US1946670A - Ferro-titanium alloy and method of making same - Google Patents
Ferro-titanium alloy and method of making same Download PDFInfo
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- US1946670A US1946670A US557135A US55713531A US1946670A US 1946670 A US1946670 A US 1946670A US 557135 A US557135 A US 557135A US 55713531 A US55713531 A US 55713531A US 1946670 A US1946670 A US 1946670A
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- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- ferro
- carbon
- alloy
- titanium alloy
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Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
- C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys
Definitions
- My invention relates generally to titanium alloys for the treatment of ferro-metals and more particularly to the methods of making such an alloy for treating iron and steel to remove there- 5 from gaseous or other impurities that have injurious effects upon the metal and to modify the properties of such metals by incorporating therewith itanium and silicon.
- ferro-titanium alloys now in common use are made either with about 7% carbon to insure freedom from the comparatively inactive nitride, or by the aluminothermic process to give a low-carbon alloy of low melting point.
- Other ferro-titanium alloys containing silicon have been described, but are not widely used, probably because of too high a melting point.
- the fusion temperature ofthese alloys varies directly with the carbon content, so that for low melting points a low carbon content is essential.
- the ferro-carbon-titanium containing about 7% carbon has awide field of usefulness, and is the least expensive form of titanium available, on account of ease of manufacture.
- a low carbon alloy is desirable, as for example, when a content of metallic titanium, as distinct from titanium-carbide, is desired in an alloy steel, or when the titanium alloy used must have a low fusion temperature as in treating small quantities of steel or cast iron where rapid absorption of the alloy in the melt is essential.
- ferro-titanium alloy containing silicon which has a low melting point and can be made without difliculty in an ordinary electric furnace.
- the alloy contains not over 1% carbon, and it is also practically free from aluminum, thus permitting it to be used in steels Where no inclusions of alumina are permissible. It can be used to confer the benefits of titanium-treatment on gray cast iron in small ladles, and the strength of the iron is increased about 25% by such treatment. strength iron may be made in small amounts when desired from a cupola-run of ordinary iron without changing the charge in the cupola.
- this improved alloy When incorporated in the flux coating on electric welding rods in a finely-divided form, this improved alloy has been found to prevent the formation of oxide and nitride of iron in the depositedmetal, which is thus made similar in structure to a steel casting.
- My improved titanium alloy is readily made in the usual carbon-lined furnace by the simultaneous reduction of ilmenite which is a ferroustitanate (FeTiOa)' containing about titanium oxide with the balance iron oxide and silica rock or quartz containing about 98% silica. These ingredients are preferably crushed to about half-inch size, though any size available between 40-mesh and one inch lumps may be used.
- Barley coal is used for reduction, and a small amount of ferro-carbon-titanium, for example that described in the U. S. Rossi and Meredith Patent No. 1,039,672 of September 24, 1912, crushed to about to inch size, is added in place of the usual scrap iron in order to increase the electrical conductivity of the charge.
- This substitution of the high-carbon titanium alloy for scrap-iron in the charge is an essential part of my improved methods, for by this means I have found it possible to obtain a satisfactory content of titanium in the product without raising the carbon content too high for good fusibility.
- Such alloy'made in this way contains 15 to Thus high- 25% each of titanium'and silicon, and less than hon-titanium 12 to 18%; coal 12 to 20%.
- the coal may be so distributed through the mix to be charged that more is added in the final portions of the furnace charge than in the portions that are in the furnace longer.
- the furnace should be charged slowly, and should be tapped 20 to 30 minutes after the last of the charge is melted,
- silicon content about 20%, about 0.5% of carbon,
- the step which consists in reducing titaniferous ore and silica in a carbon-lined furnace in the presence of ferrocarbon-titanium, the charge containing a reducing agent and a preponderating amount of iron for the production of said ferro-alloy having a titanium content above 15%, a silicon content less than 25%, and carbon less than 1%.
- the step which consists in reducing in a carbon-lined electric furnace a charge containing approximately the following ingredients: ilmenite (30 to 35%); silica (35 to 40%); ferro-carbon-titanium (12 to 18%); and coal (12 to 20%) to form a ferro-titanium alloy containing over 15% titanium with silicon content about 20% and not over 1% of carbon.
- the step which consists in reducing in a carbon-lined electric furnace a charge containing approximately the following ingredients: ilmenite 32%; silica 38%; ferro-carbon-titanium 15%; and coal 15%, to form a ferro-titanium alloy containing over 15% titanium with the silicon content about 20% and not over 1% of carbon.
Description
Patented Feb. 13, 1934 PATENT OFFICE UNITED STATES FERRO-TITANIUM ALLOY AND METHOD MAKING SAME Maine N0 Drawing. Application August 14, 1931 Serial No. 557,135
Claims.
My invention relates generally to titanium alloys for the treatment of ferro-metals and more particularly to the methods of making such an alloy for treating iron and steel to remove there- 5 from gaseous or other impurities that have injurious effects upon the metal and to modify the properties of such metals by incorporating therewith itanium and silicon.
The ferro-titanium alloys now in common use are made either with about 7% carbon to insure freedom from the comparatively inactive nitride, or by the aluminothermic process to give a low-carbon alloy of low melting point. Other ferro-titanium alloys containing silicon have been described, but are not widely used, probably because of too high a melting point. The fusion temperature ofthese alloys varies directly with the carbon content, so that for low melting points a low carbon content is essential.
For general use as a deoxidizer and scavenger of molten steel, the ferro-carbon-titanium containing about 7% carbon has awide field of usefulness, and is the least expensive form of titanium available, on account of ease of manufacture. For certain purposes however a low carbon alloy is desirable, as for example, when a content of metallic titanium, as distinct from titanium-carbide, is desired in an alloy steel, or when the titanium alloy used must have a low fusion temperature as in treating small quantities of steel or cast iron where rapid absorption of the alloy in the melt is essential.
The only alloys heretofore available for such purposes are the alumino-thermic ferro-titania um, which suffers from the objection'of an alu minum content, not desired in many steels which must be as clean as possible; and certain alloys containing titanium and silicon. The latter, as described in the literature, have been 40 made in such a way as would inevitably result in a carbon content greatly above 1%, so that the fusion point would be not low enough to compensate for the additional cost of such alloys as compared with the more generally used and well known ferro-carbon-titanium.
I have discovered a new ferro-titanium alloy containing silicon, which has a low melting point and can be made without difliculty in an ordinary electric furnace. The alloy contains not over 1% carbon, and it is also practically free from aluminum, thus permitting it to be used in steels Where no inclusions of alumina are permissible. It can be used to confer the benefits of titanium-treatment on gray cast iron in small ladles, and the strength of the iron is increased about 25% by such treatment. strength iron may be made in small amounts when desired from a cupola-run of ordinary iron without changing the charge in the cupola.
When incorporated in the flux coating on electric welding rods in a finely-divided form, this improved alloy has been found to prevent the formation of oxide and nitride of iron in the depositedmetal, which is thus made similar in structure to a steel casting.
My improved titanium alloy is readily made in the usual carbon-lined furnace by the simultaneous reduction of ilmenite which is a ferroustitanate (FeTiOa)' containing about titanium oxide with the balance iron oxide and silica rock or quartz containing about 98% silica. These ingredients are preferably crushed to about half-inch size, though any size available between 40-mesh and one inch lumps may be used. 1
Barley coal is used for reduction, and a small amount of ferro-carbon-titanium, for example that described in the U. S. Rossi and Meredith Patent No. 1,039,672 of September 24, 1912, crushed to about to inch size, is added in place of the usual scrap iron in order to increase the electrical conductivity of the charge. This substitution of the high-carbon titanium alloy for scrap-iron in the charge is an essential part of my improved methods, for by this means I have found it possible to obtain a satisfactory content of titanium in the product without raising the carbon content too high for good fusibility. If scrap-iron is used in the charge, and the titanium content of the product is raised by increasing the proportion of titanium ore to silica in the charge, it is found that the carbon content rises with it, something I wish to avoid as hereinbefore described. But by using ferro-carbon-titanium in the charge in place of scrap-iron, it is possible to so adjust the proportions of titanium ore and silica used as to obtain a new low carbon ferro-titanium alloy containing over 15% titanium with silicon content about 20% and not over 1% carbon.
Such alloy'made in this way contains 15 to Thus high- 25% each of titanium'and silicon, and less than hon-titanium 12 to 18%; coal 12 to 20%. The coal may be so distributed through the mix to be charged that more is added in the final portions of the furnace charge than in the portions that are in the furnace longer. The furnace should be charged slowly, and should be tapped 20 to 30 minutes after the last of the charge is melted,
silicon content about 20%, about 0.5% of carbon,
and the balance substantially iron.
3. In the method of making a low-melting, silicon-containing, term-titanium alloy, practically free from aluminum, the step which consists in reducing titaniferous ore and silica in a carbon-lined furnace in the presence of ferrocarbon-titanium, the charge containing a reducing agent and a preponderating amount of iron for the production of said ferro-alloy having a titanium content above 15%, a silicon content less than 25%, and carbon less than 1%.
4. In the method of making a low-melting ferro-titanium alloy the step which consists in reducing in a carbon-lined electric furnace a charge containing approximately the following ingredients: ilmenite (30 to 35%); silica (35 to 40%); ferro-carbon-titanium (12 to 18%); and coal (12 to 20%) to form a ferro-titanium alloy containing over 15% titanium with silicon content about 20% and not over 1% of carbon.
5. In the method of making a low-melting, silicon-containing, ferro-titanium alloy, practically free from aluminum, the step which consists in reducing in a carbon-lined electric furnace a charge containing approximately the following ingredients: ilmenite 32%; silica 38%; ferro-carbon-titanium 15%; and coal 15%, to form a ferro-titanium alloy containing over 15% titanium with the silicon content about 20% and not over 1% of carbon.
GEORGE F. COMSTOCK.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US557135A US1946670A (en) | 1931-08-14 | 1931-08-14 | Ferro-titanium alloy and method of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US557135A US1946670A (en) | 1931-08-14 | 1931-08-14 | Ferro-titanium alloy and method of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1946670A true US1946670A (en) | 1934-02-13 |
Family
ID=24224188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US557135A Expired - Lifetime US1946670A (en) | 1931-08-14 | 1931-08-14 | Ferro-titanium alloy and method of making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1946670A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2483181A (en) * | 1948-05-19 | 1949-09-27 | American Steel Foundries | Spring group |
-
1931
- 1931-08-14 US US557135A patent/US1946670A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2483181A (en) * | 1948-05-19 | 1949-09-27 | American Steel Foundries | Spring group |
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