US1934457A - Cut-out - Google Patents

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Publication number
US1934457A
US1934457A US561045A US56104531A US1934457A US 1934457 A US1934457 A US 1934457A US 561045 A US561045 A US 561045A US 56104531 A US56104531 A US 56104531A US 1934457 A US1934457 A US 1934457A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bronze
cutout
layer
tungsten
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US561045A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Antonius Maria Liempt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1934457A publication Critical patent/US1934457A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/62—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • H01K1/70—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp with built-in short-circuiting device, e.g. for serially connected lamps

Definitions

  • the cutout material which is disposed across the lead wires or other parts of the circuit so as to be in parallel with the filament, conducts no current or substantially no currrent at the operating voltage of the lamp but when the filament burns out, the entire se ries voltage is applied across said cutout which then becomes conducting and maintains the circuit through the remaining lamps of the series.
  • Powdered materials such as Fe3O4, PbS, FeS, and powdered metals have been suggested as materials for such a cutout.
  • the breakdown voltage of such powders depends upon the compactness with which they are placed in the stem tube of the lamp. This compactness is subject to variations under vibration which cause the value or" the breakdown voltage to vary.
  • the powders are also sensitive to theadsorption of vapors which affect the value of the breakdown voltage and since some vapor isalways formed when the lamps are cemented it is difficult to control that voltage. If the lamps containing such powders are used in a direct current circuit, it has been shown that said powders may become conducting after a certain time with the result that the breakdown voltage is affected and the filament does not receive sufficient current. Still another disadvantage of said powders is the difiiculty of obtaining constant values of breakdown voltage between 20 and 100 volts.
  • the cutout material is a tungsten bronze such as NazwzOs, NazWsOa, NasWsO a, etc.
  • the value of the breakdown voltage depends upon the thickness of the layer, upon the alkali or alkalin earth metal comprised by the bronze, and upon the type of bronze.
  • the thickness of the bronze layer to beused at low voltages is quite considerable so that a slight difference in thickness does not appreciably affect the breakdown voltage.
  • the bronze layer may be provided on a conductor which is placed across the lead-in wires or the layer may be provided on one or both of the lead-in wires with the conductor making contact with said layers.
  • the cutout may be located within the bulb or outside of it.
  • a tungsten wire or strip may be drawn through a fused acid tungstate. This forms a yellow bronze and the reaction which takes place is very probably represented by the equation
  • the tungsten Wire or strip is used as the cathode during the electrolysis of a fused acid tungstate. This reaction may be represented by the formula These two methods may be combined. If necessary the salts that have not been converted may be reduced to bronze with hydrogen. It is also possible to coat a wire or strip with an acid tungstate and reduce it later to a bronze with hydrogen.
  • This method and the method of elec trolysis hereinbefore mentioned may be applied to a wire or strip consisting of copper, nickel or nection as shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 6 is a side view of a cutout strip; Fig. 7 is a front View thereof;
  • Fig. 8 is a front elevation of an Edison socket
  • Fig. 9 is a bottom view of said socket; and Fig. 10 is a fragmentary View of said socket at right angles to Fig. 9.
  • the lamp comprises a bulb 10, filament 11, mounted on inner leads 1213, the ends of which are sealed into a stem press 14, and outer leads 15l6, the ends of which are also sealed into the stem press 14.
  • the cutout comprises a copper strip 17 provided with a layer of bronze 18 which may be connected across the leads 15-16 with the bronze layer 18 ad jacent to said lead wires as in Fig. 2, or with the bronze layer adjacent to one lead wire 15 and the copper strip 17 adjacent to the other lead wire 16 as in Fig. 3.
  • the bronze layer 18 would break down and allow the copper strip 17 to short circuit the lamp.
  • the lamp in Fig. 4 comprises a bulb 19, base 20, filament 21 mounted on inner leads 222.3, the ends of which are sealed in a stem press 24, and outer leads 2526, the ends of which are also sealed in the stem press 24.
  • the lead wire 26 is provided with a layer of bronze 27.
  • a nickel strip 28 (Fig. 5) is placed across the leads 25--26 so as to make contact with the lead wire 25 and the bronze coating 27 on the lead wire 26.
  • the lead wire 26 may be of tungsten, copper or nickel. In place of the tungsten a more flexible wire may be made by coating a molybdenum wire with tungsten.
  • the cutout shown in Figs. 6 and '7 is formed of a copper strip 29 provided on both sides with bronze coatings 30. Said cutout is placed between S clamps 31 and 32 (Figs. 8, 9, and 10) connected to side and center terminals 33 and 34 respectively of an Edison socket comprising a screw shell 35 and support 36. i
  • the so-called blue tungsten bronze of the probable composition NazW3O9 of a thickness of between and microns has been found especially effective.
  • the value of the breakdown voltage increases with the acidity of the bronze and with the thickness of the layer of bronze.
  • a cutout or electric short circuiting device comprising a bronze of a refractory metal.
  • a cutout or electric short-circuiting device comprising a tungsten bronze.
  • a cutout or electric short-circuiting device comprising a metal coated with a bronze of a refractory metal.
  • a cutout or electric short-circuiting device comprising tungsten coated with a tungsten bronze.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US561045A 1930-09-12 1931-09-03 Cut-out Expired - Lifetime US1934457A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL388088X 1930-09-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1934457A true US1934457A (en) 1933-11-07

Family

ID=19785741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US561045A Expired - Lifetime US1934457A (en) 1930-09-12 1931-09-03 Cut-out

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1934457A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE382595A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR722841A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB388088A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL30402C (en, 2012)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB388088A (en) 1933-02-23
FR722841A (fr) 1932-03-26
BE382595A (en, 2012)
NL30402C (en, 2012)

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