogeneous mass, and this mixture is pumped by pump 16 to the header 7. To maintain a constant pressure of the spinning dope in the header 7 and to prevent the pumping of more dope to the spinning cells than is consumed in the spinning operationQa pressure release valve 17 and return pipe 18 are provided, so that as the pump 16 feeds more dope than is used in the spinning cells, the valve 17 opens and the excess dope is returned by the pipe 18 to the feed side of the pump 16.
1 By way of example, the operation may be as folows.
A solution consisting of one 1) part by weight of acetone-soluble cellulose acetate and three (3) parts by Weight of acetone is supplied by the pipe 14. A' suspension of finely divided pigment in a solution of cellulose acetate of the' same concentration is placed in the vessel 9. The pumps 11 and 13 are of such size and are driven at such a relative rate, that the amount of spinning solution and suspension of pigment supplied is such that the arnount of pigment added is from 0.5 to 10% of the weight of the total amount of cellulose acetate present. The spinning dope or solution containing the pigment is then passed to the mixer 15 where it is thoroughly mixed to form a homogeneous mass and then pumped by pump 16 t0- .the header 7. The pump 16 pumps more dope than is actually used in the spinning cells, and the excess is returned through the valve 17 and pipe 18. From the header 7 the pigmented spinning dope is supplied in measured and uniform amount by the pumps 8 to the spinning jets 2, and the filaments 3 formed are drawn through current of heated air in the spinning cells 1 and are then drawn oii and Wound.
It will thus be seen by this invention a large variety of colored or pigmented filaments or yarns may be made in a relatively small number of spinning units. Moreover because the pigment is supplied at a point near the spinning jets, if
it is desired to change the nature of the pigment supplied, only a relatively small amount of apparatus need be cleaned. It is thus possible to make yarn having any desired pigment upon short notice so that the necessity of stocking a large amount of various colored yarn is avoided.
It is to be understood that the foregoing description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein, without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing a pigment comprising adding a pigment to the spinning solution shortly be-"f fore it reaches the spinning jet and then spinningthe same.
2. Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing cellulose acetate and a pigment comprising adding a pigment to the spinning solution containing cellulose acetate shortly before it reaches the spinning jet and then spinning the same.
3. Metliod of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing a pigment comprising adding a pigment to the spinning solution shortly before it reaches the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the resulting mixture to form a homogeneous mass and then spinning the same.
4. Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing a finely divided pigment comprising adding a definite amount of a finely divided pigment to a spinning solution while in transit to a spinning machine and shortly before it reaches the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the same and then spinning the spinning solution.
5. Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns containing cellulose acetate and a finely divided pigment comprising adding a definite amount of finely divided pigment to a spinning solution while in transit to a spinning machine and shortly before it reaches the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the same and then, spinning the spinning solution. 3
6. Method of forming artificial filaments or yarns comprising causing a stream of liquid containing a finely divided pigment and a stream of spinning solution to flow together in constant ratio shortly before they reach the spinning jet, thoroughly mixing the two streams and then spinning the resulting mixture.
CHARLES W. PALMER.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US491912A US1955825A (en) | 1930-10-29 | 1930-10-29 | Method of spinning |
GB29211/31A GB374356A (en) | 1930-10-29 | 1931-10-21 | Improvements in or relating to processes and apparatus for the production of artificial filaments, films and similar products |
FR725385D FR725385A (en) | 1930-10-29 | 1931-10-28 | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of artificial filaments, films and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US491912A US1955825A (en) | 1930-10-29 | 1930-10-29 | Method of spinning |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1955825A true US1955825A (en) | 1934-04-24 |
Family
ID=26716990
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US491912A Expired - Lifetime US1955825A (en) | 1930-10-29 | 1930-10-29 | Method of spinning |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1955825A (en) |
FR (1) | FR725385A (en) |
GB (1) | GB374356A (en) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2571457A (en) * | 1950-10-23 | 1951-10-16 | Ladisch Rolf Karl | Method of spinning filaments |
US2586046A (en) * | 1949-01-28 | 1952-02-19 | William C Huebner | Filament forming apparatus |
US2598066A (en) * | 1947-11-07 | 1952-05-27 | Oscar Kohorn & Co Ltd | Method for the production of pigmented rayon |
US2735782A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | Stabilized pigmented cellulose acetate- | ||
DE946181C (en) * | 1941-04-06 | 1956-07-26 | Julius Lindenmeyer Dr Ing | Process for the production of bandages with a content of surface-active substances |
US2758004A (en) * | 1951-12-14 | 1956-08-07 | Courtaulds Ltd | Spinning viscose containing resorcinol-formaldehyde |
US2796656A (en) * | 1952-09-06 | 1957-06-25 | American Viscose Corp | Modified regenerated cellulose articles and method for making the same |
US2801440A (en) * | 1953-05-08 | 1957-08-06 | American Viscose Corp | Extrusion apparatus |
US2815033A (en) * | 1954-02-08 | 1957-12-03 | American Viscose Corp | Alternate flow control for fluid streams |
US2815532A (en) * | 1953-05-25 | 1957-12-10 | American Viscose Corp | Spinneret mixing element |
US2838792A (en) * | 1952-11-20 | 1958-06-17 | Celanese Corp | Production of filaments |
US2941970A (en) * | 1955-06-08 | 1960-06-21 | Chemstrand Corp | Method for dispersion of pigments in acrylonitrile polymer solutions |
US3002252A (en) * | 1953-07-09 | 1961-10-03 | Scheyer Emanuel | Method of producing heat reflective fabric |
US3881850A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-05-06 | Eastman Kodak Co | Melt spinning tower module and circular melt spin block therefor |
US5516476A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1996-05-14 | Hills, Inc, | Process for making a fiber containing an additive |
WO2000022208A1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Cabot Corporation | Polymeric fibers and spinning processes for making said polymeric fibers |
US20110040029A1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2011-02-17 | Josef Glaser | Mixture, especially spinning solution |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE924527C (en) * | 1943-07-04 | 1955-03-03 | Spinnfaser A G | Process for improving the production of hollow or artificial viscose threads or fibers containing chambers |
US2895843A (en) * | 1957-02-05 | 1959-07-21 | Rhodiaceta | Process for incorporating titanium dioxide into cellulose ester solutions dissolved in aliphatic acids |
-
1930
- 1930-10-29 US US491912A patent/US1955825A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1931
- 1931-10-21 GB GB29211/31A patent/GB374356A/en not_active Expired
- 1931-10-28 FR FR725385D patent/FR725385A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2735782A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | Stabilized pigmented cellulose acetate- | ||
DE946181C (en) * | 1941-04-06 | 1956-07-26 | Julius Lindenmeyer Dr Ing | Process for the production of bandages with a content of surface-active substances |
US2598066A (en) * | 1947-11-07 | 1952-05-27 | Oscar Kohorn & Co Ltd | Method for the production of pigmented rayon |
US2586046A (en) * | 1949-01-28 | 1952-02-19 | William C Huebner | Filament forming apparatus |
US2571457A (en) * | 1950-10-23 | 1951-10-16 | Ladisch Rolf Karl | Method of spinning filaments |
US2758004A (en) * | 1951-12-14 | 1956-08-07 | Courtaulds Ltd | Spinning viscose containing resorcinol-formaldehyde |
US2796656A (en) * | 1952-09-06 | 1957-06-25 | American Viscose Corp | Modified regenerated cellulose articles and method for making the same |
US2838792A (en) * | 1952-11-20 | 1958-06-17 | Celanese Corp | Production of filaments |
US2801440A (en) * | 1953-05-08 | 1957-08-06 | American Viscose Corp | Extrusion apparatus |
US2815532A (en) * | 1953-05-25 | 1957-12-10 | American Viscose Corp | Spinneret mixing element |
US3002252A (en) * | 1953-07-09 | 1961-10-03 | Scheyer Emanuel | Method of producing heat reflective fabric |
US2815033A (en) * | 1954-02-08 | 1957-12-03 | American Viscose Corp | Alternate flow control for fluid streams |
US2941970A (en) * | 1955-06-08 | 1960-06-21 | Chemstrand Corp | Method for dispersion of pigments in acrylonitrile polymer solutions |
US3881850A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-05-06 | Eastman Kodak Co | Melt spinning tower module and circular melt spin block therefor |
US5516476A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1996-05-14 | Hills, Inc, | Process for making a fiber containing an additive |
US5851562A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1998-12-22 | Hills, Inc. | Instant mixer spin pack |
WO2000022208A1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Cabot Corporation | Polymeric fibers and spinning processes for making said polymeric fibers |
US6497953B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2002-12-24 | Cabot Corporation | Polymeric fibers and spinning processes for making said polymeric fibers |
US20110040029A1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2011-02-17 | Josef Glaser | Mixture, especially spinning solution |
US8709272B2 (en) | 2007-08-16 | 2014-04-29 | Helfenberger Immobilien Llc & Co Textilforschungs- Und Entwicklungs Keg | Mixture, especially spinning solution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR725385A (en) | 1932-05-11 |
GB374356A (en) | 1932-06-09 |
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