US1954873A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

April 17, 1934. J. H. GWATHMEY GAS BURNER Filed Feb. 23, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l dosPH H. GWHTHMEY April 17, ,Jh H' GWATHMEY GAS BURNER Filed Feb. 23, 1932 3 sheets-sheet 2 0' nventor fw GWA-MMU l 'ornegs 'April 17, 1934. J. H. GwATHME-Y 1,954,873

GAS BURNER Filed Feb. 23,4,1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 :Syventor tornegs :JOSEPH lv. GWATHMEY v Patented Apr. l 7,; 1934 v UNITED STATES ,PATENT 'oFFics GAS BURNER Josephl H. Gwathmey, Harrisonville, Mo..

Application February 23, 1932, Serial No. 594,466 16 Claims. (Cl. 16S-110) hollow, whirling, conical ame which surrounds,.

and is itself surrounded by streams of air which are caused to whirl in Aa direction opposite to 15 that of the burning fuel gas. By this expedient an abundant supply of oxygen is brought to all parts of the flame, thereby insuring complete combustion of the fuel.

Another object is to provide a single inlet opening, and a single control means for both the inner and outer streams of air.

Yet another object of my invention resides in an improved burner construction which permits certain parts thereof to be readily detached and removed from the boiler or furnace, for cleaning purposes.

Since the portion of the burner adjacent to the name may, over a long period of use, become damaged as by heat corrosion, it is an object of the present invention to provide a burner with a separable orifice member which may be readily removed and replaced when necessary, and which provides for interchangeability of orifice members to meet differing fuel characteristics, such as varying fuel pressures, heat content, etc. p

Other objects and advantages will appear from the detailed description which follows, and from the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 of which is a horizontal sectional view taken longitudinally through the burner; Fig. .2 is a verticall section taken through the longitudinal axis o'f the burner; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a front View ofthe burner; Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional views taken respectively along the lines 5-5 and 6-6 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 7 is a fragmentary plan view of an orice ring which is detachably secured to and forms part of the burner head.

Referring now by characters of reference to the drawings, particularly Figs. 1, 2 and 3, a tubular housing or sleeve 11 is provided near one end with a series of radially diSDOSed Valls 12, WhiCh extend radially between a pair of concentrically assembly, consisting of vanes 12 and ring portions 10 and 13, by preference, is separable from the sleeve 11. Screws 9, extending through the ring portion 10'for threaded engagement with the sleeve, serve to secure the vane assembly to the sleeve. The annular portion 113 is adapted snugly to accommodate the forward or head end 'of an inner burner unit, comprising body and headcastings to be hereinafter described. The vanes 12 are sloped or pitched, as best appears in Fig. 4, to impart a rotary or whirling motion to a stream of air which normally flows out of the burner between the lsleeve 11 and the portion 13` `The sleeve or housing 11 is adapted to be positioned within and through the wall of a fur- 70 nace or boiler, which is indicated at 14, Fig. 1, the vaned end of the sleeve being disposed ltowards the inner surface of the furnace Wall. By preference, the sleeve is varranged for permanent or semi-permanent installation in the furnace 5 of which is divided, as by an annular partition or shell 16, into two concentric chambers or passages 17 and 18. The outermost end of the shell 85 16 is closed, converging to a point located at the discharge end of the Venturi passage in the body It may thus be observed that three separate, and Asubstantially concentric passageways are formed within the sleeve or housing member 11. These passages, numbered 17, 18 and 19, will be yhereinafter termed inner, intermediate and outer passages, respectively.

As will be hereinafter more fully explained, a mixture of gas and air is delivered to the head member through the intermediate passage 18. Combustion of the mixture takes place in an atmosphere of air which is largely supplied through the inner andouterpassages 17 and 19. Thus a portion of the air drawn into the mouth of the tubular casing 11, and into the outer passage 19 is conductedto the inner passage 17 through a pair. of pipes 20, disposed at opposite sides of the burner-body. The forward, or receiving ends of the pipes 20, have a trend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axisjof the burner, the open ends of the pipes being disposed, to receive a portion of the air flowing into the passage 19.

The air received by the pipes is directed inwardly, flowing substantially transversely through the intermediate or fuel passage 18, to the inner passage 17.

The burner head, consisting preferably of an annular casting 21, is adapted to t the forward end of the Venturi body 15 and is detachably secured thereto as by means of threaded elementsv or bolts 22. Extending between concentric ring portions 23 and 24 of the head member, which rings are arranged to form continuations, respectively, of the Venturi tube 15 and the inner shell 16, are a series of radially disposed vanes'25. These vanes are lset obliquely, or sloped to cause the fuel gas to be emitted from the burner headjin a whirling stream. The direction of rotation of this stream is opposite to that of the air` stream discharged from the outer passage 19, since the vanes 25 are sloped oppositely to the vanes 12. Similarly, a series of vanes 26 are provided for whirling the inner air stream, the vanes 26 extending radially between an outwardly divergent,

. conical hub portion 27 and the ring 24. The

the fuel vanes 26 are pitched to cause the inner stream to be rotated in a counter-direction as compared with the fuel gas which flows out of the burner from the intermediate passage 18. Annular flanges 28on the head member 21 are adapted to embrace the frontal margins of the body member, and these members are secured together as has been previously mentioned, by the bolts 22 which extend through apertures in laterally projecting lugs 29, formed on the head and body castings.

An orifice ring 30, arranged for disposal partially within the annular space between the ring portions 23 and 24 of the burner head, is adapted for attachment to that member by means 4of bolts 31 extending through the orifice ring and engaging ear portions 32 formed on certain of the vanes 25. The outer and inner side surfaces of the orifice ring are ridged, so that spaces between adjacent ridges 33, form ports for the exit of gas from the passage between the ring portions 23 and 24. The ridges 33 are preferably inclined with respect to the axis of the orifice ring, in the same direction as vanes 25. The provision of the member 30 greatly improves the operation of the burner, since by breaking up the stream of fuel gas into a plurality of individual streams, resulting, in the present example, from. the spaced ports formed between the ridges 33, a morethorough intermixing of the fuel gas with the surrounding air is accomplished. As best appears from Fig. 1, the orifice ring is formed with a sloping outer side, which causes the streams of gas to be discharged outwardly from the burner head and into the air stream issuing from the passage 19. The air stream from the inner passage 17 is directed,` by

, the conical hub portion 27, outwardly towards the stream of gas. The tendency for the gas to intermix with the secondary air is greatly increased by reason of their oppositely whirling movements;

Extending across the mouth of the venturi is a bracket 34 which is apertured to receive and arranged to support a gas nozzle 35. As best appears in Fig. 1the nozzle orifice faces the tapered end portion of the shell 16. The nozzle, preferably designed to discharge the gas from the orifice in a hollow, funnel-shaped stream, directs the gas into the annular passage 18 without undue impingement against, or direct impact upon the wall of the shell 16. In accordance with well known principles, due to the veent example, is carried by the pipe 36 and ar-` ranged for axial adjusting movement relative to the Venturi mouth, a set screw 38 serving to secure the plate in adjusted position.

For controlling the supply of secondary air, which is drawn into the mouth of the casing or sleeve 11 and which thereafter becomes divided into `inner and outer streams heretofore mentioned, an assembly of segmental shuttter plates 39 is provided at the mouth of the sleeve, each thereof being mounted for pivotal movement on a ring frame 40, disposed internally of the sleeve. This closure assembly is secured to the sleeve by screws which extend through the ring frame 40 into the sleeve. lConjoint movement of the shutters and control of the secondary air streams is obtained by the provision of an actuating rod 42 (Figs. 2 and 3) disposed for sliding movement parallel to the axis of the Venturi tube body 15.,

vcontrol rod is limited in its inward movement,

by the abutment of the cross head 44 against the innermost eye lug 43, which is arranged to occur when the shutter assembly is in closed position.

An important advantage of the present invention resides in the ease with which the burner may be installed, and in the ease with which those portions of the burner requiring periodic attention maybe removed and replaced` in the furnace or boiler. As has been previously stated, the sleeve or housing member l1 is designed to constitute a permanent part ofthe furnace and by preference, is bricked in place when the furf nace is built. 'Ihe removable portions of the burner, which include the body and head castings l5 and 21, respectively, and the segmental shutter assembly, may be readily disengaged and withdrawn from the sleeve l1. The inner unit, conannular portion 13 which preferably forms an integral part of the housing. A pair of oppositely disposed, internal lugs 47 on the sleeve 11 are arranged for seating or supporting engagement by the laterally projecting pipe arms 20. No threaded connection need be employed for securing the position of the inner unit.

Although designed for a long period of serv ice, the part of the burner most susceptible to damage by heat corrosion is the orifice ring. This member is made separable from the burner headwto permit of its replacement in case of cracking or corrosion.

summarizing, for purposes of completeness, the operation of my improved burner, gas, preferably under substantial pressure, is delivered to the nozzle 35 and discharged therefrom in a funnellike stream into the mouth of the venturi. Primary air, drawnby injectoraction of the venturi into the burner through the opening between the Venturi mouth and the closure plate 37, becomes intermixed with the gas during its passage through the Venturi throat4 and the annular intermediate passage 18. This mixture, due to the vanes 25 and the pitched orifices, issues from the burner head in a highly divided stream having whirling as well as forward motion. The forward motion of the fuel mixture, in addition to the draft, normally present in the furnace,

causes secondary air to be drawn into the mouth of the housing or sleeve 1l, through'the adjustable shutter plates 39. A portion of this air is collected and delivered through the pipes 20 to the inner passage 17. Both inner and outer air streams issue from the burner head with a rotary motion, the direction of which is opposed to that of the fuel gas, causing a thorough intermixing of air and fuel which results in perfect combustion.

While :my invention has been described with reference to a particular, presently preferred embodiment, I fully understand that various changes may be made in the burnerherein shown and described Without departing from the spirit and full intended scope of my invention.

1. A gas burner comprising a tubular body having annular partitions forming inner, intermediate, and outer coaxial passageways therethrough, and means disposed near one end of said body member for discharging fluids conducted through adjacent passageways, vin oppositely whirling streams.

2. A gas burner comprising a .tubular body having annular partitions forming inner, intermediate and outer coaxial passageways therethrough, means disposed near one end of said body member for discharging fluid conducted through adiacent passageways, in oppositely whirling streams, said means adapted to direct one of the streams discharged within the outer stream, divergently intosaid outer stream.

3. A gas burner structure having inner and outer air passages therein, a fuel passage therebetween an'd a pair of laterally disposed pipes extending substantially transversely through the fuel passage, connecting said inner and outer air passages, said pipes adapted to conduct air from said outer passage, through the`jfuel passage and into said inner passage. Y

4.- A burner including atubular housing, means dividing the space within the housing into inner, intermediate and outery concentric passageways, said means being removably associated with the housing, and a pipe extending through the intermediate passageway connecting said inner and outer passageways.

5. A gas burner structure including an axial fuel passage and an outer air passage at one end of the structure, an axial air passage and a fue] passage exteriorly thereof near the opposite end of the structure and communicating with said axial fuel passage, and a conduit Within the burner structure connecting said air passages.

6. A gas burner including an outer tube, an

inner tube of lesser diameter than ythe outer nace,` a burner body detachably disposed within the casing structure, a plurality of separate fuel andair passages through said body, a support for said body carried by and within the casing and fluid-spiralling vanes constituting a portion of said support.

8. In a gas burner, an outside, tubular casing -arranged-to be installed in the wall of a furnace or the like, a burner body detachably suppported within the casing, the body including a detachable burner head portion and a plurality of air and fuel passages, the body coacting with the casing, when installed therein, to form a passage exterior of the body and interior of the casing.

9. In a gas burner, a tubular housing structure, a chambered body casting removably disposed within the housing structure, forming a gas passage and a plurality of separate air passages therethrough, means for discharging gas and air conducted through said passagesl in separate coaxial streams, and means for defiecting a plurality of said streams, upon issuance from the structure, into the line of flowv of another of said streams.

10. In a gas burner, a housing structure, chambered internally to provide passages for conduct-v ing a fuel stream and a plurality of air streams, separately, through the said structure, means in said passages for whirling each of said streams as they issue into a combustion zone located forwardly of said structure, and means for directing a plurality of said streams into said zone of combustion, divergently into the line of ilow of another of saidstreams.

11. In a gas burner, a tubular housing, a removable inner tube spaced from the walls of said housing and forming therewith three sep--v -posed within said housing and having a detachable, annular head portion slidably supported within said collar, `said body including an axial Venturi passage at its inlet end; a slidable closure and a gas inlet nozzle at the inlet end ofthe venturi; a hollow streamline structure disposed in the body between the constricted portion of the4 venturi and the discharge end of the body, said streamline member forming an axial air passage near the discharge end of the burner body and provided with laterally extended supply Abranches opening at their intake ends into said housing; an air-diverging structure disposed axially of said streamline member at the discharge end of the burner; an annular member having burner ports therein and detachably carried by said burner head; two sets of vanes in the burner head, one disposed across the inner air passage and the other disposed adjacent said annular port member and adapted for imparting a whirling motion, in opposite directions,l to the streams-of uid issuing from said burner body, said burner `lzlody being spaced from the inside'surface of said housing so as to form an the housing,.and means for concurrently controlling the movement of air through said outer and inner air passages, said means including a shutouter, substantially annular air passage through l near its inlet end, and a device for concurrently actuating the elements of said shutter structure.

13. In a gas burner, a tubular concentrically chambered body, a removable discharge head mounted at one end of Asaid body portion comprising an outer ring forming a continuation of the outer wall of said body, a conical hub portion, and a ring disposed intermediately of said hub and outer ring, a series of radially disposed vanes connecting said outer and intermediate rings, and a series of radially disposed vanes connecting said hub portion and intermediate ring.l

14. In a gas burner, a tubular body, an annular discharge head removably connected to said body forming a continuation thereof, said discharge head having a conical hub and an intermediate ring portion dividing the space within the discharge head into separate concentric passages, series of radially disposed vanes in said passages arranged to cause the uids discharged therefrom to be whirledin relatively opposite directions. t

ter structure detachably carried by saidhousing 15. In a gas burner, in combination withl a-` tubular body portion, a head casting mounted at the discharge end of said body portion including'j concentric tubes forming an annular passage 'ff therebetween, 'a' series of radially disposed vanes connecting said tubes, uniformly tilted toim part whirling motion to iiuid conducted through said passage, a removable ring member on said head casting having ports adapted to discharge said fluid in relatively divergent streams.

16. A gas burner structure including a tubular bodyproviding a fuel passage and having a Venturi throat portion near its inlet end, a burner head at the discharge end of said body, a hollow member of substantially streamline form disposed in the fuel passage between the Venturi throat portion of said body and said burner head, providing an air passageinternally of said fuel passage, and a pipe for conducting air to said internal passage.

JOSEPH H. GWATHMEY.

Images