US1935400A - Hydraulic power transmitting mechanism - Google Patents

Description

NOV. 14, 1933. JU4NKEURS 1,935,400

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed May 28, 1929 4'Sheets-Sheet 2.

. Inventor: Hayofuhfiers y C Nov. 14, 1933. H. JUNKERS 1,935,400

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed May 28, 1929 4 sheets-sheet s Inventor: hayo .7Zm/iens Nov. 14, 1933. H. JUNKERS 1,935,

HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed May 28. 1929 '4 Shqgts-Sheet 4 /n Vehivr:

Hu da fun/fer:

Patented Nov. 14 1933 HYDRAULIC-POWER TRANSMITTING rmcnms u Hugo Junkers, Dessau, Germany Application May as, 1929, Serial No. 366,63 and Germany May 29, 1928 7 Claims. (01. 1912- -61) My invention relates to hydraulic power-transnutting mechanisms and more particularly to mechanisms in which power is transmitted by the static pressure of .a liquid. Such mechanisms 5 comprise members which, when the mechanism is slipping, act in the manner of a pump, delivering liquid through a pipe including regulating means while a corresponding quantity of liquid is drawn into the mechanism through a' suction pipe. It is desirable that" the cross-sectionalarea of the suction and delivery pipes should be small in order to reduce the cost, size and weight of the mechanism, but this involves the drawback that the .resistance'to flow in the pipe becomes so high even with the regulating means full open that it is not possible to reduce the velocity of the driven part to the desired extent or to arrest this part.

It is an object of my invention to overcome this drawback and to provide a wider regulating range. To this end I provide regulating or restricting means not only in ,the delivery, but also in the suction pipe line. By these means it is possible to reduce the quantity of liquid admitted to the systemto such an extent that its discharge at the delivery end is not interi'erred with by the small area or restriction of the delivery pipe.

By regulating the area of the suction pipe the quantity of liquid flowing in the members per unit of time may be reduced as desired; The

smaller the quantity, the smaller the pressure for conveying the liquid through the members and the larger .the' slip, as the torque transmitted is in proportion to the pressure. The suction pipe may be throttled or restricted to such an extent as to generate a considerable vacuum on the suction side of the members, or air or a mixture of air and liquid may be introduced in the last stages instead of liquid, and this permits regulation of the slip within very wide limits notwithstanding a small cross-sectional area of the pipe lines. In the drawings afiixed. to this specification and forming part thereof a hydraulic mechanism embodying my invention and various means for regulating it are illustrated diagrammatically by way of example.

- In the drawings Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic and partly sectional elevation of a mechanism, and

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 11-11 in Fig. 1,-

drawn to a larger scale,

- Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are sectionsof various regulating means,

to Fig. 3 fitted'to rotate .with the driven shaft 'gear case on the driving shaft,- 4 and 5 are Figs. 6, '7, and 3 are sections on the line VI-VI in Fig. 5 showing various positions of the regu-" lating means illustrated in Fig. 5.

liquid supply tank, 21 is a cooler connected with the supply tank, 22 is part of the suction pipe,

A is a regulating valve at the end of the pipe 22, 23 is an extension of the suction pipe beyond the valveA, 24 is a branch pipe extending from the suction pipe 23 .to a sleeve 11 on the driving shaft 1, 10 is a bore in the driving shaft extending from the sleeve 11 to a suction chamber 7 in the casing 6 which, as shown in Fig. 2, has two diametrally opposite openings near the points of mesh of the planet gears 4 and 5 with the sun gear 3, and a duct connecting such openings with the suction bore 10., 8, 8 are the openings of a delivery chamber which are arranged opposite to i the openings 7, '7 of the suction chamber and are connected with a delivery bore 12 in the driving 8 shaft 1. 13 is a sleeve surrounding the end of the bore 12, 31 is adelivery pipe connected withv the sleeve 13, C is a regulating valve at the end of the pipe 31, and 32 is an extension from the valve C to the supply tank 20.

25 is a pipe connected to the suction pipe 23 at the rearo'f the valve A, B is a regulating valve at the end of the pipe, 26 is a discharge pipe beyond the valve B which is preferably taken to the supply tank 20, 27 is a pipe also connected to the suction pipe 23, 28 is a safety and check valve at the end of the pipe loaded by a light spring, and 40 is a sump to which the valve 28 delivers. 52 is the casing of a check valve connected to the suction pipe 22 in front of the valve A, 53 is a pipe extending from the check valve casing to above the sump 40, 31' is a pipe connecting it with the delivery pipe 31,..and 54 is a safety and check valve at the end of the pipe which is loaded by a somewhatv heavier spring 105 than that of the valve 28.

41, 43 is a by-pass connecting the pipes 22 and 23 past the valve A, 42 is a pump in the by-pass,

'44 is a restriction in the delivery pipe 43of the pump, and 46 is a lubricating nozzle branched It will appear that the pump 42 is able to sup-, ply a small quantity of liquid to the casing 6 when ,5 the valve A is closed while the valves B and C are open. llf these valves are closed so that flow through ,the casing 6 is prevented the liquid delivered by the pump is discharged through the valve 28 or through the nozzle 46. Any number of lubricating stations supplied by the pump 42 may obviously be provided. The lubricant'from the stations flows to the sump 40. 49 is a pump drawingfrom the sump and delivering the liquid to the supply tank 20 through the pipe 32 to which its delivery pipe is connected, or directed. I Q

When it is desired to operate the mechanism without slip the valve A in the suction line 22, 23 is opened and the valves B and C are'closed. Should excessive pressure build up in the system, the safety valve 54 opens to discharge into the ,sump 40. When it isdesired toreduce the velocity of the driven shaft 2 the. valve'C in the delivery line 31, 32 is opened so that the pressure) in the system is reduced. The casing 6 now acts as a pump, drawing liquid from the supply tank 20, past valve A, sleeve 11, bore 10 and the openings '7, 7 and returning it to the tank 20 through the openings 8, 8, bore 12, sleeve 13, and pipe line 31, 32. If, with the valve C full open, the velocity of the driven shaft 2 is still too high,.the' valve Ais gradually closed so as to reduce the quantity of liquid drawn into the casing 6 per unit of time. When the valve A is completely closed a considerable vacuum is generated in the suction line 22, 23, 10, which is often undesirable. It is removed by means of the valve B which upon being opened permits air to be drawn into the casing 6 through the pipes 26, 25, sleeve 11, and bore 10. As it is possible to convey air through the system at very low pressure the slip is considerablyincreased by this expedient. The gears in thecasing' 6 will not run dry as the pump 42 always supplies a small quantity of liquid to the sleeve 11. The pump 42 might, however, be dispensed with and some leakage might be provided at the valve A but'in this case the quantity of liquid admitted can not be" regulated exactly as its flow is influenced by the variations of viscosity. with temperature. On the other hand, the quantity of liquid delivered by the pump 42 is practically constant, I

If, with lthe valve B open, the driven shaft 2 leads so that'the casing 6 delivers liquid in reversed direction thisliquid returns to the tank 20 through pipes 25, 26. If the valves A and B are closed with the driven shaft leading the reverse flow of liquid is discharged to the sump 40 past the valve 28 in pipe 27. In order to prevent excessive vacuum and in order to supply the member 6 with lubricant, the pipe 53 with the check valve 52 is provided, which, however, preferably allows only a small quantity of liquid to pass and thus promotes slip in the same manner as the valve A does when throttled down considerably under normal operating conditions.

Combining the liquid supply to the casing 6 with a lubricating system, pump 42 and nozzle 46 involves the advantage. that even when the gear is shut down for a longer period still there is circulation of oil heated by the mechanical energy transmitted through the cooler 21 so that when the cooler is only a radiator, that is, is

cooled only by contact with the ambient air, the

liquid will remain thin enough even at very low ambient temperatures. In order to simplify the arrangement and the regulation of the mechanism the three valves A. B, 'C may" be combined into a single'unit, preferably a balanced piston valve, and examples of such combination valves will now be described with reference to. Figs. 3 and.4 in which is a valve casing in which the piston valve 61 is fitted to slide axially. The pipes 23 and 31 are connected to a single sleeve 110 which replaces the sleeves 11 and 13 in Fig. 1.

( Referring first to Fig. 3, the piston valve 61 in the casing 60'is adapted to be displaced axially therein through the medium of a rod 63, which may be actuated by any suitable means, not

shown. The piston valve controls three rows of slots which correspond to the valves A,B, and C and the pipes opening into the casing 60 are designated by the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1. The pipe 25 is replaced by an inclined bore"25' in the piston valve 61. The slots A and C are controlled by the upper and lower ends of the valve, and the slots B are controlled by a central groove 62 in the valve. Assume the piston valve to be at the lower end of its stroke, the slots A are open and the slots B and C are closed. The mechanism operates without slip. Whenthe piston is raised the slots C are opened gradually. so that the mechanism operates as a pump and the slip increases. In the position illustrated the slots A are still open, and"the slots C are full open. When the piston is raised further the slots A are gradually throttled and the mechanism now still operates with slip but under a vacuum on the suction side until the upper edge of the gr ove 62 opens the slots B, admitting air from pipe 6 through the bore 25' to the pipe 23 at the rear of the slots A. 0

Referring now to Fig. 4 the piston. valve 61'' is divided into two valves 61 and 64, the valve 61' controlling the slots A and B as described, and the valve 64 controlling the slots C. 68 is a rod extending from the upper piston valve 61' into'a cavity at the top of the lower valve 64, 67 is a flange at the lower end of the rod, and 66 is a spring inserted between/the two valves. 65 is an extensionat the lower end of the valve '64 which controls the by-pass 43-from' the pump 42, Fig. 1. 70 is' a row of slots connected with 43 and controlled by "the lower endof the extension 65, 69 is a chamber into which the slots 70 open, 71 is a spring-loaded check valve connecting the pipe 43 with the chamber 69, 72 is a narrow passage extending from the chamber 69 to a pipe 43' connected with the pipe 23, and 75 is by the valve'6l and the operation is the same as described with reference to Fig. 3. When, however, the piston valve 61' is lowered, it is connected with the lower valve 64 only by the spring 66. When the extension 65 closes the slots '70 the slots C have only been partly closed by the valve 64. When the slots '70 have been closed the liquid in the chamber 69 can escape only through the narrow passage '72 so. that the lower valve 64 follows the uppervalve 61' only slowly even if the upper valve is lowered rapidly, and the slots C are closed gradually. In this manner the mechanism is thrown in gradually and without jerks and the liquid which has been heated while and undesired slip to'a minimum. The ports '70 closed so that the system is in full gear. When the body 81 is rotated into the position Fig. '7 the may be supplied from the pump 42 through bypass pipe 43. The liquid from the chamber 69 is discharged through the pipes 43' and 23.

Preferably the casing is heated so that the piston valves will 'move'sweetly. The heating passages '75 are provided with this object, be-

ing supplied with heated liquid, in the present instance the liquid which the pump 49 delivers through the pipe 50 which liquid still carries the heat of the lubricated parts. The heating liquid is discharged into pipe 32 through pipe 50'.

Referring now to Figs. 5 to 8, these show a rotary regulating unit which is arranged on the driving shaft 1 instead of the sleeves 11 and 13, Fig. 1. A rotary valve body 81 is inserted between a stationary sleeve and the driving shaft 1 and is provided with .a handle 82, or it may be provided with means, not shown, connecting.

it with regulating means of any type. 83 and 84 are grooves on the inside of the valve body 81 which extend all over its perimeter, the groove 83 cooperating /with the suction bore'10 and the groove 84 cooperating with the delivery bore 12. From each groove a passage 85 and 86, respectively, extends vto the outside of the body81.

is a pin on the body 81 which prevents axial displacementof the body 81 with respect to the sleeve 80 and also limits the rotation of the body with respect to the sleeve by engaging a groove 94 therein. The openings in the sleeve 80 corresponding to the three regulating valves are indicated at A, B, and C, where the pipes 22, 26,

and 32\are connected with the sleeve 80. On the suction side, a passage 91 is "provided to which are connected the combined pipes. 27 and 43, and on the delivery side a passage 92 is provided to which are connected the combined pipes 53 and 55. In theposition illustratedjq iriFig. 6 the pipe 22 corresponding to valve A is connected with the suction bore 10 through groove 83 and passage 85 and the pipe 32 corresponding to valve C is opening C remains open but the opening A'- is increasingly throttled and finally closed, Fig. 8.

Shortly before the position Fig.8 is attained the opening B of pipe 26 is laid open by the passage 85 so that air is admitted to the mechanism which is now operating at maximum slip. The openings -91 and 92 of pipes 27, 43 and 53, 55 are so arranged thatin all positions of the body 81 the opening 91 is connected with the suction bore 10, and the opening 92 with the delivery borev 12.

This valve has the advantages of great simplicity as it is without any pipes between it and the mechanism which require placing outside the parts of the mechanism, and "of reliability, as the body 81" is not rotating with the system and therefore is readily handled and inspected.

Referring now to Fig. 9 the regulating unit which is designed like the unit illustrated in Fig. 3., with its piston valve 61, and the supply, tank 20 are combined torotate with the casing 6. The tank'is eifectively cooled on account of intense radiation by its rapid rotation,- ribs 21' being preferably provided for increasing its' surface. 98 is a filling hole in the tank which is equipped with an extension 99 of such length that the tank cannot be completely filled with liquid but will always contain some air, and

when the casing 6 rotates the liquid forms an annulus surrounding an air space into which open to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art. v In the claims afllxed to this specification no selection of any part'cular modification of the invention is intended to the exclusion of other modifications thereof and the right to subsequently make claim to any modification not covered by theseclaims is expressly reserved, r

I claim:

1'. A hydraulic power-transmitting mechanism comprising adriving and a driven part, a suction pipe for supplying liquid to, and a delivery pipe for discharging liquid from, said parts,,and means for gradually opening said delivery pipe and thereafter gradually closing said suction pipe.

2. A hydraulic power-transmitting mechanism comprising a driving and a driven part, a suction pipe for supplying. liquid to, and a delivery pipe for discharging liquid from, said parts, means for gradually opening said delivery pipe and thereupon gradually closing said suction pipe, an air .inlet connected to said suction pipe intermediate said closing means and said parts, and means for opening said air inlet after said suction pipe has been closed.

/3. A hydraulic power'transmitting mechanism comprising a driving and a driven part, a casing connected to said parts and having openings, a delivery pipe, a suction pipe and an air inlet pipe connected to said openings, and a slide adapted -to move in said casing and to control said openings in succession.

4. A hydraulic power-transmitting mechanism comprising .a driving and a driven part, a suction pipe for supplying liquid to, and a delivery pipe for discharging liquid from, said parts, means for gradually opening said delivery pipe and thereupongradually closing said suction pipe, a pipe by-passing said closing means in said suction pipe, andfmeans for supplying liquid to the pipe beyond said closing means when said closingmeans areclosed.

5. A hydraulic power-transmitting mechanism comprising a driving and a driven part, a suction pipe for supplying liquid to, and a delivery pipe for discharging liquid from, said parts, means for gradually opening said delivery pipe and thereupon gradually closing said suction pipe, a pipe by-passing said closing means in said suction pipe, means for supplying liquid to the pipe beyond said closing means when said closing 'nected to said liquid-supplying means for supplying liquid from said by-passing pipe to continuously operatingjparts of said mechanism.

6. A hydraulic power-transmitting mechanism,

comprising a driving and a driven part, a suction pipe for supplying liquid to, and a delivery pipe for discharging liquid from, said parts, means for gradually opening said delivery pipe and thereupon gradually closing said suction pipe,

and means for conducting said liquid to permanently rotating parts of said mechanism.

7. A hydraulic power transmitting mechanism comprising a driving and a driven part, a suction 5 pipe for supplying liquid to, and a delivery pipe 0 for discharging liquid from, said parts, means for

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