US1954784A - Automatic voltage regulator - Google Patents

Automatic voltage regulator Download PDF

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Publication number
US1954784A
US1954784A US442239A US44223930A US1954784A US 1954784 A US1954784 A US 1954784A US 442239 A US442239 A US 442239A US 44223930 A US44223930 A US 44223930A US 1954784 A US1954784 A US 1954784A
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United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
current
voltage
filament
transformer
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US442239A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rene A Braden
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL37157D priority Critical patent/NL37157C/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US442239A priority patent/US1954784A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1954784A publication Critical patent/US1954784A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC
    • G05F1/40—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices
    • G05F1/42—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices discharge tubes only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/04—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is AC

Definitions

  • My present invention relates to voltage regulators, and more particularly to an automatic voltage regulator for electron discharge devices.
  • the usual 110 volt lighting current measures anywhere from 90 to 130 volts.
  • the voltage may drop as low as 80, while in other sections the voltage may rise as high as 140. The natural consequence of such fluctuation, particularly where the fluctuation rises above rated voltage, is prematurely burned out radio tubes.
  • a circuit is arranged, and associated with the power transformer of the lighting current supply, for maintaining constant filament current in the electron discharge devices, particularly of a radio receiver, in spite of varying line voltage.
  • the present method utilizes an auxiliary circuit coupled to the power transformer, which auxiliary circuit is employed for producing in the circuits of the filaments to be protected, a regulating voltage which constantly opposes and substantially balances out, the increment of voltage created by the abnormal line voltage increase or decrease.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to provide in a radio receiver employing one or more electron discharge devices, which radio receiver is operated by socket-power from the usual 110 volt lighting current source, a circuit associated with the power transformer, and including an element, the resistance of which falls proportionally with increased applied voltage, and which circuit is coupled to the filament circuit of the electron discharge device in such a manner that voltages above or below 110 volts in the filament circuit are prevented by a regulating voltage produced by the said auxiliary circuit.
  • Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a circuit embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 graphically shows the operation of the invention
  • Fig. 3 represents graphically the ideal and the actual carbon filament lamp characteristics
  • Fig. 4 diagrammatically shows a modified form of the invention
  • Fig. 5 graphically presents the characteristics of the modification shown in Fig. 4.
  • an electron discharge device 1 including the usual control electrode, cathode and anode. It is of course understood that the electron discharge device can be a tetrode or even a pentode tube. It is further pointed out that the device canbe of the type wherein an indirectly heated cathode is employed, it being only essential to the sok -9 also being in series with the winding 6.
  • the iilament 2 be energized and heated from a source of current 3, the latter in this case being the usual 110 volt alternating current source utilized for lighting current.
  • the source 3 is connected to the filament of each tube through a power transformer 4, the primary 5 of which is directly connected to the source 3, and the secondary 6, of which device, is connected to the filament circuit of the tube or tubes.
  • a power transformer 4 the primary 5 of which is directly connected to the source 3, and the secondary 6, of which device, is connected to the filament circuit of the tube or tubes.
  • I have only shown one electron discharge device, the circuit between the grid and filament of the device being termed input, While the circuit between the anode and filament is termed output.
  • the device l is symbolic of all the tubes generally employed in a ⁇ i'adio receiver, and that the circuit between the filament of the device 1 of the secondary 6 of the transformer may have in it the filaments of other tubes used in the radio receiver.
  • This device is well known in alternating current operated radio receivers, and need not be described in any further details.
  • An auxiliary circuit is provided in the power circuit of the receiver.
  • This auxiliary circuit includes a coil 6 which acts as an independent secondary winding of the power transformer 4.
  • a transformer I is provided between the filament circuit and the aux- -iliary circuit A for coupling the two circuits for a reason to be presently explained.
  • the primary winding 8 of the transformer 7 has connected with it in series the carbon iilament 9 of an incandescent carbon filament lamp 10, the filament
  • the secondary 11 of the transformer 7 is connected in series with the filament 2, and the secondary 6 in the electron discharge lament circuit.
  • the voltage in the primary 5 of the power transformer 4 induces a current I1 in the electron discharge iilamentcircuit, it being assumed to iiow in the direction of the arrow; and, also, a current I2 in the carbon filament circuit, flowing in the direction of the arrow.
  • I1 in the electron discharge filament circuit tends to increase.
  • I-Iowever due to the fact that the resistance cf the carbon lament 9 decreases as the current I2 increases, it will be seen that the current I2 in the auxiliary circuit A increases more rapidly than current I1.
  • the windings 8, 1l of transformer '7 are so arranged between the auxiliary circuit A and the electron discharge lament circuit that the ⁇ voltage E, induced in the electron discharge iilament circuit by the transformer 7, opposes the main voltage in the electron discharge iilament circuit, and consequently prevents most of the change in current I1, the direction of the voltage -E in the electron discharge lament circuit beby plotting the resistance of the filament 9 in ohms against current in amperes.
  • the symbol R designates the resistance of the filament 9 of the carbon lamp 10;
  • the symbol E represents the voltage from source 3;
  • the symbols I1 and I2 represent the currents flowing respectively in the electron discharge tube iilament circuit and the regulating circuit A; while, the last column indicates values for the voltage drop across the carbon lamp filament 9.
  • the various values in the last two tables were obtained by keeping Ii constant, E and R varying as indicated in the table. It Will be noted that the last two columns of the table show what characteristics are required for the carbon lament lamp l0 in circuit A.
  • FIG. 3 The ideal and the actual carbon lament lamp characteristics Vare plotted, and graphically shown, in Fig. 3.
  • This graph shows filament current in carbon lamp as abscissee and Volts across carbon filament as ordinates, three curves being shown in the graph.
  • the curve in full line is designated as the actual curve; the ideal curve is shown in dotted lines; while the constant resistance line curve is shown in dotted line.
  • Three Values, a, b, c of filament current in the carbon lamp are shown as dotted spaced vertical lines, the value c being designated as the maximum safe current.
  • a gas-filled discharge tube such as a neon tube
  • a neon tube 10 conventionally represented, is shown connected in the circuit A in Fig. 4.
  • the circuit is otherwise the same, and therefore is not shown with all the details of Fig. 1, it being understood that the remaining details of the circuit are the same as in l.
  • the neon tube can be of any well known construction, such as the nat-plate neon tube commonly used in television receivers.
  • Fig. 5 The characteristics of a neon lamp are graphically shown in Fig. 5 wherein current through neon lamp as abscissae are plotted against volts across lamp as ordinates.
  • the curve shown in full line in Fig. 5 is the actual curve ⁇ while the curve shown in dotted line is the ideal characteristic curve.
  • the striking Voltage of the lamp is represented on the drawing by the arrowheaded vertical line. It will be noted that the actuai characteristic curve is very close ⁇ to the ideal curve, and good voltage regulation can be obtained with this type of lamp. To produce regulation, the voltage applied to the neon lamp must be above the striking voltage (i. e.
  • the neon lamp may have higher resistance, and carry less current, than a carbon filament lamp
  • a different transformer to couple the compensating circuit to the vacuum tube circuit may be required. Whichever type of lamp is used, the turns ratio of this transformer are to be adapted to the currents and voltages in the two circuits.
  • the coupling transformer will have a winding of a small number of turns in series with the vacuum tube filaments, and a winding with a larger number of turns in the neon or carbon lamp circuit.
  • the present method and arrangement is not limited to use with an alternating current supply, but may be employed for any iuctuating current source, the essential feature of the invention residing in the provision of an auxiliary circuit for utilizing an increase or decrease in voltage to produce an additional voltage to prevent disturbance due to the increase or decrease of voltage above or below normal operating voltage.
  • a source of energizing current a circuit between said source and said element whereby potential from said source may be applied to said element, an auxiliary circuit connected to said source and including a member whose conductance is directly proportional to flow of current through the circuit, said auxiliary circuit being coupled to said rst circuit in such a manner that changes in potential of said source above or below a predetermined operating potential are substantially balanced out by potential induced in said rst circuit from said auxiliary circuit.
  • a thermionic discharge device provided with a filament, a source of filament heating current, a circuit between said source and said element and including a transformer, an auxiliary circuit coupled to said transformer and including a. device whose conductance is directly proportional to iloiv of current therethrough, and a transformer coupling said first circuit and auxiliary circuit in such a manner that changes in potential oi said source above or below a predetermined operating potential are substantially eliminated.
  • a thermionic discharge device provided with a filament, a source of lament heating current, a circuit between said source and said element and including a transformer, an auxiliary circuit coupled to said transformer and including a gaseous discharge tube whose conductance is directly proportional to flow of current therethrough, and a transformer coupling said first circuit and auxiliary circuit in such a manner that changes in potential of said source above or below a predetermined operating potential are substantially eliminated.
  • a source of filament heating current a circuit between said source and said element and including a transformer, an auxiliary circuit coupled to said transformer and including a neon discharge tube whose conductance is directly proportional to flow of current therethrough, and a transformer coupling said first circuit and auxiliary circuit in such a, manner that changes in potential of said source above or below a predetermined operating potential are substantially eliminated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US442239A 1930-04-07 1930-04-07 Automatic voltage regulator Expired - Lifetime US1954784A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL37157D NL37157C (en(2012)) 1930-04-07
US442239A US1954784A (en) 1930-04-07 1930-04-07 Automatic voltage regulator

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US442239A US1954784A (en) 1930-04-07 1930-04-07 Automatic voltage regulator

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US1954784A true US1954784A (en) 1934-04-17

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NL (1) NL37157C (en(2012))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2443189A (en) * 1946-02-07 1948-06-15 Kenneth D Jenkins Magnetron filament temperature regulator
US2504548A (en) * 1945-11-28 1950-04-18 Gen Electric Starting and operating circuit for electric discharge devices
US2620459A (en) * 1945-10-30 1952-12-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Discharge lamp circuit
US2835865A (en) * 1954-11-19 1958-05-20 Philips Corp A. c.-mains-operated high-gain low frequency electronic amplifiers

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2620459A (en) * 1945-10-30 1952-12-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Discharge lamp circuit
US2504548A (en) * 1945-11-28 1950-04-18 Gen Electric Starting and operating circuit for electric discharge devices
US2443189A (en) * 1946-02-07 1948-06-15 Kenneth D Jenkins Magnetron filament temperature regulator
US2835865A (en) * 1954-11-19 1958-05-20 Philips Corp A. c.-mains-operated high-gain low frequency electronic amplifiers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL37157C (en(2012))

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