US1944886A - Paper making - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 30, 1934. Q l, GESSMANN l 1,944,886

PAPER MAKING Filed April 6, 1933 mgm yPatented Jan. 3l), 1934 y UNIT-ED, STATES PATENT voI-trc'ie dence, R. I., by Anna M. D. Goessmann, executrix, Brooklyn, N. Y. v

i Application April s, 193s. .serial no. 664,811 27 claims. (Cl. 154-2) This invention relates to the art of paper making and has forits o bjectV the production of a dur-..,`

able, horn-like material from absorbent pulp paper', by xingtherein .desirable added colloidal protein matter.

The present application is a continuation in- It is one of the objects of the invention that the added matter shall be so united with the original stock that the resultant mass is integral and homogeneous.

Briefly stated the process consists in impregnating raw stock paper in a heated bath prepared from colloidal protein matter and a suitable solvent; rolling the initially treated paper on a lamination drum or mandrel until the desired number of laminations is attained; squeezing out excess of the added matter; jellifying the colloid in the paper; treating the resultant mass with a fixing or coagulating agent which renders the colloid matter insoluble; and drying the final product in a cool, dry or heated atmosphere without extraneous pressure. If the nal product is to be in tubular form the product is preferably dried on the mandrel, but if the nal product is to be in sheet form it is slit and removed from the drum preferably before drying and is then pressed at and dried.

It will be seen by the above terse description that a soluble colloid is first added to the raw stock, then jelled so as to anchor the soluble colloidal matter, then rendered insoluble therein, and then the whole mass dried.

In the drawing, which forms apart of this specification, are shown diagrammatically means for carrying out the steps of the process.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical representation of a heated impregnating bath and means for passing therethrough the paper to be treated, the same being shown in vertical longitudinal section;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical representation of the chilling and fixing bath with the roll ofI im- CTI pregnated paper in positiontherein, the same being shown in section;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammaticalsketch showing segments ofthe impregnated and xed lamination of paper-cut from the roll on which it `has been formed;

Fig. 4 is adiagrammatic view'similar to'Fig. 1, showing a modicationv of the process; and

Fig. 5 is a. diagrammatic view in vertical section, showing a fixing bath in which tubular stock is being fixed.

In the drawing, the reference numeral 10 indicates an impregnating assembly comprising a bath 11 fitted over a tank 12, which tank is adapted to contain a suitable heating medium 13. 'If 70 desired this tank 12 may be mounted onsupports 14. The bath 11 contains an impregnating medium 15 of colloidal protein matter, such as glue, gelatine, casein, dried blood, albumen, or other nitrogenouscolloid dissolved in water, or any other suitable solvent, and preferably used hot. f

4The assembly-also includes means, not shown, for supporting a roll of raw stock paper 17, such as Wood pulp paper, rag paper, or such other kind of paper as is adapted to absorb a relatively large amount of moisture.

The paper is fed through the.bath 15 by being passed over a guide roller 18 and under immersion rollers 19 and 20, thence over the enlarged 85 guide roller 21, which also serves to express a goodly quantity of the excess of the impregnating fluid which adheres to the stock. The free end of the stock is secured to the laminating cylinder 22, which is driven by drive rollers 23 90 and 24 actuated by suitable means, not shown.

The laminating cylinder which is first covered with parain impregnated paper, or other suitable non-adhesive covering, rests on rollers 23 and 24, and as the stock is wound on said cylinder a major part of the impregnating uid is squeezed out of the stock. The stock is wound on this cylinder until the desired number of laminations is attained. 'Ihen the web of paper is severed and cylinder 22 with the paper thereon 100 is removed bodily and transferred to a chilling and xing bath 25 which consists of a tank 26 having open bearings 27 at each end thereof and adapted to receive the axle 28 of the lamination cylinder.

' Tank 26 may be mounted on supports 29, if it is sodesired. Tank 26 contains a chilling bath 30 which consists of such a solution of such congealing agent as cold water or cold brine, or agents best adapted to congeal an'd render jellylike the particular colloidal protein matter being held in suspension in the impregnating tank.

'I'he congealing bath may be cold water alone or a cold solution of salt, alum, formaldehyde, paraldehyde, chromates, di-chromates, -or other suitable coagulent medium and this chilling bath is maintained at a temperature of about 45 degrees Fahrenheit during the chilling operation which takes place immediately after the lamination is completed. 'I'he result of this cooling in the presence of a coagulant is to form a jellylike mass of coagulated colloid imbedding the fibers of the stock. To render this jelly-like material insoluble, it may be treated with chrome alum, tannin, dichromate of potash, formaldehyde, or any other suitable fixing agent simultaneously with congealing. In practice the above named fixing agents are addeddirectly to the cooling bath. It it obvious however, that the fixing or coagulating may beeffected by removing bodily the laminated paper and the cylinder on which it was formed from the congealing bath to a new bath consisting'solely of the desired coagulating o xing agent and its proper solvent.

. The combination cooling and fixing step may be done in the same tank and at the same time. in an already prepared stock solution of fixing chemicals such as formaldehyde, etc.. as described above, dissolved in water,made up in volume and used cold over and over again. In the standard stock bath the fixing agent is dissolved in the cold water solution.

Instead of chilling and thereby jelling the colloid carried by the paper in the fixing bath it may, as stated above, be chilled in a separate bath, in which case it is not necessary to chill the fixing bath below ordinary room temperature, although preferably the temperature of the fixing bath should be kept under degrees Fahrenheit. Instead of jelling the colloid in Aa bath, the laminated product may stand in the open air for a while before fixing, until the colloid is at least partially coagulated by cooling and partial evaporation of moisture so as to form a homogeneous mass permeating the lamin and bonding them together. As will be pointed out more specically hereinafter the jellifying step may. in part, at least. actually precede lamination of the paper. It will be obvious that it is not necessary to use a liquid flxing bath but a gaseous fixing agent may also be used. v

When properly fixed the cylinder of laminated paper 31 is cut through parallel with the axis of the cylinder, as indicated in Fig. 3, Asomewhat attened out and dried in the presence of heat and then completely flattened. preferably under pressure. If the chilled bath is used separate from the fixing bath the sheet may be out through parallel with the axis ofthe cylinder as indicated in Fig. 3 immediately after chilling. These freed sheets. are at once placed in the fixing bath to lsoak and after fixing are dried and flattened as described. It is obvious that one or more cuts may be made in the cylinder of paper r in removing it from its forming cylinder.

It is within the purview of this invention to employ cut sheets instead of roll paper in carrying out the invention,v the essence of which is impregnating paper stock with a solution of colloidal matter` solidifying the colloidal matter, fixing the ,colloidalmatten and then drying the treated mass.

f axis if so desired.

It is also within the purview of this invention to employ pressure in the nal drying operation, although it has been found that the amount of water and colloidal matter absorbed by a ton of raw stock produces suicient pressure in coming down to dryness, due to pulling and drawing effect of the shrinking force, to causethe resultant indurated mass to shrink to approximately of its original thickness, or in other Words, it loses by this process one-fifth of its original ber thickness. This has been accomplished byincreasing the density or specific gravity of a paper mass from .809 sp. gr. to 1.192 sp. gr. or 50% Without mechanical pressure.

The resultant product is a hard, horn-like and waterproof material somewhat like the hard ber, vulcanized, or zinc "chloride lpaper in common use. Paper produced by the present process has no. tendency'to split at the edges, is unusually tough, and is produced at much less cost than other hard ber papers: Whereas the old processes require Weeks to produce the nal product, the present process is completed in a few days.

The process diagrammatically represented in Fig. 4 is quite similar to that described above. However the web of paper is not submerged in the bath but is iloated on the surface of the colloidal solution so that it will not pick up a large excess .of the solution, also, at least a partial jelling is eected just prior to the lamination step. The colloidal solution 34 (Fig. 4) is containedin a tank 35 provided with a jacket 36 containing a suitable heating medium 37. A web 38 of raw stock paper taken from a roll 39, passes over a roller 40 and thence under a pair of flotation rollers 41 which press the paper against the surface of the colloidal solution. The -otation rollers are supported on arms 42 pivotally mounted on the tank 35 and lateral arms 43 fixed to the arms 42 carry set screws 44 which bear against the upper edge of the tank 35. These set screws determine the depth at which the rollers will be supported in the tank and they are adjustable to allow for Variations of liquid level so that the web may be maintained in a floating condition on the surface of the solution. The paper is very absorbent and although only the under face thereof is in contact with the. solution, the latter thoroughly permeates the web to the upper face thereof.

The web 38 on emerging from the tank passes under a scraper 45 and over another scraper 46 so that excess solution will be removed and the web will retain only the amount that is actually absorbed in the body of the paper. The'scrapers are adjustable about a common center to regulate their scraping effect upon the web and to Vary the tension on the web as it passes on to the lamination mandrel. Suitable means, such as indicated at 4'7 may be provided for fixing the Scrapers at any desired setting.

The web is laminated on a mandrel 50 which is supported on and driven by a pair of rollers 51 just as is the drum 22 on the rollers 23 and 24( In making tubular stock however the diameter of the lamination drum or mandrel is usually much smaller than that employed in making sheet stock and consequently a pressure roller 53 is adapted to bear down upon the mandrel 50 or the lamin thereonso as to furnish silicient traction for 1,944,886 v 3 the rollers 51 to rotate the mandrel' and wind the While-it is desirable to coat the drums or man- Between the Scrapers andthe lamination drum or mandrel isa pair lof conduits 57 disposed respectively on opposite faces of the web. Air is pumped through the conduits and directed in jets against the web. The drying and cooling effect of these air jets causes an initial partial jelling of the colloidal matter so that it becomes tacky and bonds the lamin together.

After a suicient number of lamina: have been wound up on the mandrel the web is severed, and the mandrel is removed. While the mandrel may be plunged immediately into a chilling and fixing bath it i-s preferable to let it-stand 4for a while to permit a more thorough anchoring of the co1- loidal matter in the laminated mass. The tubes of laminated fiber are then plunged into a fixing bath to' render the colloidal matter insoluble, and thereafter they are allowed to 'dry withoutv extraneous pressure. Fig. 5 illustrates a tank 50 filled with a fixing solution 61 in which a-number of lamination tubes 62'are immersed. The tank is provided with suitable means for keeping the fixing solution at the desired temperature particularly in summer time. As shown in the drawing a coil of pip`e 63v is provided in the tank through which a cooling medium may be circu lated when desired. I

The lamination tubes may be removed from the mandrels either before fixing or after fixing.,

Preferably however they are retained on the mandrelsthroughout the process and ntil they are nearly or quite dry. This procedure not only insures even drying so that the finished product is free from distortion or warping, but it also results in a denser product. In drying, the laminated mass shrinks and grips the mandrel very tightly, vproducing a tension that is far greater than that which can be obtained in winding the web on the mandrel. `This drying under high tension results in a denser product than can be obtained when ,the tube is dried off the mandrel. This densing effect is particularly marked. in the earlier stages of drying because the drying proceeds from the outside of the tube inward. As the outside of the tube nears comtube tends to draw the inner surface of the tube outward so that it relieves the vtight grip on the mandrel until eventually the tube may be removed from the mandrel with comparatively little effort. This same effect of drying under tension may also be used in forming sheet stockfwhen a very dense .product is desired. The Ytreated mass after fixing may be dried without removing it from the lamination drum. After it is dried it is slit into segments which are softened With steam or moisture and then pressed at and dried.

--It will be understood of course that the preliminary partialpjelling before lamination may be used in forming sheet stock as well as informing tubes.

drels with paraffin or with parafilned paper this may be dispensed with particularly when the drying is effected on the drum or mandrel. However in such case the surface of lamination cylinder must be of such a nature that the treated mass will not stick fast thereto. A polished brass surface has been found satisfactory.

The term raw stock paper used in this specific'ation and in the following claims includes any paper that is notcalendered or that does not contain a filler other than glue which would prevent absorption ofthe nitrogenous colloid employed in my process.- y

Minor changes may be rmade in the physical embodiment of the invention or in the steps of the process without departing from the spirit and lscope of the invention.

What is claimed:

1'. The processr of' making indurated paper which consists in impregnating raw stock paper with @nitrogenous colloid, immediately forming laminations of such impregnated stock prior to solidication, chilling such laminated stock, treating such chilled, impregnated and laminated stock with a fixing agentto render the colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass.

2. The process of making indurated ber which consists in immersing raw stock paper in a nitrogenous colloid bath, immediately forming laminations of the raw stock paper after being so immersed before solidification, chilling such laminated stock to solidify absorbed colloid, immersing such chilled, laminated stock in a fixing bath to render such solidified colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass.

3. The process of making indurated fiber which consists of immersing raw stock paper in a heated nitrogenous colloid bath, immediately forming laminations of the raw stock paper after being so immersed before solidication, chilling such laminated stock-'to solidify absorbed colloid, immersing such chilled laminated stock in a fixing bath to render such solidified colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass. l

4. The process ofmaking indurated fiber which consists in treating raw s'tock paper with a nitrogenous colloid, immediately forming laminations `thereof on a non-adhesive lamination base, solidichilled colloid insoluble, anddrying the resultant mass.

5. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in immersing raw stock paper in' a heated nitrogenous colloid bath, immediately forming laminations of the raw stock so treated, expressing excess of absorbed matter, immersing the laminated raw stock in a chilling bath, immersing the chilled raw stock `in a fixing bath, and drying the resultant mass in the presence of heat.

6. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in immersing raw stock paper in a nitrogenous colloid bath, immediately forming laminations of the raw stock so treated, expressing excess of absorbed matter, immersing the lamience of heat.

7. The processof making indurated fiber which consists in immersing raw stock paper in a heated nitrogenous colloid bath, immediately forming y laminations of the raw stock so treated, expressing excess of absorbed matter, immersing the laminated raw stock in va chilling bath mainwhich consists in immersing raw fiber stock in` tained at 45 F., immersing the chilled raw stock in a xing bath and drying the resultant mass in the presence of heat. v

8. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in immersing raw stock paper in a heated nitrogenous colloid bath, forming laminations on a coated lamination cylinder of the stock so treated, expressing excess of l absorbed matter, immersing the laminated raw stock in a chilling and xing bath, and drying the resultant mass.

9. The process of making indurated ber which consists of immersing raw stock paper in a heated nitrogenous colloid bath, forming laminations of the raw stock so treated on a cylinder covered with a .covering impregnated with parafn, expressing excess of absorbed matter, immersing the lamination cylinder with the raw stock thereon in a chilling and fixing bath, and drying the resultant mass.

10. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in immersing raw stocky iiber in a heated nitrogenous colloid bath, immediately forming laminations of the raw stock so treated on a cylinder co'vered with a covering impregnated with paraffin, expressing excess of absorbed matter, immersing the lamination cylinder with the raw stock thereon in a chilling and xing bath, maintained at 45* F., and drying the resultant mass in the presence of heat.

11. The process of making indurated fiber a heated nitrogenous colloid bath, forming laminations of such treated raw stock on a cylinder covered with paraffin paper, expressing excess of the absorbed colloid, solidifying the absorbed colloid by immersing the lamination cylinder in a colloid by immersing the lamination cylinder in a chilling bath maintained at about 45 F., rendering the solidiedcolloid insoluble by .treating the chilled stock with a xing agent, and drying the resultant mass in the presence of heat. l

13. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in immersing raw vegetable ber rstock in a heated nitrogenous colloidal bath, forming laminations of said vegetable stock on a `cylinder covered with paraflin paper, expressing excess of the absorbed colloid, solidifying the absorbed colloid by immersing the cylinder with its laminations in a congealing bath maintained at approximately 45 F., rendering said colloid insoluble by treating the laminated 'stock with a xing agent, and drying the resultant mass under pressure in the. presence of heat.

14. The process of making indurated ber which consists in impregnating raw stock paper with a nitrogenous colloid, immediately winding the impregnated paper on al form before solidification, treating the impregnated paper while on the form with a xing agent to render the colloid insoluble.- and drying the resultant mass while on the form.

15. The process of making indurated ber which consists in impregnating raw stockl paper with a nitrogenous colloid, immediately winding the impregnated paper on a form lbefore solidication, chilling the impregnated paper on the form suiciently to jell the colloid, rendering the colloid insoluble with a fixing agent while on the form, and drying the resultant mass on the form.

16. The process of making indurated ber which consists inimpregnating raw stock paper with a heated nitrogenous colloid, immediately winding the impregnated paper on a cylinder beforesolidication, immersing the cylinder with the raw stock thereon in a chilling and xing bath, and drying the resultant mass on the cylinder.

17. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in impregnating raw stock paper with a nitrogenous colloid, forming laminations of such treated paper prior to solidification of the colloid, jelling the colloid absorbed by the paper stock, rendering the colloid in the laminated mass insoluble, and drying the laminated mass.

18. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in impregnating raw stock paper with anitrogenous colloid, forming laminations of such treated paper prior to solidication of the colloid, jelling the colloid retained by the paper, immersing the laminated paper in a liquid xing agent to render the colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass.

19. The process of 'making indurated ber with a nitrogenous colloid, partly jelling the colloid absorbed by the paper, immediately forming laminationsv of such treated paper prior to solidiiication of the colloid, impregnating the laminated paper with a xing agent to render 1 the colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass.

20. The process of making indurated ber which consists in impregnating raw stock paper with a nitrogenous colloid, partly jelling the colloid in the paper, immediately forming laminations of such treated paper prior to the solidification of the colloid, exposing the laminated paper to atmosphere for a predetermined minimum period to further `iell the colloid therein, impreg- 1 natingU the laminated paper with a xing agent to render the colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass.

21. The process of making indurated fiber which consists in impregnating raw stock paper with a heated solution of nitrogenous colloid, partly jelling the colloid in the paper, forming laminations of the paper thus treated prior to complete jelling of the colloid, cooling the laminated paper to further jell the colloid therein, im-

pregnating the laminated paper withva xing agent to render the colloid insoluble, and drying I the resultant mass.

22. The process of making indurated fiber 'which consists in impregnating raw stock paper 105 which consists in impregnating raw stock paper with a heated solution ofnitrogenous colloid, jelling the colloid in the paper, forming lamir ations of the paper thus treated prior to complete jelling of the colloid,immersing the laminated mass in a chilled xing bath to complete the jell- 4Q 'ing of the colloid and to render the colloid in soluble, and drying the laminated mass.

y 23. The process of' making indurated fiber which lcbnsists in impregnating raw stick paper with a solution of nitrogenous colloi playing M5 Jets of air on the impregnated paper to jell the colloid therein, laminatingv the paper while its colloid content is still in partly jellied state, exposing the laminated mass to atmosphere for apredetermined minimum period to further jell the colloid therein, immersng the laminated mass in a x'ng bath to render the colloid content insoluble, and dryingthe laminated mass.

24. The process of making indurated -flber which consists in` impregnating raw stock paper with a heated solution of nitrogenous colloid,

' playing jets of air on the paper to jelly the co1- state, immersing the laminated massin a chill` ing and xing bath to complete jelling of the colloid content and to render the jellied colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass.

26. The process of making' indurated ber which consists in floating a web of raw stock paper on a heated solution `of nitrogenous colloid, scraping excess colloidal solution from the web, exposing the paper to a draught of air to jellthe colloid retained in the web, laminating the Web before solidification of the colloid therein, cooling' the laminated mass' and immersing the larhinated mass in a xing bath to render the colloid insoluble, and drying the resultant mass.

27. The process of making indurated ber which consists in oating aweb of raw stock paper on a heatedsolution of nitrogenous colloid, scraping .the web to remove excess of colloid solution picked up thereby, exposing the web to a draught of air to jell the colloid content thereof,

Winding the Webon a lamination cylinder while the colloid is still in jellied state, adjusting the tension of the winding on the cylinder to apre-n determined degree, exposing the laminated paper to atmosphere to cool and further coagulate the colloid content therein, immersing the laminated paper in a fixing agent to render the colloid ir1 soluble, and drying the resultant mass.

' ANNA M. D. GOESSMANN,

Eec'utrix for Charles I. Goessmanm Deceased.

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