US1952932A - High pressure locomotive boiler - Google Patents

Description

March 27, 1934. MAG|5 5;- AL

HIGH PRESSURE LOCOMOTIVE BOILER Filed Jan. 2, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS ATTORNEY March 27, 1934. A. MAGIS El AL HIGH PRESSURE LOCOMOTIVE BOILER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 2, 1932 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 27, 1934 PATENT OFiC-E HIGH PRESSURE LOCOMOTIVE BOILER Auguste Magis and Andre Huet, Paris, France, assignors to The Superheater Company, New

York, N. Y.

Application January 2, 1932, Serial No. 584,509 In France February 2, 1931 3 Claims.

The present invention relates to a steam generator with closed primary circuits intended particularly for boilers of locomotives and other steam driven vehicles whose primary closed cir- 5 cuits, the number of which may incidentally be reduced to. a single one, are so shaped as to result in a very active circulation of the heating fluid in these circuits. This fluid traverses a large number of partial circuits so shaped as to result in a ready heat transfer as well as in a ready renewal of the fluid in the vaporizing portions and a good separation of the primary vaporized fiuid. The invention has" also for an object an embodiment uniting to these two advantages those of great strength and simplicity of construction, of great uniformity of expansion and considerable rigidity.

For this purpose the lateral walls of the gem era-tor are made up of metallic vertical plates pierced by closed channels serving for the circulation and the separation of the water and vapor, and connected to each other by tubes extending across the gas passage. These plates are surmounted by supports or cradles carrying the drums of the boiler and forming, either alone or together with these drums, a bracing between the lateral plates, the bracing being completed by the vaporizing tubes extending from one to the other of the opposite plates.

The description which follows and which refers to the annexed drawings, given by way of example, will make it possible to understand how the invention can be carried out.

Fig. l is a longitudinal vertical section of a locoinotive equipped with a steam generator in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is a section on line II-II of Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4 show respectively, on an enlarged scale, a fragmentary vertical section and a fragmentary horizontal sec- 0 tion of one of the primary closed circuits; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal horizontal. section of a locom0- tive equipped with a generator in accordance with the invention, carried out in a somewhat different manner from that shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is .15 a transverse section on line VI- 11 of Fig. 5, and Fig. '7 shows, on an enlarged scale, a part of the detail shown in vertical transverse section in Fig. 3.

According to a well known principle, every closed primary circuit is composed essentially of a vaporizing part in which the primary fluid is heated by combustion gases, and of a condensing part in which the fluid is cooled while heating the secondary fluid to produce the steam for use, these two parts being connected by conduits for permitting the vapor to rise, and by conduits for al lowing the condensed'water to return, in some cases water separators or steam collectors being interposed in the circuit between the two parts.

In the arrangement forming the subject of the invention, this arrangement is completed by a plurality of steam separating collectors or headers arranged in the metallic lateral walls to which the evaporating tubes are connected.

In the accompanying drawings, the condenser bundles or parts and the connecting conduits are omitted in order to simplify the figures. In Fig. 1 the generator comprises two primary closed circuits, one of which heats the feed water in a drum 1 up to a temperature approximating the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure at which the boiler is operated, this drum playing the part of an economizer; the other primary closed circuit situated in the hotter region of the gases produces, in the drum 2, steam for use. 7

3 is a fire box whose walls may be made up in any known manner by a part of the primary circuit associated with drum 2.

Forward of the fire box there is arranged first a further part of the same primary circuit made up of two thick metallic plates 4 and 4, perforated by horizontal channels 5 and 5 and vertical channels 6 and 6, '7 and '7, the channels 6 and 6 being nearer to the inner surfaces, and the channels '7 and '7 nearer to their outer surfaces.

The channels 6 and 6' have a larger cross section than the channels '7 and '7, but a smaller one than that of the channels 5 and 5'.

'At the top of each plate 4 and 4' there may be one or more horizontal channels 8 or 8' which serve as steam collectors and may have a larger diameter than that of the channels 5 and 5'.

In the case shown, the several channels 5 are respectively on the same level with the several channels 5', but this need not be the case.

From the bottom of each of the channels 5 there extend oblique tubes 9 each opening into the upper part'of a channel 5' located at the next immediately higher level or at a still higher level.

Similarly, from the bottom of each of the channels 5' extend oblique tubes 9' each opening into the upper part of a channel 5 located at the next immediately higher plane or at a still higher plane.

Tubes 9 and 9 as well as the inner walls of the plates 4 and 4 are touched by the hot gases coming from the fire box.

The primary circuit having been filled with water up to a certain level, this water is vaporized in the tubes 9 and 9', bubbles of steam, and the water which accompanies them, rise in the tubes until they reach the corresponding channels 5 or 5.

There the steam is separated from the water and selecting the path of least resistance rises in the channels 6 or 6' to the steam headers 8 0r 8'. Thence by one or several connections 10 or 10' the steam flows by the risers to a steam consuming or utilizing device preferably including a condenser so that after this steam has been condensed and given up its latent heat of vaporization the condensate may return, for example through the connections 11 and 11', into the evaporating part or bundle.

The water which arrives with the steam in the channels 5 and 5 will be thrown by its momentum against the walls of these channels and in them it will swirl around and reach those of the channels '7 and 7', which are nearest, to descend to the channels 5 and 5 which are on the next lower level, whence it may return into the tubes 9 and 9 to be further exposed to evaporation. There is thus present in the vaporizing part or bundle a large number of local circuits faborable to heat exchange, to rapid evaporation and to safety of operation, each part of the bundle being constantly fed with Water and in that way protected against any excessive local heating.

Moreover, the fact that all of the channels 5,

6, 7, 5, 6 and 7 are formed in the interior of the continuous plates and are not made up of tubes results in a great uniformity of expansion of the whole assemblage.

The plates 4 and 4' are themselves extremely strong and may easily be connected in the most rigid manner to each other and to the boiler preferably'by the cradles 12 which may be made of cast steel and which are mounted on the two plates and support the drum 2; the tubes 9 and 9 likewise form an efficient bracing between the two plates 4 and 4'.

The evaporating bundle associated with the economizer drum of Fig. 1 may be made up in the same way as that just described, the plates 13 corresponding to the plates 4 and 4'.

The superheater shown diagrammatically on Fig. 1 comprises essentially a double header 14 and elements 15 and, generally speaking, is analogous to superheaters as commonly used on locomotives, the. elements extending in between the tubes 9 and 9' in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the locomotive.

The assemblage is mounted on a chassis and covered by an enclosing sheet 16 in the ordinary manner, this enveloping sheet also covering, if preferred, the several steam pipes, and as far as possible, the auxiliary apparatus and accessories, a part of which may be placed between cradles 12.

In the case of the form shown in Fig. 5, the primary circuits are constructed in the same manner as those of the form shown in Fig. 1, but in place of being arranged end to end as in the former case, there is left between the two parts a space suflicient for accommodating a superheater different from that of Fig. 1 and whose elements 17, connected to the headers 18, extend, for example, transversely to the axis of the locomotive. This superheater may, moreover, be made upin any other known manner, and may be so arranged that it can be inserted and removed either from above or from below or laterally.

Fig. 6 shows a modification, the cradle 12 being replaced by two brackets 19 fixed to the lateral plates and to the corresponding drums.

It is obvious that modifications may be introduced in the invention without losing its spirit.

The tubes 9 and. 9' may be put in place through holes in the plates 4 and 4 opposite to those into which the tubes are expanded, and this has the advantage that an inspection and any necessary repairs can easily and readily be made, since access through the lateral walls of the locomotive is easy. (See Figs. 3 and 7.)

These holes 20 and 20 may be closed by caps that are rolled in or by plugs which are screwed 1n.

What we claim is:

1. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of two vertical parallel spaced plates, each plate being provided with a plurality of horizontal longitudinal channels in vertical alinement and two sets of vertical channels smaller than the horizontal channels and intersecting them, one set in each plate being nearer the inner side of the plate than the second set, and a plurality of tubes connecting the horizon tal channels of each plate with those of the other plate, the tubes associated with any given horizontal channel in one plate extending to a channel in the other plate at a different level.

2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1, and in which the tubes are so arranged that the axis of each tube lies above the axis of the higher horizontal channel and below the axis of the lower horizontal channel to which it connects.

3. A locomotive boiler comprising in combination two plates arranged in vertical position parallel to the axis of the boiler and on opposite sides of such axis, horizontal channels in said plates, horizontally inclined tubes extending between said plates and placing the channels of each in communication with those of the other, said tubes constituting two sets sloping upwardly in opposite directions and crossing each other. said plates having vertically extending channels for connecting said horizontal channels for permitting steam to rise from one channel to the next in a given plate.

AUGUSTE MAGIS. ANDRE I-IUET.

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