US1946475A

US1946475A - Gasket

Info

Publication number: US1946475A
Application number: US688769A
Authority: US
Inventors: George A Barker
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1932-10-20
Filing date: 1932-10-20
Publication date: 1934-02-13
Anticipated expiration: 1951-02-13

Description

Patented Feb. 13, 1934 GASKET f George A. Barker, Rochester, N. Y.

, Application October 20,

9 Claims.

1932. sei-iai No. ssa-169 01, 28s-1) (Granted under the act ot March 3, 1883, as

amended April 30,

This invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.

This invention relates to gaskets and more particularly to the type of gaskets made up of a plurality of layers one of which is areinforcement and theothers of which preferably comprise compressible material, the invention having for its object to provide a construction which may be cheaply manufactured and'whch is more efficient in use than those heretofore employed.

With these and other objects in view the invention resides in the novel details of construction and combinations of parts `as will be disclosed more fully hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. 1

' Referring to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification in which like numerals designate like parts in all the views,

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a `portion of the reinforcement of cellular nature constituting one of the layers of the complete gasket;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of one type of reinforcement contemplated by this invention;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation ofthe -reinforcement shown in Fig. 2 with compressible material placed on either side thereof;

' Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the construction shown in Fig. 3 after pressure has been applied `tc the outer surfaces. thereof;

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of another form of cellular reinforcement made in accordance with this invention; f

Fig. 6 is a sectional View taken as on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5 and looking in the directionof the arrows, this figure showing the compressible material associated with said reinforcement;

Fig. 7 is a sectional detail illustrating a modification of the cellular structure of the reinforcement;

Fig. 8 is a sectional detail illustrating a modification of the enveloping layer construction; and

Fig. 9 is a side elevation showing a gasket, made in accordance with this invention, applied between the anges of adjacent sections of piping.

In order that this invention may be more properly understood it is said that in heretofore known gasket constructions there has not been a uniform thickness throughout said gasket, par ticularly in the case of gaskets made by laminating'metallic and fibrous material. This result was caused by protuberances formed by portions of the metallic element, or separate metallic elements, employed to hold the laminated gasket together. Therefore, leaks commonly occurred from such heretofore known constructions, caused by an incomplete seal due to said protuberances, to the end that cements of various kinds including varnish had to be used as a preventive measure 00 but, where such gaskets were used between members of a-mechanical assemblage in which high heat was developed, these cements have been affected by the heat to the end that they usually boiled out, and thus any advantage of said cements was lost. Thisv invention, on the other hand, is directed to the provision of a gasket made up of plural layers one of which is of metallic and cellular construction, the remaining layers being formed of c'ompressibler and/or penetrable l0 material.

Referring to the drawing, 1 generally indicates the layer of metallic reinforcement which is of cellular construction, the cells in Fig. 1 being -parallelly disposed with reference to each other and openly extending entirely through said layer. These cells may be of various cross sectional area and shape that is they may be polygonal as indicated in Fig. 1, hexagonal as shown in Fig. 2, square as shown in Fig. 5, or of any other shape including'circul'ar and in this latter case the layer could be made by soldering,

welding, or otherwise securing al plurality of circular tubes in mass formation. i v

`A layer 2.of compressible material such as asbestos wool, rubber, cork, treated paper, or any other suitable substance, and which preferably is treated with water-proofing substances such as resinates, oleates. bitumens or asphalts, is applied to one of the sides of the reinforcement so as to cover one end of the cells of the latter. 'A similar layer 3 is applied to the opposite side of the reinforcement to cover the other end of said cells. The layers 2` and 3 may be cemented or not to the reinforcement, this invention also contemplating other means of securement than cement, such as stitching, and the attachment of the various layers may be accomplished by partially compressing the

layers

2 and 3 into the open ended cells of the reinforcement, and/or vbending or crimping the cellular wall about portions of the compressible material extending into the open ends of the cells. in Fig. 3 is particularly vshown the result of this partial compression resulting in the portions 4 of the compressible material entering appreciably the open end of .f ame of the cells of the reinforcement.

Further compression of the laminated gasket shown in Fig. 3' produces a construction illus- .central portions of the cells of the reinforcement a substantial strengthening of the reinforcing trated in Fig. 4 wherein the metal reinforcesay, the cells of the row 15 are inclined as shown ment is squashed, the upper and lower portions in Fig. 6 from upper right to lower left whereas of said gasket having moved in opposite directhe cells of the next adjacent row 16 are inclined tions resulting in an oblique disposition of the from upper left to lower right. This results in and a curving or crimping-of the extreme ends vlayer `so that, for example, when Ya laminated of the cells about the portions 4 of the comgasket made according to this construction is pressible material. This results in a positive placed between the iianges 7 and 9 and the bolts lock between the reinforcement and the com- 11 and 12 tightened, the open ended cells of the pressible material while maintaining the cellular reinforcement will bite deeper into the 'layers 2 nature of the reinforcement.v It is to be unand 3 of compressible material in accordance derstood, of course, that this additional compres- With the increase of pressure applied n the Sesion of the laminated gasket is only sufficient Curing bOltS. l to bring about said locking relation, and is not In other words. this oppositely directed cellular so great as to cause a complete meshing with construction 0f the reinforcement isgrilaintainedconsequent destruction of the cells, wherefore t0 @greater degreeullponfhrupiin 0f Dressaid gasket may be still further compressed whenWSllleiOIlrOpDUSfB SdeS 0f the laminated' gasket, drawing up the adjacent; ends of the mechanical" than is possible with the construction shown for assemblage between which the gasket is used exemple. in Fie. 3, andtherefore the former is as a sea. not deformed to as great an extent as in the case From the foregoing description it win there- Where all 0f the Cells 0f ihereirliorcement are fore be understood that this invention is directed lleliy/d'srposed. t0 vefwlffojth'er. construc-m'd to the formation of a gasket each of V the myers tien according t0 the Shewlne 1n Fles. 5 end 6 of which have parallel plane surfaces so that, Would be more deslrable.XQIQ.eextlemewples" when the gasket is finally laminated, the exposed Sul'fis Wer? @Xrvted' at the 301m bemg Sealed, Suh 100 sealing surfaces and 6 will lie substantiallyA ,as mthe CaSe'With extremely hg'hQTeSSU-TGS 1n in parallel planes, which is the normal desire the Plpng 8 10 01' Where great Tlgldlty Was de' in a'u gaskets. when such a gasket-is inserted, sired with respect to the mechanical assemblage. for instance between the/,gnge 7 of a pipe 8 Otherwise the same principles are involved in the and the ange Oy adjacent Substantially constructions of this reinforcement as in the other aligning and/similar pipelO `then a tightening types uusmfaftedf' c of the bolts 1l and l2, passing through said All important feature of this invention 1s that,

..anges Wm Compress Said gasket and cause a by any of these constructions, the major portion seal of the joint between the surfaces 5 and 6 of th? gaskot ils ,comoosed of Cells of metallic thereof and the surfaces of Said anges. If material which 1s infinitely stronger than fibrous the bolts 11 and 12 are evenly tightened then or other compressible material. In other words, the gasket will have substantially equal comthe maJor portlon of heretofore known gasket pression throughout. constructions has been material of compressible on the other hand, and as distinctly Shown nature, and usually any metallic element in such in Fig. 9, this laminated gasket is of such cona gaskeohas been oononod to an onvelop dis' struction that unequal tightening of said bolts posed about the ooolmesslblo mammal; that 1s will still cause a complete seal, due to the fact there has been p'ovfoed an moet layer of sels" that the extremely thin walls of the Geus of the tively soft compressible material of appreciable reinforcement will yield under the variable presthickness disposed between upper and lower'lsyers of extremely thin sheet metal, the metal coming 120 lo Sgsogilsllf plggrgmllng in contact withthe surfacesof the mechanical set in this portion of the laminated gasket assemblage suchasthefianges'and 9. It therewherefore said bolts do not have to be tight; fore resulted that, when these extremely thin ened With the extreme care that mightl be exsheets .of metal were ruptured punctured or peoted although they win be tightened to "suon otherwse. stoken' the pressure and/or the sub' a degroe asto cause the desired seal. Also the stane wlthm the mechantcal assemblage could yieldable nature of the compressible material will readuy escape through the mterstlces of the Comcreate an internal stress or pressure in the body presslble mammal of the laminated gasket, to the end that the external surfaces 5 and 6 of said gasket will lie in sealing contact with the surfaces of the iianges 7 and 9. This is markedly contrasted to the seals made by heretofore known types of gaskets Whose inner layer is soft fibrous material and Whose outer layers are metallic, usually requiring a fine machining of the surfaces of the flanges '7 and 9 to create the sealing contact with the gasket, and also contrasted to the imsecuring the metallic members to the fibrous material of said heretofore known gaskets.

In the construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6,'th-e cells are of square cross sectional area, and arranged in parallel rows as shown. However, these cells are obliquely disposed in the block forming the reinforcing layer and, further, the inclination of the alternate rows is different from the inclination of the intermediate rows. Thot iS t0 As contradistinguished from this undesirable result it will be seen that this invention provides a metallic cellular construction constituting the major portion of the laminated gasket, the reinforcement being disposed centrally .of said gasket. Upon applying pressure, as when forming the seal, the edges of the cells formed by this thin sheet metal bite deeper into thesubstance of the compressible outer layers of the gasket, and could substantially pass therethrough in certain instances. Therefore, any vextremely high mg 8-10 might rupture pressure Within the pip ment, but it is extremely improbable that it would cause a rupture which vwould extend clear through said reinforcement, whereby the pres# sure and/or substance in trying to escape from said piping through a ruptured cell would pass into and be coniinedin the next adjacent cell. Therefore it is an object ofthis invention to provide the cells with relatively small cross sectional areas and preferably it is vcontemplated to have such areas approximately equal to oneeighth of a square inch, although this dimension will be varied appropriately according to the conditions and usagefor such a gasket. The thickness of the sheet metal forming the walls of these cells also may be varied in proportion to the pressure or usage for such a gasket, although with a cell area of one-eighth of a square inch, the thickness of Y.the cell wall would be approximately onesixty-fourth of an inclr.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 'I the cellular principle is retained but, instead of the cells being continuous from one side to the other of thereinforcing layer, they are separated by a division wall ZOf'The side walls of the cells may be perpendicular to this division wall or they may be inclined with respect thereto, and also the cells such as 2l on one side of the division wall may be registrably superposed with respect to the cells such as 22 on the other side thereof or. the cells 21 and 22 may have staggered relation.

In Fig. 8 is shown a modification of the enveloping--orrcoverng layers wherein 1 is a core or central layer of cellular construction such asV illustrated in Fig. 2, and 23 and 24 are respectively the upper and lower layers replacing the hereinbefore described'dayers of compressible material. In this modification the covering

layers

23 and 24 are sheets of material having a surface which may be penetrated by the end edges of the cells of the core, the material contemplated including casting-metal, lead, soft c'opper or brass, type-metal and others, it being understood that the material used may or may not b'e softer than the metal of the cellular core. The inner surface of each of these

layers

23 and 24 may be previously scored, or not as preferred, to establish seats for the edges of the cell walls.

It is obvious that those skilled in the art may Vary the details of construction and arrangements of parts within the scope of this invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore it is not desired to be limited to the foregoing description except as may be required by the claims.

1. A gasket comprising a layer of cellular material, the cells arranged in rows, the cells of one row extending in a direction oblique with respect to the cells in the next adjacent row; and a layer of material capable of being penetrated by the end edges of the cells of said first named layer.

2. A gasket comprising a layer of cellular reinforcing material; and a layer of gasket material, the cells of the reinforcing layer arranged in rows with the central axes of said cells oblique to the surface of the layers and inclined in opposite directions in alternate rows, said layers of reinforcing and gasket material being united by compression which partially forces the gasket material within the cells of the reinforcing material and clamps the same thereto by crimping of the cell walls.

3. A laminated gasket including a layer of reinforcing material composed of honey-combed cells having deformable partitions and a layer of compressible gasket material, the gasket material partially projecting within said honey-combed cells and retained therein by the deformation of the cells.

4. A laminated gasket including a layer of reinforcing material constructed of honey-combed cells having deformable side walls, exterior adjacent layers of compressible gasket material with projecting protuberances extending within the cell passages and anchored therein by intercellular projections produced by the deformation of the side walls.

5. A laminated gasket including a layer of reinforcing material constructed of honey-combed cells having deformable side walls, exterior adjacent layersV of compressible gasket material with projecting protuberances extending within the cell passages and anchored therein by interior projections of the side walls when deformed by external pressure.

6. A laminated gasket including a layer of reinforcing material composed of honey-combed cells having side walls adapted to be deformed under pressure, and an adjacent layer of compressible gasket material having protuberances projecting within the cells and anchored therein by restriction of the internal area of thedeformed cells.

7. A laminated gasket including a central layer of reinforcing material composed of honeycombed cells having side wallsadapted to be deformed under pressure, and exterior adjacent layers of compressible gasket material having protuberances projecting within the cells and anchored therein by restriction of the internal area of the deformed cells.

8. A gasket having a core layer of relatively rigid material with recesses extending inwardly from opposite sides of said layer and separated from each other by-a common division wall, and layers of gasket material on opposite sides of said core layer adapted to be pressed into said recesses to compensate for variations in the contour of the surfaces between which the gasket is located.

9. A gasket having a core layer of relatively rigid material with recesses extending inwardly from opposite sides of said layer and separated from each other by a common division wall, said wall being substantially parallel to the outer surfaces of said core layer, and layers of gasket material on opposite sides of the said core layer adapted to be pressed into said recesses to compensate for variations in the contour of the surfaces between which the gasket is located.

GEORGE A. BARKER.