US1945015A - Electromagnetic vibrating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 30, 1934. H E, WURZBACH E -r AL 1,945,015

ELECTROMAGNET I C VI BRAT I NG APPARATUS `Filed July l, 1932 .'5 Sheets-Sheet l i i ZO I cz . A TTORNE V5 Jan- 30, 1934- H. E. wuRzBAcH Er AL 1,945,015

ELECTROMAGNETIC VIBRAT I NG APPARATUS Filed July 1, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 -i; il@

A TTORNE 'Patented' Jan. 30, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTROMAGNETIC VIBRATING APPARATUS Hugh E. Wurzbach and Clyde H. limmld,K

Magna, Utah 7 Claims.

This invention relates to an improvement yin electrically operated vibrating apparatus adapted for use in operating various vibrating devices such as screens, grizzlies, feeders, conveyors, froth breakers, etc.

The main object of the invention is to provide means for operating a vibrating device by positive electromagnetic action in both directions of the vibrating movement thereby obtaining la more effective and positive action than is possible where the vibrating movement in one direction is effected by electromagnetic means and the movement in the opposite direction is effected by resilient means operating in opposition to the electromagnetic means` A further object of the invention is to obtain economies in construction and operation by dispensing vwith resilient return means operating in opposition to the' electromagnetic operating means.

A further object of the invention is to provide for electromagnetic operation of vibrating devices by any electrical power system Without the aid of special frequency changers, motor generator sets or rotary converters for changing the voltage, frequency or shape of the current wave in the supply circuit.

The apparatus comprises electromagnetic op erating means including one or more electromagnetic units each of which comprises two-electromagnetic devices operating in opposite directions upon the operated member or means, and circuit connections for alternately energizing said electromagnetic devices. According to a preferred em'bodiment of the invention, means are provided for energizing said devices from an alternating current circuit, in such manner that the respective electromagnetic devices of each operating unit are energized alternately by alternate half waves of the alternating current. For this purpose suitable rectifying means are included in the connections from the alternating current circuit to the respective electromagnetic devices in such manner that half waves in one direction are conducted to one electromagnetic device and the half waves in the opposite direction are conducted to the other electromagnetic device, 4so that the said two electromagnetic devices operate alternately on suitable armature means connected to the operated members to effect positive vibration thereof. The operated member is preferably resiliently supported to enable it to take up the vibrations imparted thereto by the said electromagnetic means.

Electromagnetically operated vibratory devices RElSSUED have been made in which electromagnets are used to attract armatures attached to the operated vibrating member which is supported on resilient means but such devices have heretofore depended on the use of strong resilient devices such as steel bars or coil springs which give a kick or vibration to the operated member when released by the electromagnets so that, for example, the electromagnets provide the power for the stroke in one direction and the springs provide the power for the stroke in the opposite direction. These resilient devices or springs must be strong and stili so as to cause the operated member to have a quick snap When released from the electromagnets and therefore the power required to defleet them is higher than is necessary if both directions of movement are effected by electromagnetic power. With our apparatus the resilient support for the operated means is not depended upon to effect the return movement of 5 said means and a relatively light resilient supporting means may therefore be used. A further advantage of this construction is that on account of the fact that the resilient means does not have to exert any considerable amount of power in the return motion of the operated means the said resilient means may be made of a material, such as wood, which does not become crystallized and break from constant vibration.

Yielding or resilient stop members, such as rubber bumpers, are also preferably provided for limiting the movement of the operated member in each direction by the respective electromagnetic devices.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention and referring thereto:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the electromagnetic vibrating means;

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2 2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the electrical operating connections for the electromagnetic vibrating means;

Fig. 4 is a graph of an alternating current Wave illustrating the selection of rectified half waves for distribution to the respective members of the electromagnetic vibrating unit;

Fig. 5 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a modified form of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic showing of a mechanical rectifying apparatus which may be used for alternate energization of the respective electromagnetic units;

Fig. .7 is a diagrammatic showing of an alternative mechanical rectifler arrangement which may be used for alternate energization of the respective electromagnetic units from an A. C. or D. C. energysupvlr:

Fig. 8 is a tic showing of a motorgenerator arrangement whereby any desired frequency of alternate energization of the electromagnetic umts may be obtained.

Our invention may be applied to operation of any vibrating means such as a screen, conveyor, feed box, etc., the operated vibrating means being indicated at 1 in Figs. 1 and 2 as being resiliently mounted on-a suitable'supporting means or frame for example by means of two parallel resilient wooden bars 2 disposed at the respective sides of the supporting frame and secured at their ends to uprights 8 and 4 of said frame so as to permit vibration of the intermediate portion of each bar in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said bars. Said resilient bars 2 are shown `as connected to a cross bar 6 secured to the operated vibrating means 1 and` to the resilient bars 2 approximately at mid-length thereof so that the member 1 is free to vibrate in a direction perpendicularly to the plane of the supporting bars 2. It will be understood that the member 1 may be mounted to vibrate in vertical, inclined orl horizontal directions, according to the specific application of the same.

The electromagnetic operating means for the member l are preferably mounted on suitable supports 7 and 8 and comprise an electromagnetic unit at each side of the device, each such unit comprising an electromagnet 10 mounted on support 7, an electromagnet 11` mounted on support 8, and separate armature means 12 and 13 for the respective electromagnets, secured to the intermediate portion of the resilient supporting bars 2 at the corresponding side of the member 1 or otherwise connected to. said member 1 so as to impart vibration thereto, the armature means l2 and 13 of each unit being mounted at opposite sides of the corresponding bar in the plane of vibration thereof. The core members and armatures for the respective electromagnets are preferably made of laminated soft iron to enable them to operate on rapidly intermittent current without objectionable lag or production of eddy currents. The armatures, being of soft iron, except for the momentary polarization due to the iniluence of the associated electromagnets, are not magnetically polarized, and are not provided with electric windings of coils for self-energization or self-polarization. The term armature as used herein and in the appended claims, will be understood to mean a non-polarized, non-energized armature of this type. The respective electromagnets l0 and 11 of each unit and their armature means l2 and i3 are so disposed as to cause the respective armatures to be attracted in opposite directions upon energization of the respective electromagnets. For this purpose, each armature 12 is shown as mounted above or at one side of the corresponding supporting member 2, and

the electromagnet l0 therefor is mounted above or at the same side of said armature so as to attract the same upwardly or in a direction toward said one side, while each armature 13 is mounted below or at the other side of said member 2, and the-corresponding electromagnet l1 is mounted below or at the other side of said armature so as to attract the same downwardly or in a direction toward said other side.

In'llig. 3, there is shown a wiring diagram for the electromagnetic unit at one side of the device only. it being understood that the other electromagnetic unit may be similarly connected.

The coils or windings 15 of electromagnet 10 are connected by electrical connections 17 and 18 to alternating current supply lines i9 and 20 which may be ordinary service lines of usual commercial frequency. One of these connections, for example connection 17, includes a suitable rectifying means or electric check valve 2l, such as a copper oxide or thermionic tube rectifier, which operates to permit passage of a current impulse or half wave in one direction but to prevent the passage of a current impulse or half wave in the opposite direction. The windings or coils 16 of electromagnet 1l are also shown as connected to the same service lines 19 and 20 -by electrical connections 22 and 23 one of which includes a rectifying means 24 which is adapted to permit passage of current impulses or half waves which are in opposite direction to the impulses transmitted through the rectifying means 21. The operation of these rectifying units 21 and 24 is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 4 wherein the curve B-B is the graph of an alternating current, the positive half waves being shown above the horizontal line a-a, representing zero current, and the negative half waves below that line in the usual manner, and the positive half waves being transmitted through connections 17 and 18 and rectifier 21 to the coil 15 whereas the negative half waves are transmitted through connections 22 and 23 and rectifier 24 to the coil 16.

The rectiilers 21 and 24 may be of any suitable type. We have used the so-called copperoxide rectifiers in practical operation with successful results.

Bumpers or stops indicated at 26 and 27 are mounted on the respective frame members 7 and 8 and are adapted to engage the resilient supporting means 2. These stops may be adjusted if necessary by suitable means such as shown at 29. The main 'function of these bumpers or stops is to limit or stop the travel of 'the armature in either direction before it strikes the magnet pole faces which would cause injury to the laminations. These stops or bumpers also tend to impart accelerating impulses to the armatures or vibrating members when released by the diminution of current in the energizing coils 15 or 16, as the case may be. The stops or bumpers 26 and 27 may be of rubber or any other suitable yielding or resilient material, and may if desired be dispensed with, but in that case the resilient members 2 must be made heavier, with the result that the construction is less resilient and will give correspondingly less vibration per unit of power. The stops may be normally in contact with the resilient means 2, or they may be normally slightly spaced from the same, as may be desired.

The energizing circuit may be a single phase alternating current supply circuit of any suitable or available frequency, for example to 80 cycles per second. these being the frequencies ordinarily used in commercial lines. Suitable switch means 31 will be provided controlling connection between the energizing circuit and the electromagnetic means above described; also suitable adjustable resistances 32, or impedances, auto-transformers or other devices may be included in the circuit connections for controlling or regulating the intensity of the current supply, to correspondingly control or regulate the operation of the apparatus.

In the operation of the apparatus the current lai' lai

supplied to the electromagnetic devices from the supply lines 19 and 20 is controlled by the rectlers 21 and 24 in such manner that the positive impulses or half waves of current will be allowed to pass through rectier 21 to the winding 15 but will be prevented by rectifier 24 from passing through rectifier 21 to coil 16; whereas the negative impulses or half waves alternating with the positive impulses or half waves will be permitted to pass through rectifier 24 t-o coil 16 but will be prevented by rectifier 21 from passing to coil 15. As the positive or negative impulses or half waves successively alternate or succeed one another in the operation of the alternating current, the windings 15 and 16 alternately energize electromagnets 10 and 11 which operate upon the armatures 12 and 13 to produce the rapid reciprocation or vibration of the members 2 and of the member 1 connected thereto.

Any suitable means may be used for applying energizing current alternately to the two electromagnets of the operating units, for example, we can use instead of a copper-oxide rectifler any other form of electrical check valve such as a thermionic tube or electronic rectifier or a mechanical 'rectifier consisting of a rotating timer driven by a synchronous motor operated from the alternating current supply circuit; or if suitable alternating current power is not available, direct current can be used by passing it through a combination timer and interrupter so as to produce pulsating current and deliver the successive pulsations alternately, first to one set of coils and then to the opposite set of coils repeatedly.

While we prefer to connect the apparatus directly to an operating alternating current circuit as above described and to avoid the use of supplemental apparatus such as frequency changers, rotary convertors or other apparatus for varying the characteristics of the operating current, such apparatus may be used if desired, for example, for increasing the frequency of the operating current when it is desired to vibrate the mechanism at increased speed for short periods for any reason.

In Figs. 6 to 8 we have shown several modificat`ons of the energizing circuit hook-up and referring particularly to Fig. 6, a half -speed synchronous motor 51 is shown operatively connected to a rotatable commutating switch 52 provided with suitable connection to alternating current energy supply lines 53 and 54 and arranged to deliver successive half-waves alternately to the respective electromagnet windings 15 and 16. Y

The arrangement shown in Fig. 7 may be used either with a source of alternating current energy supply or a source of direct current energy supply, the energy supply lines being designated at 55 and 56. In case the supply lines 55 and 56 provide alternating current of the desired frequency, the motor 57 operating the switch means 58 may be a full-speed synchronous motor and this arrangement will provide for delivery of successive halfwaves to the windings 15 and 16 in the same manner as described in connection with Fig. 6. If the supply lines 55 and 56 provide a source of direct current energy, the motor 57 may be of any suitable type, and will serve to periodically connect first one and then. the other of the windings 15 and .i5 lto the source of energy.

T 'n Fig. 8 we have shown an arrangement in 'which a motor 59 is connected to the supply lines 60 and 61 of either an A. C. or D. C. supply circuit, and operates to drive an alternator 62 whose leads 63 and 64 are connected to the windings 15 and Isuch as a rigid bar of steel or other suitable 16 through the use of associated copper oxide or thermionic tube rectiflers 21 and 24 respectively, 1n the same manner as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. This arrangement is useful where the respective windings are to be energized at a frequency different from the frequency existing in the supply lines 60and 6l or to utilize a direct current supply to drive an alternating current supply means, in which case the leads 63 and 64 become energy supply lines comparable to those shown at 19 and 20 in Fig. 3.

Various modifications may be made in the construction of the described apparatus without departing from our invention. For example instead of mounting the operated member on resilient supporting means it may be carried by nonresilient or rigid supporting means, resiliently mounted, as shown in Fig. 5, the operated member 34 being mounted on supporting means 35 material, resiliently mounted on supports 36 and 37 in any suitable manner. The resilient supporting means may comprise springs 38 and 39 mounted on the respective supports 36 and 37 and engaging with the supporting means 35 for the operated member 34. Rubber stops or bumpers 40 and 41 may also be provided for limiting the vibratory movement of the bar 35 and the member 34 carried thereby. Or if desired the supporting springs 38 and 39 may be omitted and the rubber bumpers 40 and 41 may be adjusted to normally'engage the supporting means 35 and to resiliently support the same while at the same time limiting its vibratory movement by reason of the limited compressibility of the rubber members. The electromagnetic unit for operating the supporting means 35 may comprise electromagnets 43 and 44 mounted on the respective supports 36 and 37 and operating upon armatures 45 and 46 carried by the supporting 115 means 35 in the manner above described. Any suitable means may be provided for securing the supporting means 35 against lateral or longitudinal displacement in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vibratory movement thereof, while permitting such vibratory movement. For this purpose, positioning members such as rods 47 may be provided extending slidably through the member 35 and secured to supporting members 36 and 37.` Said positioning mem- 12I bers may extend centrallywithin the bumper members 40 and 41, as shown, or within the springs 38 and 39, or at any other suitable positions.

We claim:

1. A vibratory apparatus comprising: a frame; an operated member resiliently mounted on said frame for vibratory movement; two separate nonpolariz'ed armature means secured to said operated member and disposed oppositely of one an- 1U other in the direction of vibration of said member; a pair of electromagnets secured to said frame and operatively associated with the respective armature means at opposite sides thereof and acting oppositely thereon in the direction of vibratory movement of said operated member; and means for alternately supplying unidirectional electrical energy to the respective electromagnets.

2. A vibratory apparatus comprising: a frame; an elongated resilient vibratory member mounted on said frame at its ends so as to permit vibration of the intermediate portion of said member in a direction perpendicular to the length thereof; operated means secured to said intermediate portion' o! said vibratory member; two separate non-polarized amature means mounted on said intermediate portion of said vibratory member at opposite sides of said member in the direction of vibration thereof; a pair of electromag-v nets secured to said frame and operatively associated with the respective armature means and acting oppositely thereon in' said direction of vibration; and means for alternately supplying unidirectional energy to the respective electro-` magnets.

3. The invention set forth in claim 2, said resilient vibratory member consisting ot a strip ot wood.

4. A vibratory apparatus comprising: a frame; two parallel resilient bars disposed at the respective sides oi said frame and mounted thereon at their ends so as to permit vibration of the intermediate portion of each bar in a plane perpendicular to the plane of said bars; operated means secured to said bars intermediate the ends thereof; two separate non-polarized armature means mounted on the intermediate portion o1' each bar; a pair of electromagnets disposed at each side of said frame and secured thereto, the electromagnets of each pair being operatively associated with the respective armature means on the bar at that side of the frame and acting oppositely thereon in said plane o! vibration; and means for alternately supplying unidirectional electrical energy to the respective electromagnets of each pair.

5. The invention set forth in claim 4, and comprising in addition: resilient stops positioned on said frame for engagement with said bars at opposite sides of said bars in said plane of vibration 'at positions removed from said armature means longitudinally of said bars.

6. A vibratory apparatus comprising: a trame structure; an elongated rigid vibratory member resiliently disposed on said trame structure and adapted for vibratory motion in a direction transverse to the length thereof, said vibratory member being resiliently engaged by resilient supporting means secured to said frame structure at opposite sides of the central portion ot said vibratory member; two separate nonpolarized armature means mounted on the central portion oi' said member; a pair o! electromagnets secured to said frame and operatively associated with the respective armature means and acting oppositely thereon in said direction oi.' vibration; and means for alternately supply- 4ing unidirectional electrical energy to the respective electromagnets. t

7. The invention set forth in claim 6, and comprising in addition: resilient. stops positioned on said frame i'or engagement with said vibratory member at opposite sides of said member in the direction of vibration thereof` at positions removed from said armature means longitudinally of said member.

HUGH E. WURZBACH. CLYDE H. KONOLD.

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