US1954394A - Welding rod - Google Patents

Welding rod Download PDF

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Publication number
US1954394A
US1954394A US606762A US60676232A US1954394A US 1954394 A US1954394 A US 1954394A US 606762 A US606762 A US 606762A US 60676232 A US60676232 A US 60676232A US 1954394 A US1954394 A US 1954394A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
rod
welding
rubber
graphite
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Expired - Lifetime
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US606762A
Inventor
Louis A Meisse
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Ohio Brass Co
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Ohio Brass Co
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Priority to US606762A priority Critical patent/US1954394A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0272—Rods, electrodes, wires with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2951—Metal with weld modifying or stabilizing coating [e.g., flux, slag, producer, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2955—Silicic material in coating

Definitions

  • My invention relates to metallic rods for arc welding in which the rod becomes the electrode for depositing welding metal upon the article to be welded.
  • the coating should be as flexible as possible to prevent chipping or flaking when bent or abused by striking.
  • the coating should be waterproof.
  • the coated rod should operate successfully with either a short are or a long arc.
  • the preferred embodiment of my invention comprises a copper rod provided with a coating.
  • the coating on rods in many instances comprises principally a deoxidizer or reducing material 0 mixed with a binder such as silicate of soda or a binder of varnish.
  • a binder such as silicate of soda or a binder of varnish.
  • the silicate of soda forms a very good binder so far as the material itself is concerned as it has a favorable influence upon the metal and are but it does not adhere well to the rod and does not permit bending or abuse of the rod without chipping and also it is not waterproof.
  • the coating formed with a varnish produces a varnish film about each particle of the material forming the coating and is detrimentalto the benefits to be derived from the coating material and while the coating as such may be more or less flexible and waterproof the varnish does not adhere well to a metal surface.
  • the above materials are preferably reduced to a very finely powdered state as by means of a ball mill to pass a 200 mesh screen and with a given weight of the dry mixture is compounded about an 80% weight of a 13% solution of casein glue in water.
  • the copper rods are thoroughly cleaned as by sandblasting or pickling or both and are then dipped into this material and allowed to dry.
  • the dry coating on a rod of about 5/32" diameter should increase the diameter of the rod by .015 to .018.
  • Material for a second coating is then prepared consisting of and in the proportion of 100 grams air floated graphite and 50 grams levigated alumina (A1203) and one gallon of a rubber cement and if it is found that this mixture is too heavy then it may be thinned to a dipping consistency by the addition of a rubber solvent, such as naphtha, gasoline, turpentine, dichlorethylene, etc.
  • This coating is then applied to the outside of the first coating by dipping and should increase the diameter of the rod by about .002.
  • the graphite and alumina both assist in forming the projecting shell or coating and also tend to keep the rubber coating from flowing when applied to the rod and before it sets.
  • the thickness of the two coatings for other diameters of rods would, of course, vary to meet the requirements but such thickness can be determined by a few simple trials.
  • a rod prepared as above described will form a crater around the fusing end of the rod, that is, the coating will project beyond the end of the rod during welding for a short distance and with a coating described as above the end of the projecting coating will be automatically consumed as the metal of the rod is deposited thus keeping the projected length of the coating quite uniform.
  • the rubber binder may be of the rubber cement type, preferably what is known as thermoplastic and thermoprene.
  • the rubber binder, especially the thermoplastic type has exceedingly strong adhesive properties and adheres tenaciously to the inner or first coating on the rod and atthe same time remains flexible after drying and for that reason binds the inner coating more securely in position and permits the rod to be bent or abused with less danger of the loss of the inner coating.
  • thermoplastic material is also termed a heat-plastic rubber isomer and is a tough, tacky and non-friable rubber and may be purchased in the open market in several forms and consistencies and under various trade names.
  • This material maybe prepared by masticating undissolved rubber with a reagent adapted to convert it into an isomer having less chemical unsaturation than rubber, then applying heat and causing an exothermal reaction between the two and then masticating the product. This may then be dissolved in ordinary rubber solvents such as gasoline or benzol.
  • thermoplastic material has little or no detrimental effect upon the welding characteristics and can be used in sufliciently large quantities to give-a satisfactory binding effect.
  • the isomers are free from vulcanizing materials and are preferred to rubber cements and solutions containing such vulcanizers as, for instance, sulphur, as the sulphur attacks the surface of the metal, especially copper, and forms a sulphide of the metal which reduces the adhesion between the metal and its adjacent coating and affects the deposited metal.
  • the calcium in the inner coating has a decided quieting action upon the arc and tends to steady the same and prevent spitting and sputtering and it is found that the excessive cracking sound which usually takes place when the arc is interrupted, as by dropping molten metal, is avoided.
  • the silicon is a strong deoxidizer and such deoxidizer is found necessary when welding copper which is subject to very strong oxidation under the heat of the electric arc.
  • the graphite, alumina and calcium carbonate may be said to form the projecting coating or crater and maintain such projection beyond the end of the rod while under welding operation.
  • the graphite is practically infusible and hence tends to support the projecting coating, that is, it
  • the coatings herein described may also be used on a rod of copper base alloy, that is, a rod outer coating either free of any ingredients or containing only one.
  • a coated welding electrode comprising a fusible copper rod having an inner coating consisting of calcium silicide 45%, calcium carbonate 30%, raphite (preferably air-floated) 25%, all by weight, together with a binder of liquid casein glue and an outer coating superimposed on the inner coating consisting of 100 grams graphite,
  • a coated welding rod comprising a nonferrous rod having a copper base and two coatings, one superimposed upon the other, the inner coating comprising by weight and finely ground Per cent Calcium silicide 44.0 Graphite 25.5 Calcium carbonate; 29.0 Alumina (A1203) 1.5
  • a coated welding rod comprising a metallic rod having a coating comprising calcium silicide between 40% and 50%, graphite between 20% and 30% and the balance calcium carbonate and alumina (Al2O3) all by weight and a sufiicient quantity of liquid casein glue to form a creamy solution in which to dip the rod.
  • a coated welding rod comprising a metallic rod having a coating comprising calcium silicide between 40% and 50%, graphite between 20% and 30% and the balance calcium carbonate and alumina (A1202) all by weight and a suificient quantity of liquid casein glue to form a creamy solution in which to dip the rod and, an elastic outer coating of rubber.
  • a coating for a welding electrode comprising an air drying liquid composition consisting of calcium silicide, calcium carbonate, alumina (A1203) and graphite, all in a powdered state and mixed with a binder of animal glue, the calcium silicide being in sufi'icient quantity to quiet the arc and avoid oxidization. of the molten metal and the otheringredients in sufiicient quantities to form a projecting coating from the end of the rod when welding.
  • a coated welding rod comprising a nonferrous rod having a copper base and two coatings, one coating superimposed upon the other, the inner coating comprising finely ground calcium silicide, graphite and calcium carbonate mixed with an animal glue binder, the outer coating comprising alumina oxide (A1201) mixed with a binder of heat plastic rubber isomer, the calcium silicate being in sufiicient quantity to quiet the arc and prevent oxidization of the molten metal and the other ingredients insufiicient quantities to form a projecting sleeve from the end of the rod while welding.
  • the inner coating comprising finely ground calcium silicide, graphite and calcium carbonate mixed with an animal glue binder
  • the outer coating comprising alumina oxide (A1201) mixed with a binder of heat plastic rubber isomer
  • the calcium silicate being in sufiicient quantity to quiet the arc and prevent oxidization of the molten metal and the other ingredients insufiicient quantities to form a projecting slee

Description

Patented Apr. 10, 1934 UNITED STATES 1,954,394 'WELDING ROD Louis A. Meisse, Mansfield, Ohio, assignor to The Ohio Brass Company, Mansfield, Ohio, a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application April 21, 1982, Serial No. 606,762
8 Claims.
My invention relates to metallic rods for arc welding in which the rod becomes the electrode for depositing welding metal upon the article to be welded.
Among the objects of my invention are the following:
To produce a coated rod for depositing substantially pure copper upon the article to be welded and which will be dense and homogenous.
To produce a coating for such rod.
A coated rod in which the coating will have a reaction upon the rod under operation to neutralize the oxidizing effect of the air, the coating to contain a slag-forming material which will sinter together readily before the metal core is melted and which has a melting point higher than the melting point of the core.
To provide an electrode having a coating which will be self-sustaining and project beyond the end of the rod during the welding operation thereby tending to increase the penetration of the arc and also cause quiet operation.
The coating should be as flexible as possible to prevent chipping or flaking when bent or abused by striking.
The coating should be waterproof.
The coated rod should operate successfully with either a short are or a long arc.
Other objects will be disclosed as my description proceeds.
The preferred embodiment of my invention comprises a copper rod provided with a coating. The coating on rods in many instances comprises principally a deoxidizer or reducing material 0 mixed with a binder such as silicate of soda or a binder of varnish. The silicate of soda forms a very good binder so far as the material itself is concerned as it has a favorable influence upon the metal and are but it does not adhere well to the rod and does not permit bending or abuse of the rod without chipping and also it is not waterproof. The coating formed with a varnish produces a varnish film about each particle of the material forming the coating and is detrimentalto the benefits to be derived from the coating material and while the coating as such may be more or less flexible and waterproof the varnish does not adhere well to a metal surface.
I have found that if the ingredients of the coating are mixed with casein glue in water, such a binder is far superior to the silicate of soda as it has a strong adhering property with respect to the metal rod and is not detrimental to the action of the coating ingredients proper and isv more waterproof than silicate of soda.
I prefer to produce two coatings and the first coating or that lying next to the rod is preferably as follows by weight:-
, 7 Percent Calcium silicide (35% calcium or greater)- 450 Air floated graphite 25.0 Calcium carbonate (calcine)' 30.0
The above materials are preferably reduced to a very finely powdered state as by means of a ball mill to pass a 200 mesh screen and with a given weight of the dry mixture is compounded about an 80% weight of a 13% solution of casein glue in water.
The copper rods are thoroughly cleaned as by sandblasting or pickling or both and are then dipped into this material and allowed to dry.
The dry coating on a rod of about 5/32" diameter should increase the diameter of the rod by .015 to .018.
Material for a second coating is then prepared consisting of and in the proportion of 100 grams air floated graphite and 50 grams levigated alumina (A1203) and one gallon of a rubber cement and if it is found that this mixture is too heavy then it may be thinned to a dipping consistency by the addition of a rubber solvent, such as naphtha, gasoline, turpentine, dichlorethylene, etc. This coating is then applied to the outside of the first coating by dipping and should increase the diameter of the rod by about .002. The graphite and alumina both assist in forming the projecting shell or coating and also tend to keep the rubber coating from flowing when applied to the rod and before it sets.
The thickness of the two coatings for other diameters of rods would, of course, vary to meet the requirements but such thickness can be determined by a few simple trials.
It will be found that a rod prepared as above described will form a crater around the fusing end of the rod, that is, the coating will project beyond the end of the rod during welding for a short distance and with a coating described as above the end of the projecting coating will be automatically consumed as the metal of the rod is deposited thus keeping the projected length of the coating quite uniform.
The rubber binder may be of the rubber cement type, preferably what is known as thermoplastic and thermoprene. The rubber binder, especially the thermoplastic type, has exceedingly strong adhesive properties and adheres tenaciously to the inner or first coating on the rod and atthe same time remains flexible after drying and for that reason binds the inner coating more securely in position and permits the rod to be bent or abused with less danger of the loss of the inner coating.
The thermoplastic material is also termed a heat-plastic rubber isomer and is a tough, tacky and non-friable rubber and may be purchased in the open market in several forms and consistencies and under various trade names. This material maybe prepared by masticating undissolved rubber with a reagent adapted to convert it into an isomer having less chemical unsaturation than rubber, then applying heat and causing an exothermal reaction between the two and then masticating the product. This may then be dissolved in ordinary rubber solvents such as gasoline or benzol.
This thermoplastic material has little or no detrimental effect upon the welding characteristics and can be used in sufliciently large quantities to give-a satisfactory binding effect. The isomers are free from vulcanizing materials and are preferred to rubber cements and solutions containing such vulcanizers as, for instance, sulphur, as the sulphur attacks the surface of the metal, especially copper, and forms a sulphide of the metal which reduces the adhesion between the metal and its adjacent coating and affects the deposited metal.
Many coatings are very liable to chip or flake during the welding operation due to the intensive heat and lack of binding quality but I find that the outer coating above described prevents this detrimental action. I
The calcium in the inner coating has a decided quieting action upon the arc and tends to steady the same and prevent spitting and sputtering and it is found that the excessive cracking sound which usually takes place when the arc is interrupted, as by dropping molten metal, is avoided.
The silicon is a strong deoxidizer and such deoxidizer is found necessary when welding copper which is subject to very strong oxidation under the heat of the electric arc.
The graphite, alumina and calcium carbonate may be said to form the projecting coating or crater and maintain such projection beyond the end of the rod while under welding operation. The graphite is practically infusible and hence tends to support the projecting coating, that is, it
may be said to act as the frame.
When I speak of a binder of animal origin or of animal glues I mean to include casein, bone glue, gelatin, alumina or blood glue, etc. which may be secured on the market and are practically waterproof when dry.
The coatings herein described may also be used on a rod of copper base alloy, that is, a rod outer coating either free of any ingredients or containing only one.
I claim:
1. A coated welding electrode comprising a fusible copper rod having an inner coating consisting of calcium silicide 45%, calcium carbonate 30%, raphite (preferably air-floated) 25%, all by weight, together with a binder of liquid casein glue and an outer coating superimposed on the inner coating consisting of 100 grams graphite,
50 grams alumina and 1 gallon of a rubber cement thinned with a solvent if necessary, the consist-.- ency of the. solutions to be such as to give a deposit of the required amount of said coating material.
2. A coating for a welding electrode'comprising an air drying liquid composition consisting of calcium silicide, calcium carbonate, alumina (A1203) and graphite (preferably air-floated), all in a powdered state and mixed with an aqueous solution of casein glue, the calcium silicide being of sufficient amount to quiet the arc and avoid oxidization of the molten metal and the other ingredients in sufficient quantities to form a projecting coating on the rod when welding.
'3. A coated welding rod comprising a nonferrous rod having a copper base and two coatings, one superimposed upon the other, the inner coating comprising by weight and finely ground Per cent Calcium silicide 44.0 Graphite 25.5 Calcium carbonate; 29.0 Alumina (A1203) 1.5
paste in which the rods are dipped and allowed to drain and dry and an outer coating of elastic rubber.
5. A coated welding rod comprising a metallic rod having a coating comprising calcium silicide between 40% and 50%, graphite between 20% and 30% and the balance calcium carbonate and alumina (Al2O3) all by weight and a sufiicient quantity of liquid casein glue to form a creamy solution in which to dip the rod. v
6. A coated welding rod comprising a metallic rod having a coating comprising calcium silicide between 40% and 50%, graphite between 20% and 30% and the balance calcium carbonate and alumina (A1202) all by weight and a suificient quantity of liquid casein glue to form a creamy solution in which to dip the rod and, an elastic outer coating of rubber.
'7. A coating for a welding electrode comprising an air drying liquid composition consisting of calcium silicide, calcium carbonate, alumina (A1203) and graphite, all in a powdered state and mixed with a binder of animal glue, the calcium silicide being in sufi'icient quantity to quiet the arc and avoid oxidization. of the molten metal and the otheringredients in sufiicient quantities to form a projecting coating from the end of the rod when welding.
'8. A coated welding rod comprising a nonferrous rod having a copper base and two coatings, one coating superimposed upon the other, the inner coating comprising finely ground calcium silicide, graphite and calcium carbonate mixed with an animal glue binder, the outer coating comprising alumina oxide (A1201) mixed with a binder of heat plastic rubber isomer, the calcium silicate being in sufiicient quantity to quiet the arc and prevent oxidization of the molten metal and the other ingredients insufiicient quantities to form a projecting sleeve from the end of the rod while welding.
' LOUIS A. MEISSE.
US606762A 1932-04-21 1932-04-21 Welding rod Expired - Lifetime US1954394A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421594A (en) * 1943-12-15 1947-06-03 Under Water Welders & Repairer Arc welding electrode
FR2056072A5 (en) * 1969-08-28 1971-05-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421594A (en) * 1943-12-15 1947-06-03 Under Water Welders & Repairer Arc welding electrode
FR2056072A5 (en) * 1969-08-28 1971-05-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique

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