US1952080A - Submarine salvage and recovery apparatus - Google Patents

Description

March 27, 1934. s. LAKE 1,952,080

SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RECOVERY APPARATUS Filed DGO. 24. 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 AFP* 1 ,I O VA:

ITG, I.

' INVENToR.

@MEW 542k.

March 27, 1934.

S. LAKE SUBMARINE lSALVAGE AND RECOVERY APPARATUS Filed Deo. 24. 1931 `5 sheets-sheet 2 l VENTOR 27, 1934. 5 LAKE LQS SUBMARINE sALvAGE AND RECOVERY APARATUS Filed Dec. 24. 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet ZS l VENTOR MM f/e March 27, 1934. s@ LAKE i,952,o8o

SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RECOVERY APPARATUS Filed DSG. 24. 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG', 6.

NVENTOR g5 MM 2% March 27, 1934. s. LAKE .1,952,080

SUBIARINE SALVAGE AND RECOVERY APPARATUS Filed Dec. 24. 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 I mmm'mnnu manana II I 8 NVENToR.

Patented Mar. 27, 1934 PATE cerros SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RECOVERY APPARATUS Simon Lake, Milford, Conn. Application December 24, 1931, Serial No. 583,047

14 Claims.

This invention relates to a submarine salvage and recovery apparatus and embodies certain improvements over my previous inventions of a similar nature.

The present improvements show in more detail some of the attachments and tools used in cooperation with my submarine apparatus in performing under-water work and in recovering sunken or submerged materials.

The purpose of these attachments is to speed up underwater work by power operated mechanical means directed from within a submergible apparatus or vessel in which the operator of the various toolsis stationed Yand therefore not n subject to the hydrostatic pressure of the water,

as he would be if operating outside in the usual diving dress.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating the invention, in the several figures of which like parts are similarly designated, Figure l illustrates, in sectional elevation, the submergible portion of submarine salvage and recovery apparatus of the type shown generally in my co-pending application, Serial No. 571,348, filed October 27, 1931,

r same being shown operating on the sides of sunken ships and depicting the manner in which some of the tools of the invention may be employed.

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation showing the manner of attaching the universal extensible tool carrying apparatus to the side of the divers compartment.

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation showing the universal tool-carrying apparatus attached to the side of a sunken ship, and the operation of r cutting through the ships side plating with a circular saw.

Figure 4 is a transverse section through the revolvable head of the universal tool-carrying apparatus showing the installation of four different types of underwater cutting tools.

Figure 5 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional detail view of the electric torch which is one of the cutting tools shown in small scale in Fig. 4.

Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary detail of the extensible end of the electric cutting torch.

Figure 7 is an enlarged View of the long arm grab mechanism showing means for operating the same.

Figure 8 is a front elevation of a look-out window so constructed as to give a very large eld of vision, and

Figure 9 is a section taken on line 9 9 of Fig. 8.

Referring now to Fig. 1, A is the access tube to the various observation and working compartments. In the present embodiment I useva dif- (Cl. (i1-69) ferent arrangement of compartments from those of my previous inventions, in that B is an airlock communicating with a passageway B which permits the crew to pass from the surface either to the divers working compartment C, to the observation compartment D, or to the decompression compartment E. This is of great importance in work at considerable depths as atmospheric pressure may be maintained in the observation compartment D while the divers are operating through the open diving door C' at which air pressure must be maintained equal to the water pressure at the bottom of the compartment to prevent the compartment from being flooded.

As soon as the time during which it is safe for the divers to work under pressure has expired they may, by the proper manipulation of the water- tight doors 3, 4, 5 and 6, enter into any of the compartments or ascend to the surface without lowering the air pressure in the diving compartment, thus permitting continuous work to be performed by relays or" divers.

In shallow waters the divers, after completing their time, could, by entering the air-lock B, close door 4 and reduce the air pressure in the air-lock to atmosphere and enter either the observation compartment D through door 6 or ascend to the surface vessel through door 3.

If, however, the divers have been operating in deep Water, it is essential to their health that they spend a considerable time under pressure before returning to normal atmospheric pressure. In this case, after entering air-lock B they equalize the pressure between the air-lock B and compartment E and then pass through door 5 and enter compartment E where the pressure can be gradually reduced until it is safe for them to reenter the air lock B and return to normal atmospheric pressure. The observers and relief men in Ycompartment D may remain in that compartment as long as they desire, as a circulation of air, can'be maintained therein at all times at Substantially normal pressure.

Hydraulicor other pressure cylinders 7 and 8 are provided for opening and closing doors 3 and e, these cylinders being controlled by suitable valves, not shown, actuated from either side of the respective compartment bulkheads, and the pressure fluid being supplied from a central accumulator through suitable piping, not shown, as is customary in systems of this nature.

Lookout windows 9 and l0. are arranged in the compartments to give a very large iield of vision, as will be more fully described in connection with loo F is a universal extensible tool-carrying apparatus attached to the divers compartment at ange 11, as is more clearly shown in Fig. 2 and described with reference thereto.

G is a long-arm grab mechanism for picking up and removing objects at a distance from the divers compartment, as is shown in more detail in Fig. 7 and described with reference thereto.

H isa heavypiston rod carried in hydraulic cylinder 12, and suitable piping and valves connected to the central hydraulic system, not shown, enable this piston rod to be pushed out or drawn in. A water-tight ball-and-socket joint 13 carried by the rod H permits a suction disk 14 carried thereby to be brought into all-around contact with the side of a ship, and then, by withdrawing the water from the space within the flexible lips of the suction disk, through the rnedium of suitable piping connected to a vacuum tank, not shown, the suction disk may be made to attach itself and the submerged apparatus to the sunken ship with great tenacity. This hydraulic and suction grip device is substantially thesame as those one of which is shown in section in Fig. 3. k

I is a working platform and cargo-receiving receptacle attached to the lower end of the divers compartment, and from the platform of this cargo receiving receptacle, ladders 15, or gang planks 16 may be so suitably disposed as to enable the divers to reach any desired position on the side of the ship `or to enter the ship through an a at the end of the long arm G so that light will be reflected down upon the grab and upon the cargo -to be grappled. Suitable lookout windows located alongside ofthe long arm mechanism will -enable an operator to so extend and operate the grab as to pick up objects illuminated by the lamp `17 and haul them from the hold of the ship and fit, but in addition to the seal thus obtained I `may use a cup leather 20 to insure watertightness.

A T` piece 21 is so carried by the male portion of ythe joint that it may be rotated, a ball bearing between anges 22 and 23 secured to the T piece and to the ball joint, respectively, and held in cooperative relation by locking rings 24 and 25 being provided for this purpose. Four arms, two of which 26 and 27 only are shown, are attached to lockingring 24,- and chains 28 and 29 attached to the ends of these arms are in turn attached to plungers 30 and 3l, which plungers are capable of being drawn inboard by the threaded shafts 32 and 33 when the wheels 34 and 35 with hubs threaded on the shafts 32 and 33, are revolved.

It is obvious that by slacking up wheel 35 and taking up on wheel 34, the angular relation of the axis of the T piece 21 will be changed in relation to the axis of the submergible access tube A, and by slackening and tightening any one or two of the four plungers, any desired change of axis may be obtained to secure the T piece and its attachments to the side of a sunken ship. I have shown a ball-and-socket joint 39 and suction disk 40, attached to flange 38. To flange 37 I may attach the extensible rotatable tool-carrying compartment head J, see Figs. 3 and 4, which head contains a motor 41 which through the medium of chains and sprocket wheels and bevel pinions drives the circular saw 43, through reduction gear box' 42, and its shaft and gearing as clearly shown.

Through the medium of other sprocket wheels and chain and reduction gear 44 v(see Fig. 4) I may also revolve the twist drill 45, and suitable feeding devices common to the art, but not shown, may be attached for feeding the drill to its Work.

A pair of miter wheels 46 when in mesh, and worm gearing, as shown, revolve crank 47, and through the medium of the connecting rod 48 and guide piece 49, reciprocate the saw 50 to enable it to cut through plating, as is illustrated in Fig. l.

In operating on the side of a sunken vessel only, the T piece 21 may be dispensed with and the entrance tube 51 directly attached tothe ball joint 18, as is shown in Fig. 1. `In operating in this manner on'the side of a sunken ship, large sections of the side may be out out to form openings of sucient size to give' ready access to the cargo within the hold so that it may be readily removed without going down through the hatches of the ship.

In Figure 1 the universal extensible tool-carrying apparatus is shown with the revolvable head extending upward, Whereas in Fig. 3 it is shown extended downward. The rotation of this apparatus is made possible by an internal toothed ring 5 2 (see Fig. 3) secured to entrance tube 51, with which meshesv a pinion 53 revolved by worrn Wheel 54 operated by a suitable Worm the shaft kef which may be rotated by a hand wheel 55,

as shown. This worm wheel is secured in'a bearing bracketv rigidly carried by the casting 56 which is held in place by a clamp ring 57 bolted to a flange 58 on entrance tube 5l and provided between themV with an appropriate anti-friction bearing. lThe extensible entrance tube F gives the operator access to the tool-carrying revolvable head J. In this extensible tube 59 is a ring piston arranged in an annular cylinder formed between inner entrance tube 60 and an exterior tube 61, the piston being secured tor an extension tube 62. When fluid under pressure is admitted into the space 63 back of the piston the extension tube 62 will be forced outward, and when this pressure is released and the fluid under pressure is introduced in the space 64 forward ofthe piston the extension tube 62 will be forcedinward. Suitable valves and piping, indicated in part, connect the annular cylinder with the central hydraulic system and permit this operation as desired.

The inner toothed ring 65, the pinion 66 and its shaft and attached worm wheel 67 and hand Wheel 68 secured in bracket 69 attached to the tool-carrying head J permit of independent rotation of this head.

In Fig. 1, the operation of cutting the side plating of a sunken ship is shown as accomplished by the reciprocating saw 50. To use the reciprocating sawto cut downward, as shown in Fig. 1, the apparatus is turned to carry the head J upward, the hydraulic rams 70 and` 71, carrying in the soft rubber lips of the disks through the medium of pipe 74 (see Fig..3) kleading to acentral vacuum system, and the whole apparatus becomes rigidly attached to the side ofthe sunken ship.

Pipes and 76 enter into cylinder 77 at opposite sides of the piston 78 which is secured on the hydraulic ram 70. These pipes enter into casting 56 and are connected to the central hydraulic supply system by 4-way valve 79. A similar valve and piping are used in connection with the rain 71. The head J may now be revolved and the drill 45 centered and started, the hydraulic rams being moved inward until the plating is drilled through, after which the rams are extended, the drill and head J again revolved and the reciprocating saw entered through the drilled hole and started, upward cutting of the saw being caused by admission of iluid under pressure into space 64 whereby the head J is drawn upward.

It is obvious that the circular saw 43 may be brought in contact with the ships plating and operated in a somewhat similar manner.

If desired, however, I may use a cutting torch 80, an enlarged view of which is shown in Fig. 5, in which a gate valve 81 is secured to the side of head J and provided with a double flanged pipe 82 attached to its inner ange. A tube 83, made of porcelain or other insulating material, is secured in a reciprocating carrier 84, and passes Yinto the flanged pipe 82, through a cup leather 85. A hollow metallic rod 8S, covered with insulation 87, is carried by a reciprocating head 88, clamped in electrical contact with the rod 86, and current from one pole of a dynamo is passed .into this rod through cable 89, a metallic contact from the opposite pole being made to the sunken ship in any suitable manner. A hollow carbon ,90 is threaded into the hollow metallic conduct-or 86 and carbon 90 are smaller than the inside diameter of the porcelain tube 83 the air may pass down outside of the rod and carbon, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 6. l

A threaded rod held in a bearing in the re- -iciprocating head 84 and extending through the upper lange of pipe 82 enables the porcelain tube 83 to be projected outside of head J when the gate valve 81 is opened. Y

A similar rod 96 is carried by the reciprocating 'head 88 and enables the carbon 90 tobe projected clown through the porcelain tube 83.

This cutting torch is operated in the following manner: The apparatus F being attached to the ship as previously described, the gate valve 81 is opened and the porcelain tube 83 is brought into contact with the ships plating. Air is now turned on and blows the water away from the circular nozzle formed between the porcelain tube and the hollow carbon point. The carbon is now projected so as to make contact with the ships plating and the electric current is turned on, completing the electric circuit between the twopoles of the dynamo, one pole being grounded to the ship, as explained. On slightly withdrawing the carbon from contact with the ships plating an arc is formed, and then oxygen under the proper pressure is turned on and the ships plates are rapidly cut through by the-action of the arc. The plates may be cut through in a straight line, or by releasing the vacuum in disk 73 nearest the head J the apparatus may be rotated by turning hand wheel 55 and the torch will make a circular cut, Vrevolving on ram 71 as a center, the length of radius being controlled by the position of the tube 62 relatively to sleeve 61. Wheny the carbon is consumed, the porcelain tube 83 is retracted, gate valve 81 closed and the torch unbolted from the flange of the gate valve and a new carbon inserted Without any water entering the head J.

As sunken vessels may lie onvthe bottom with their vertical axes at many different angles, and also lie with their longitudinal axes at many diiferent angles in relation to the currents, and as it is advisable to anchor the surface vessel with its longitudinal axis in line with the current, it is necessary to be able to place the suction disks at an infinite variety of angles so that they will make proper contact with the side, bottom or deck plating of the ship. I, therefore, provide means for rotating the access tube AWith its chambers, by providing a gear ring 97 which is carried between angles 9S and 99 and with which meshes a pinion 100 carried on a shaft extending through a stuffing box in the side of the access tube and having on it a larger spur gear 101 which may be rotated by a sanall pinion and crank 102, Four eye bolts are carried by the ring 97 and to these eye bolts are attached lines, two of which 103 and 104, as shown lead to the cross member 105 to which the access tube is attached, and the others, not shown, lead to other longitudinal members to which the cross member 105 is attached.

These lines permitthe swinging or the access tube A through its ball or swivel joints, but hold the ring from rotating when the pinion 102 is locked. On rotating pinion 102, however, the access tube A may be rotated about its axis so as to present the disks 70 and 71 to the side plating of any sunken ship, and by inserting the T piece 21 and attaching the universal extensible tool-carrying apparatus F to flange 37 the holding disks may be attached to any portion of the ship lying in a substantially horizontal plane.

After an opening is cut in the side of the sunken ship the long arm grabbing device G may be brought into use to remove the cargo. This grabbingY device is more clearly .shown in Fig. 7 and comprises a heavy flanged hollow steel casting 106 bolted to one of the side walls of the divers compartment C and to which another heavy bronze anged cylindrical casting 107 is. fitted, the latter being capable of rotation within casting 106. A lstuiiing box gland 108 enables this swivel joint to be made water-tight. To the inner flange 109 of the member 106 is secured a casting 106' which forms a ball race, and a face plate 110 is bolted to the cylindrical casting 107, the periphery of this plate 110 being toothed to form a spur gear with which meshes a pinion 111 turned by a crank 112, thus enabling the casting 107 to be revolved. I prefer toprovide a ball bearing between the outboard flanges of castings 106 and 107, as indicated at 107.

The outer face of casting 107 carries bearings 113 and 114, in which is mounted a cylindrical tube 115 capable of being rotated by means of a Worm wheel 116 and a suitable worm, the shaft of which extends through a stung box into the interior of the compartment and may be turned by crank 117. An arm 118 is secured to the bottom of the tube 115, and this arm carries a bearing member rv119 in Ywhich another cylindrical tube 120 is so mounted that it may be tipped forward as shown by dotted lines, its tipping movement being controlled by a wire rope 121 Which passes over a pulley 122 and down inside of the cylindrical tube llwhere its end is secured to the end of a piston rod which is reciprocated by a piston shown by dotted lines at 123. This piston may be reciprocated by pressure fluid supplied from a hydraulic or other system through flexible piping entering the operating compartment through the casting 107 in a manner well known.

The lazy tongs of the grab arm G are pivoted to bearing member 119 and to reciprocating bearing sleeves 124 and 125 slidable upon-the tube 120. A center bolt in sleeve 125 passes through the bars of the lazy tongs as shown and through slots 126 in the tube 120 within which it engages a crosshead indicated in dotted lines. This crosshead is connected to a piston rod carried by a piston indicated at 127, and the piston and hence the crosshead may be reciprocated by hydraulic pressure controlled by valves connected with the hydraulic system previously referred to. The long arm lazy tong mechanism G is shown in an extended position in Fig. 7 with a hydraulic grab 128 carried at its outer end. This hydraulic grab is similar to that described in more detail in my co-pending application for Submarine haivesting and recovery apparatus, Serial No. 568,373, led October 15, 1931. As this o-r any other suitable type o i grab may be used I shall not describe it in further detail here. The cable for supplying current to the electric lamp 17, previously described,

passes over pulleys placed Within the pairs of lazy tongs, as indicated at 130, 131 and 132, and then passes through the cylindrical casting 107 into the interior of the compartment. This Aarrangement of pulleys keeps the cable in place at all times as the long arm is extended and retracted. As previously stated, suitable lookout windows, as indicated at 133, enable an operator within the control compartment to extend the grab to any desired position through the opening made in the side of the ship and withdraw its cargo and drop it into the cargo-receiving receptacle I, from which receptacle it may be picked up by other grab buckets or the like operated from the surface vessel to which the submersible apparatus is attached, as shown more in detail in my co-pending application for patentY for Submarine salvage and recovery apparatus, Serial No. 571,348, previously referred to.

I have found in my submarine Work that the field of vision is very much limited when looking through the usual eye ports, and as it is essentiall to have as large a field of vision as possible in an apparatus of this kind I provide lookout windows of the type shown in detail in Fig. 8. In this type of window a casting 134 is provided forming the female portion of aball-and-socket joint and adapted to be secured to the wall of an observation compartment. The male portion 135 of the joint forms the eyeport frame and carries the glass 136. glass when the window is not being used, and this cover may be opened and closed by a small cylinder 138 tted to the frame 135 and extending through a hole drilled in glass 138, and provided with a piston and piston rod to which is connected a link 140 pivoted to the cover 137 at 141.

Fluid under pressure is admitted through pipeV 142 back of the piston to hold the cover closed,

and to open the coverto any desired position,

A hinged flap cover 137 protects thefluid from the pressure reservoir is admitted into the cylinder in front of the piston. As the area of the piston in front is greater than at the back, due to the presence of the piston rod, the same uid pressure will cause the cover to .be opened to any desired extent. A three-way stop cock at 143 admits fluid to the front of the piston or returns it to its sump tank. I may place a concave mirror 144 on the inside of the flap cover, and glass 136 may also be of concave form, as shown, for the purpose of increasing the field, as I nd that objects viewed through flat glass under water appear much magnified, with a reduction of eld as compared with that visible when looking through air.

When under water, the hydrostatic pressure tends to hold the frame 135 to its seat, but to give a further guarantee of watertightness I may install a cup leather packing as shown at 145. I also install a concave retaining ring 146 which is turned at the same radius as the outside portion of the casting 134 and is Screwed onto piece 135 so as to clamp the partially spherical hollow section 134 between the frame piece 135 and thus retaining ringl 146 with an easy turning fit.

Gear teeth are cut in the periphery of ring 146, and surrounding the ring gear thus provided and carried it, I provide rings 147 and 148 which, when bolted together over the ring gear form bearings for a pinion 149. The assembled rings 147 and 143 are prevented from rotating by jack screws 150, 151 and 152 which are threaded through the rings 147 and 148 and bear against a curved footing piece 153. It is obvious that by alternately releasing some of the jack screws and tightening others, the ball-shaped frame may be tipped in any direction to change the axis of the line of vision and thus increase the field of vision through the window opening. Assuming that the normal field of vision is 60 degrees, and the tipping movement allows about 20 degrees further vision in any direction, then the possible eld of vision is increased to 100 degrees in a direct line from the normal axis of the eye port when in its central position. Now, by setting the cover 137 with its mirror 144 at an angle of 45 degrees, and rotating the frame 135 by turning the crank of pinion 149, it is evident that 360 degrees of vision may be had in a circular band surrounding the axis of the eye port when in its central position. Moreover, by varying the angle of the cover 137 and itsmirror, a field equal to one-half of a hollow sphere may be included. Therefore, two such windows placedin positions shown at 9 and 10 in Fig. 1, will enable the observers to secure practically an all-around View from the observation compartment D.

In this apparatus I have provided mechanisms for cutting through the sides of a sunken ship and removing the cargo therefrom by power-applied mechanical means to thus avoid, as far as possible, the well known dangers incident to sending divers out in the usual dress, and although I have described in detail yvarious structural features and combinations of mechanism whereby the desired results may be obtained, it is to be understood that I do not consider my invention as limited thereto, for the reason that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the following claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a submarine salvage and recovery apparatus, a submersible tubular member provided with bulkheads or partitions providing a divers compartment and an air lock, and a plurality of compartments intermediate same, and a passageway affording direct communication between said divers compartment and said air lock, and doors aiording communication between said passageway and said intermediate compartments.

2. Apparatus as claimed in claim l, in which means are provided for isolating said divers compartment from said passageway and air lock.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which a portion of the submersible tubular member affords a means of communication between said divers compartment and a surface vessel, the means of communication including said air lock, and means for closing such communication including a sealing hatch for said air lock, whereby the air lock, passageway, intermediate compartments and divers compartment are isolated from the surface vessel.

4. In a submarine salvage and recovery apparatus, a submersible tubular member provided with means for rotatably connecting it with an attending vessel, tool carrying means associated with said tubular member and adapted for operation upon submerged objects, and means for rotating said tubular member upon its longitudinal axis to bring said tools into operative position.

5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4, in which the means for rotating said tubular member comprises a gear member rotatably carried by the tubular member and anchored to the attending vessel, and a gear member iixedly carried by the tubular member and cooperating with the other gear member and operable from within the tubular member to turn the same relatively to said other gear member.

6. In a submarine salvage and recovery apparatus, a submersible member providing a compartment adapted to receive workmen and protect them from the surroundingwater, a derrick arranged exteriorly of said working compartment and supported by said submersible member, said derrick including a pair of supporting members hingedly connected at their lower ends, one of said supporting members carried by said submersible member for rotation with respect to its longitudinal axis and also upon an axis normal thereto, and the other supporting member carrying an extensible arm and angularly adjustable upon its hinge connection relatively to the other supporting member, and means associated with said supporting members and operable from within said compartment for imparting desired movement to said supporting members and to said extensible arm.

7. In a submarine salvage and recovery apparatus, a submersible member providing a compartment adapted to receive workmen and protect them from the surrounding water, a toolcarrying compartment member, means including a tubular element providing a connection between said compartment and said tool-carrying member and affording communication therebetween, a swivel connection between said tubular element and said submersible member whereby the former may be swung in any direction relatively to the latter, means connecting said swivel connection and tubular element whereby the latter may be rotated relatively to the former, and means for projecting and retracting said toolcarrying member with respect to said tubular' element, and means for rotating said tool-carrying member relatively to said tubular element, whereby the tool-carrying member may be brought into appropriate positio-n for operation of its tools and any tool carried by it may be properly positioned with respect to the work.

8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7, in which means operable from within said compartment, tubular element and tool-carrying member are provided for imparting the desired movements to these said parts.

9. Apparatus as claimed in claim '7, including Y means carried by said tubular element for detachably connecting same with a sunken object, whereby the tools of the tool-carrying member may be maintained in operative position with respect to the work.

l0. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 including means carried by said tubular element for detachably connecting same with a sunken object for maintaining the tools of the tool-carrying member in operative position with respect to the work, said detachable connecting means including a gripping device axially aligned with said swivel connection, whereby the swivel connection and gripping device may act as relatively iixed pivot points for rotation of said tubular element.

11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 including means carried by said tubular element for detachably connecting same with a sunken object for maintaining the tools of the tool-carrying member in operative position with respect to the work, said detachable connecting means including gripping devices which are extensible and retractable relatively to the tubular element, whereby tools carried by said tool-carrying member may be advanced to and backed oi from the work.

12. In a submarine salvage and recovery apparatus, a submersible member provided with a lookout window comprising a ball and socket type of universally adjustable cooperating members, including a fixed frame member attached to the submersible member and provided with spherical interior and exterior surfaces, and connected interior and exterior frame members cooperating with and intimately engaging the interior and exterior spherical surfaces of the xed frame member, one of said connected frame members provided with a glazed sight opening.

13. Apparatus as claimed in claim l2, in which the sight opening is provided with a movable cover.

14. Apparatus as claimed in claim l2, in which separate means are provided for rotating and oscillating the connected frame members relatively to the xed frame member.

SIMON LAKE.

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