US1946231A - Process for the manufacture of alloys of precious metals which are amenable to heat treatment - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of alloys of precious metals which are amenable to heat treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1946231A US1946231A US477798A US47779830A US1946231A US 1946231 A US1946231 A US 1946231A US 477798 A US477798 A US 477798A US 47779830 A US47779830 A US 47779830A US 1946231 A US1946231 A US 1946231A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloys
- heat treatment
- metals
- amenable
- platinum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
Definitions
- the object of my invention is a process for the manufacture of precious metal alloys which are amenable to heat treatment resulting in a modification of their physical and mechanical 5 properties.
- alloys of precious metals of a certain composition may be subjected to a heat treatment resulting in a modification of their mechanical and physical properties.
- I mean a treatment which consists, on the one hand, on subjecting saidalloys to certain relatively high temperatures which are, however, well below their fusion point and subsequently quenching the said alloys, this treatment resulting in a softening of the treated objects, and on the other hand heating the alloys previously treated in the said manner to certain lower temperatures than those applied in the first instance, whereby the treated objects are hardened.
- Such alloys have the particular advantage that after they have been converted into a softer modification they may be mechanically worked with greater ease and subsequently they may be subjected to suitable temperatures,
- alloys of precious metals which per se are not amenable to heat treatment as described above may be converted into alloys amenable to heat treatment by the addition of relatively small quantities of certain other metals.
- Alloys which are amenable to heat treatment in the sense described above are, for instance, gold-platinum alloys, which contain 20% and more of platinum. Such gold-platinum alloys, however, which contain smaller quantities of platinum are not amenable to heat treatment in the sense described.
- the desired heat responsive property may be given to alloys of precious metals which originally are not amenable to heat treatment by the addition of relatively small quantities of certain metals, especially metals which do not belong to the class of precious metals.
- My invention may inter alia be applied to such alloys as consist chiefly of precious metals such as, for instance, gold and silver and which in addition contain metals of the platinum group such as, for instance, platinum, palladium, iridium and the like.
- the alloys may contain other metals such as copper.
- the quantity of the main constituents such as, for instance, gold, silver and the like, may be for instance from up to slightly less than 100%.
- the quantity of the precious metals such as platinum and/or other platinum metals, which are the minor components and are to be alloyed with the main component may be up to 25%.
- the metals such as iron, zinc and the like which are added to the precious metals in order to make the resulting product amenable to heat treatment may be present in quantities of, for instance, 0.05 to 5%. In certain cases the quantities may be slightly less or slightly greater.
- the action of the additional metals such as iron, zinc and the like might depend upon their 95 capability of forming compounds with certain precious metals, especially with the metals of the platinum group, these compounds probably being soluble at higher temperatures for instance, those of 900 centigrade in the metals forming the main constituents of the alloys such as gold, silver and the like to a greater degree than at lower temperatures such'as, for instance,500 centigrade.
- alloys made according to my invention have the capability of forming at higher temperatures of about 900 centigrade solid solutions which after having been subjected to quenching yield products which are soft and capable of being mechanically no worked upon with ease and which on being subjected subsequently to lower temperatures such as, for instance, 500 centigrade are hardened and made more compact.
- This latter fact may be attributed to the circumstance that com pounds of the additional metals such as iron with the constituent of the precious metal alloys, such as platinum or platinum metals, are separated from the supersaturated solution by the treatment.
- Example 1 An alloy consisting of 89.87% Au, 9.92% Pt and 0.21% Fe is heated to about 900 centigrade and then quenched whereby it is made considerably softer. This product, which if desired, may be mechanically worked upon is then heated to about 550' centigrade for about 120 minutes. The Brinell hardness is increased from normally 40 to 110.
- Example 2 An alloy consisting of 85,8 parts gold, 10,0 parts platinum, 1,6 parts silver, 1,2 parts copper, and 1,4 parts iron is heated to approximately 900 centigrade and quenched. The alloy thus treated is heated during minutes to about 550 centigrade. By this treatment a Brinell hardness of 120 is attained whilst it was originally 40.
- Example 4 An alloy consisting of 885 parts by weight of gold, 100 parts platinum and 15 parts zinc has, after it has been treated by firstly heating it to 90 centigrade, quenching it and subsequently heating it again to 550 centigrade for 5 minutes, a hardness of 150 Brinell results, and. 170 Brinell if the second heating lasts for 15 minutes, whilst the hardness of the untreated alloy is 60 Brinell.
- the addition of iron may vary in general from 0.05 to 5%, the addition of zinc from 1 up to 8%.
- the quantities of the additional metals required in order to obtain the optimum in each case can easily be ascertained by previous experiment.
- An alloy which may be annealed and/or hardened by heat treatment consisting of about to 95% of gold, 1 to 25% of platinum, and 0.05 to 5.0% of iron.
- An alloy which may be annealed and/0r hardened by heat treatment consisting of about 70% to 95% of gold, 1.0% to 25% of platinum, and from 0.05% to 5.0% of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt.
- An alloy which may be annealed and/or hardened by heat treatment comprising 1 to 25% of platinum, 0.05 to 5.0% of iron, the rest gold.
- An alloy which may be annealed and/or hardened by heat treatment comprising 1 to 25% platinum, 0.05 to 5.0% of a metal selected from the group comprising iron, nickel, and cobalt, the rest gold.
- the alloy may consist of 70 to
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 6, 1934 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ALLOYS OF PRECIOUS METALS WHICH ARE AMENABLE TO BEAT TREATMENT Leopold Nowack, Pforzheim, Germany, aasignor to Deutsche Gold & Silber Scheideanstalt, vormals Roessler, Frankfort on the Main, Germany, a corporation No Drawing. Application August 25, 1930, Serial No. 477,798, and in Germany September 4,
4 Claims. (Cl. 75-1) The object of my invention is a process for the manufacture of precious metal alloys which are amenable to heat treatment resulting in a modification of their physical and mechanical 5 properties.
It is well known that alloys of precious metals of a certain composition may be subjected to a heat treatment resulting in a modification of their mechanical and physical properties. When I use the expression heat treatment I wish it to be understood that I mean a treatment which consists, on the one hand, on subjecting saidalloys to certain relatively high temperatures which are, however, well below their fusion point and subsequently quenching the said alloys, this treatment resulting in a softening of the treated objects, and on the other hand heating the alloys previously treated in the said manner to certain lower temperatures than those applied in the first instance, whereby the treated objects are hardened. Such alloys have the particular advantage that after they have been converted into a softer modification they may be mechanically worked with greater ease and subsequently they may be subjected to suitable temperatures,
whereby they are hardened again.
I have found that alloys of precious metals which per se are not amenable to heat treatment as described above may be converted into alloys amenable to heat treatment by the addition of relatively small quantities of certain other metals.
Alloys which are amenable to heat treatment in the sense described above are, for instance, gold-platinum alloys, which contain 20% and more of platinum. Such gold-platinum alloys, however, which contain smaller quantities of platinum are not amenable to heat treatment in the sense described.
I have found that the desired heat responsive property may be given to alloys of precious metals which originally are not amenable to heat treatment by the addition of relatively small quantities of certain metals, especially metals which do not belong to the class of precious metals. My invention may inter alia be applied to such alloys as consist chiefly of precious metals such as, for instance, gold and silver and which in addition contain metals of the platinum group such as, for instance, platinum, palladium, iridium and the like.
Besides components such as gold, silver, platinum and other metals of the platinum group the alloys may contain other metals such as copper.
Alloys which are composed of constituents of the kind just mentioned or which are intended and similar metals such as cadmium, magnesium,
beryllium and the like cause the said alloys to u have the same property of being amenable to heat treatment. The quantity of the main constituents such as, for instance, gold, silver and the like, may be for instance from up to slightly less than 100%. The quantity of the precious metals such as platinum and/or other platinum metals, which are the minor components and are to be alloyed with the main component may be up to 25%. The metals such as iron, zinc and the like which are added to the precious metals in order to make the resulting product amenable to heat treatment may be present in quantities of, for instance, 0.05 to 5%. In certain cases the quantities may be slightly less or slightly greater. In general it was found that on utilizing iron and similar metals as additional metals relatively small quantities are suflicient to attain the purpose desired. Such quantities are, for instance, 0.05 to 0.5%. In applying zinc and similar metals as additional constituents, on the whole, slightly greater quantities are required. The components of the principal alloy such as, for instance, gold and silver onthe one hand (main constituents) and platinum, palladium, iridium and the like, on the other hand, have to be selected with the aim of forming socalled solid solutions. I have formed the opinion that the action of the additional metals such as iron, zinc and the like might depend upon their 95 capability of forming compounds with certain precious metals, especially with the metals of the platinum group, these compounds probably being soluble at higher temperatures for instance, those of 900 centigrade in the metals forming the main constituents of the alloys such as gold, silver and the like to a greater degree than at lower temperatures such'as, for instance,500 centigrade. This may be the reason why the alloys made according to my invention have the capability of forming at higher temperatures of about 900 centigrade solid solutions which after having been subjected to quenching yield products which are soft and capable of being mechanically no worked upon with ease and which on being subjected subsequently to lower temperatures such as, for instance, 500 centigrade are hardened and made more compact. This latter fact may be attributed to the circumstance that com pounds of the additional metals such as iron with the constituent of the precious metal alloys, such as platinum or platinum metals, are separated from the supersaturated solution by the treatment.
Example 1 An alloy consisting of 89.87% Au, 9.92% Pt and 0.21% Fe is heated to about 900 centigrade and then quenched whereby it is made considerably softer. This product, which if desired, may be mechanically worked upon is then heated to about 550' centigrade for about 120 minutes. The Brinell hardness is increased from normally 40 to 110.
Example 2 An alloy consisting of 85,8 parts gold, 10,0 parts platinum, 1,6 parts silver, 1,2 parts copper, and 1,4 parts iron is heated to approximately 900 centigrade and quenched. The alloy thus treated is heated during minutes to about 550 centigrade. By this treatment a Brinell hardness of 120 is attained whilst it was originally 40.
Ewample 3 fluence the alloy in such a way that its hardness might be increased.
Example 4 An alloy consisting of 885 parts by weight of gold, 100 parts platinum and 15 parts zinc has, after it has been treated by firstly heating it to 90 centigrade, quenching it and subsequently heating it again to 550 centigrade for 5 minutes, a hardness of 150 Brinell results, and. 170 Brinell if the second heating lasts for 15 minutes, whilst the hardness of the untreated alloy is 60 Brinell.
In the same or similar manner other alloys of precious metals such as, for instance. of silver may be made. 95% Ag, a metal of the platinum group (for instance 29.05 to 0.05% Pt) and an additional metal (for instance 0.05 to 5% Fe). Such alloys may be subjected successfully to a heat treatment which gives similar results as in the other cases.
The addition of iron may vary in general from 0.05 to 5%, the addition of zinc from 1 up to 8%. The quantities of the additional metals required in order to obtain the optimum in each case can easily be ascertained by previous experiment.
What I claim is:
1. An alloy which may be annealed and/or hardened by heat treatment consisting of about to 95% of gold, 1 to 25% of platinum, and 0.05 to 5.0% of iron.
2. An alloy which may be annealed and/0r hardened by heat treatment consisting of about 70% to 95% of gold, 1.0% to 25% of platinum, and from 0.05% to 5.0% of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt.
3. An alloy which may be annealed and/or hardened by heat treatment comprising 1 to 25% of platinum, 0.05 to 5.0% of iron, the rest gold.
4. An alloy which may be annealed and/or hardened by heat treatment comprising 1 to 25% platinum, 0.05 to 5.0% of a metal selected from the group comprising iron, nickel, and cobalt, the rest gold.
LEOPOLD NOWACK.
The alloy may consist of 70 to
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1946231X | 1929-09-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1946231A true US1946231A (en) | 1934-02-06 |
Family
ID=7750745
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US477798A Expired - Lifetime US1946231A (en) | 1929-09-04 | 1930-08-25 | Process for the manufacture of alloys of precious metals which are amenable to heat treatment |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1946231A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2572377A (en) * | 1949-12-06 | 1951-10-23 | Columbus Dental Mfg Co | Bimetallic backing for artificial teeth |
US2716605A (en) * | 1951-12-22 | 1955-08-30 | Degussa | Acid resistant silver-palladium-gold alloys |
US3189482A (en) * | 1961-03-09 | 1965-06-15 | Gen Mills Inc | Metal film resistor and method of its formation |
US3238040A (en) * | 1962-12-18 | 1966-03-01 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Tension strips in measuring instruments and an alloy for use therein |
US4853048A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1989-08-01 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Permanent magnetic alloy comprising gold, platinum and cobalt |
US4997723A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1991-03-05 | Tanaka Dental Enterprises | Metal-porcelain dental restorations, dental veneers, dental bridges and metal foil for use therein and methods for making dental appliances |
-
1930
- 1930-08-25 US US477798A patent/US1946231A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2572377A (en) * | 1949-12-06 | 1951-10-23 | Columbus Dental Mfg Co | Bimetallic backing for artificial teeth |
US2716605A (en) * | 1951-12-22 | 1955-08-30 | Degussa | Acid resistant silver-palladium-gold alloys |
US3189482A (en) * | 1961-03-09 | 1965-06-15 | Gen Mills Inc | Metal film resistor and method of its formation |
US3238040A (en) * | 1962-12-18 | 1966-03-01 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Tension strips in measuring instruments and an alloy for use therein |
US4853048A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1989-08-01 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Permanent magnetic alloy comprising gold, platinum and cobalt |
US4997723A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1991-03-05 | Tanaka Dental Enterprises | Metal-porcelain dental restorations, dental veneers, dental bridges and metal foil for use therein and methods for making dental appliances |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US1946231A (en) | Process for the manufacture of alloys of precious metals which are amenable to heat treatment | |
US1913423A (en) | Precious metal alloy | |
US1620082A (en) | Aluminum alloy containing lithium | |
US4067750A (en) | Method of processing copper base alloys | |
US2257708A (en) | Method of working and heat treating cu-be alloys | |
US3046166A (en) | Treatment of brass | |
US3143442A (en) | Copper-base alloys and method of heat treating them | |
US2143217A (en) | Process for reducing the grain in precious metals and their respective alloys | |
US1984225A (en) | Age hardening silver of sterling or higher standard | |
DE1558790B2 (en) | Process for the production of roller electrodes for electrical resistance welding | |
US2126827A (en) | Copper-cobalt-zinc alloy | |
US2027750A (en) | Copper base alloy | |
US6074499A (en) | Boron-copper-magnesium-tin alloy and method for making same | |
US2050040A (en) | Dental alloy | |
US1945679A (en) | Corrosion resistant alloy | |
US1936550A (en) | Heat treating magnesium base alloys | |
US3404048A (en) | Magnesium alloy | |
US2088219A (en) | Alloy | |
US3166410A (en) | Forging brass alloy containing small amounts of beryllium | |
US1990168A (en) | Heat treatment of alloys | |
US1974839A (en) | Alloy | |
US2048648A (en) | Alloy and process for making same | |
US1674958A (en) | Alloy | |
DE578676C (en) | Process for improving the mechanical properties of alloys of platinum metals with one another and of gold alloys containing platinum metals | |
CH151732A (en) | Process for the production of heat treatable precious metal alloys. |