US1931262A

US1931262A - Firearm

Info

Publication number: US1931262A
Application number: US525101A
Authority: US
Inventors: Crawford C Loomis
Original assignee: Remington Arms Co LLC
Current assignee: Remington Arms Co LLC
Priority date: 1931-03-25
Filing date: 1931-03-25
Publication date: 1933-10-17
Anticipated expiration: 1950-10-17

Description

C. C. LOOMIS Oct. 1-7, 1933.

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'A as Patented Oct. 17, 1933I PATENT oFFlcE mman! Crawford C. Loomis, Ilion, N. Y.,.assignor to Remington Arms Company, Inc., a corporation of Delaware Application March 25, 1931. Serial No. 525,101

1s claims.' (Cl, 42 4) This invention relates to rearms and contemplates certain improvements and refinements in rearm construction; as hereinafter described.

For the purpose of illustration, the inventions 5 have been shown as applied to a firearm of the autoloading type such for example as the firearm illustrated in the patent to Browning, No. 659,507,

October 9, 1900; but it is to be understood that in many respects the inventions are of general ,10 application and not limited to any particular type of rearm.

The aforesaid Patent No. 659,507 describes a rearm of the autoloading type in which the cartridges are stored in a tubular magazine-bev neath the barrel and aretransferred one at a time from said magazine to the firing chamber. The operations incident to reloading, such as the extraction of a red shell from the chamber and its ejection from the receiver, the removal of a 2o fresh cartridge from the magazine onto the carrier, the upward movement of the carrier to align said shell with the chamber, its movement into the chamber, and the closing and locking of the breech, are all effected automatically and are initiated by a rearward or. recoil movement of thebarrel. Movement of cartridges from the'magazine is prevented and the. carrier is locked against cartridge transferring movement during the displacement of the barrel. One object of the present invention is to provide an improved carrier locking device 'and in conjunction therewith improved means for retaining cartridges in the magazine during the dispiacement of lthe carrier from its normal or lowered position. A y 1 A further object of the invention is to provide an improved cartridge stopping means associated with the breech block and so arranged as to positively prevent release of the cartridges from the 40 magazine when the operating mechanism is in such position that the release of a cartridge or shell would cause a malfunctioning.

A further object of the invention is to provide certain improvements in ring hammer control, with particular reference to the type of iiring spring and its connection to the hammer.

A -further object of the invention is to provide improved means for quickly shifting the carrier 5o from its lower position to its upper position or from-its upper position to its lower position when such movements have been initiated by the movementof the-breech block. A

A further object of the invention is to provide `isis. mechanism for preventing the movement of a trigger locking safety member to safe position after the gun has been fired.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved cartridge stopping device, and improved means for controlling said device from the V recoiling barrel.

A further object ofthe invention is to provide an improved means for locating the wood forearm with respect tothe magazine tube and the receiver, and improved devices for securing such -forearm in correct position. K

A further object of the. invention is to provide va friction device for checking the speed of recoil of the barrel so constructed as to provide an automatic adjustment for light, medium and heavy loads.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consiss in the novel constructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts, a representative embodiment of which 'is shown in the draw- 75 ings and will be hereinafter more fully described.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a part of a i-lrearm embodying the present inventions, the section being generally at a line. inside the left receiver wall, the breech block being retracted and the barrel in its normal forward position. The forward position of the breech block is indicated in broken lines.

Fig.- 2 is a sectional elevation of the right side 85 A of the rearm, the section being generally upon a line just inside the right wall of the receiver, and. the operating-parts being shown at a particular point in the closing movement of the breech block. K

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the re- 90 ceiver substantially on thel line 3 3 of Fig. .1, the breech being closed. I

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section showing a part of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 3, the carrier and the cartridge thereon being in the positions they occupy during 'the displacement of the barrel.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4, showing the cartridge and carrier in thepositions they occupy when the .barrel has arrived at normal position and the carrier is about to be elevated.

Fig. 6 is a View of a part of the mechanism 'shown in Fig. 1 but with the breech closed and view of the recoil u such forearm locating and supporting devices as' fastening particularly adapted for use with small capacity magazine tubes.

The firearm comprises a barrel 10 provided with a barrel extension 11 housed within a receiver 12. Fixed to said receiver is a magazine tube 13 which, according to the present invention, is provided with a reinforcing collar member 14 located immediately in front of the receiver and serving with the connection between the magazine tube and receiver to prevent lateral or vertical displacement of the magazine tube with respect to the receiver. Said collar is preferably formed as a separate piece and fixed in position upon the magazine tube by any desirable means. This collar further forms a locating and supporting de vice for the wood forearm 15 which, as seen in Fig. 1, fits closely about the collar and is provided with a tenon 16 adapted to enter a recess or mortise cut 17 in the forward end of the receiver. As the forearm is moved rearwardly into position, the collar 14 serves to accurately align thetenon 16 with the mortise cut 17, preventing the shearing of the wood of said tenon by engagement with the sharp edge of the mortise cut. 'I'he use of the collar 14 further obviates the necessity for dowel Vpins engaging at one part with the wood forearm and at another part with the metal receiver. Such dowel pins have in the past been a source of great annoyance due to their splitting out the wood fore-end or breaking oif in the rigid metal receiver. The forearm may be further located upon the magazine tube at its forward end by a latch member 18 which is 'preferably pivoted upon one ofV two or more transverse reinforcing' tations upon a cap screw 25 which is threadedl upon the end of the magazine tube to hold the assembly in place, and prevents accidental loosening of said screw.

An alternative fore-end fastening device, op-

' `erating in conjunction with the aforesaid collar 14 to hold the forearm in correct barrel receiving position, is illustrated in' Fig. 9. fIn this ar-v rangement, the forward 'end of the magazine tube is closed by a block 26 provided with an eccentrically located threaded aperture adapted to receive the threaded end of a take-down screw or bolt 27 which projects through the forward end of the forearm and is manipulated by a knurled head 28 which maybe provided with an extensible plunger, all as more fully described in my co-pending application, Serial No. 481,277. It

is apparent that due to the eccentricity of thev opening which receives the take-down screw that said screw serves to accurately hold the wood forearm in correct position.

recoil movement, the rearward end of the barrel extension contacting with the rear end of the receiver or a cushioning device therein. At the same time it is highly desirable that when heavier loadsl are used the recoil movement of the barrel be retarded to such an extent that its force of im- -pact against the end of the receiver is not substantially greater than the impact produced by thelightest load. v

The present invention contemplates an improved and self -regulating friction device operating between the barrel and the magazine tube whereby the friction against the magazine tube is made directly proportional to the force of recoil so that the amount of recoil energy absorbed by said friction device varies in proportion to the intensity of the recoil, and the residual energy with which the barrel engages the cushioning device in the receiver is substantiallyconstant for all loads. Said friction device may be constructed as follows: A split ring 33, which may be of brass or bronze, encircles the forward end of the magazine tube, its forward face abutting the rear face of the barrel lug 31. For greater-resilience a split ring 330 of steel may surround the brass ring 33. Between the friction ring 33 and the recoil spring 30 is interposed a comparatively heavy inertia piece 34 which is preferably assembled with the ring 33 in such a manner as to render its removalsomewhat dilcult. For this purpose, the ring 33 may be provided with a'series of extending hooks or fingers 35, the hook portions of which are adapted to engage in a groove 36 in the inertia ring 34. 'I'he end of ring 331s beveled, as seen at 37, the bevel engaging a corresponding under-cut bevel on the inertia ring 34. It is apparent that as the recoil movement of the barrel is transmitted to Vthe split friction ring 33 through vthe lug 31 this ring will be compressed against the magazine tube and will resist the movement of the barrel with a force which is proportional to the resistance of the inertia ring to rearward movement. The inertia ring being of substantial weight, the force with which it resists the movement of the friction ring 33 will be proportional to the acceleration of the ring and of the barrel to which the ring is connected. Hence, the

greater the acceleration of the barrel the greater will be the pressure of the beveled face of the inertia piece against the' friction ring, and the tighter this ring will grip the stationary magazine tube. Thus, the velocity of lrecoil of the barrel is automatically maintained substantially constant for heavy, medium and light loads.

The mechanism within the receiver may be arranged substantially as follows: A breech block 39 slides in suitable guide-ways in the receiver. Within said breech block abreech locking piece 40 is pivoted on suitable arcuate trunnions 41;

this method of pivoting being utilized for the reason that it is desirable that the center of rotation of thebreech locking piece 40 be above the breech block. 'Said locking piece comprises an upwardly extending locking bolt 42 adapted to engage in an aperture 43 in the barrel extension, thereby locking the. breech block to the barrel. Pivoted to the lower rearward portionv encl with a finger piece 47 isconnected tor the A` groove in one `side cartridge to pass the head unless such movement Iower rearward portion of the breech locking piece 40.

It will bey apparent from the mechanisms thus far described that when a cartridge is fired, the barrel will recoil, the breech block being locked thereto by means of the locking bolt 42, until the rear end of the barrel extensionvengages the rear end 45 of the receiver. It willalso be seen that, if at the end of the recoil movement the slide 46 is engaged and held as the barrel starts to move forwardly under the force of the recoil spring 30, the breech block will move slightly forward therewith rotating the locking piece and disengaging it from the barrel extension, after which the barrel and extension move forward to their normal positions while the breech block is retained in the rear end of the receiver. The means for thus holding the slide 46, and with it the breech block, are associated with the cartridge carrier. Said carrier is pivoted at 48 in the sides of the receiver, and comprises forwardly extending arms 53 connected by a plate or shovel 54 adapted to support a cartridge, and a rearwardly extending arm 55 provided with a latch piece 56 controlled by a spring and plunger which tend to move said latch piece to a vertical position, all as more fully described in the aforementioned Browning patent. As the mechanism recoils, the slide 46 rides over the latch piece 56, rocking it backward against the force of its spring. As the slide reaches its rearmost position, said latch piece .is moved by its spring into a notch 57 in the slide, thereby'latching the slide in itsrearmost position as long as the carrier is prevented from rocking about its pivot. e

Itshould be noted that-with the parts in this position the breech restoring spring is compressed and tends to move the slide forwardly and that the same spring, by reason of the engagement of the latch piece 56 with the slide 46, tends to 'rock the carrier to elevate its forward or cartridge supporting portion. The carrier is latched against said rocking movement by a carrier latch device, illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 to 5, inclusive. It comprises a vertically disposed and longitudinally extending plate member 58 pivoted at 59 in a recess in the side of the receiver and provided with a head 60- adapted to engage the upper surface of the carrier (Figs. 3 and 4) 'thereby preventing its movement. For the purpose ofl manually moving the carrier latch to release the carrier a release button 62 projects through the receiver wall andengages plate 58 at a point in advance of its pivot 59. The carrier latch is normally held in latching position by a suitable spring such as 63 interposed between the rearward portion of plate 58 and the side wall of the receiver, and is rocked against the tension of such spring to release the carrier when a cartridge is propelled into contact with the latch head 60 by the magazine spring, as hereinafter described.

Said carrier latch likewise serves as a cartridge cut-off, that is, a means for separating a cartridge upon the carrier and about to be transferred to the chamber from the adjacent cartridge in the magazine. For this purpose the forward end of plate 58 is, according to the present invention, provided with an enlarged head 6l which, as clearly illustrated in Figs. 3 to 5, is made of suchwidth that its outer edge can never pass beyond the rim of the `cartridge which it engages. Its cartridge engaging face is inclined so that the pressure of a cartridge thereon rocks the latch to disengaging position, permitting the is positively prevented. The design of head 61 of the cartridge cut-off in this manner is of the greatest importance. If the head were so -constructed that it could pass inside the rim and rest entirely upon the fiat head of the cartridge, the pressure of the cartridge (due to the magazine spring) would tend to move the head away from disengaging position. This would prevent movement of the member 58 by its spring 63 to release the cartridge, and thus prevent any feeding of cartridges from the chamber. Such catching of the cartridges on the cartridge cut-off may occur either after loading or during automatic operation, and is explained as follows:

The cartridges in vthe magazine are being forced rearwardly and against the cartridge cutcartridge must engage the rear. end of the carl rier latch and displace this latch, not only against the force of the carrier latch spring 63 but against the friction between the latch and the carrier, the carrier being forcefully vthrust upward against the latch through its connection with the breech block restoring spring. It is thus necessary to maintain the proper ratio of vstrengths of the magazine spring and carrier latch spring, as well as the strength of each of these springs relative to the breech block restoring spring; the strength of Ithe carrier latch spring 63 cannot be increased without disturbing the essentially balanced relation between three springs. Further, as already stated, if any part of the cartridge cut-off is permitted to engage the at head of the cartridge, the force of the magazine spring is applied to the cartridge cut-off in such a way as to rotate said cut-off still further across the head of the cartridge and away from cartridge releasing position. 'I =he present invention has overcome these dimculties, inherent in prior constructions, by the provision of the novel cartridge cut-oi head 61, which is so inclined as to engage the rim of the cartridge only, whereby the magazine spring tends to rotate it to cartridge releasing position, and not to cartridge engaging position. Further, the car tridge cut-oir head and the release buttonV 62 are so proportional thatthe head cannot p beyond the rimof a cartridge.

The vmeans for retaining cartridges in the magazine when the breech is closed may be associated with a device for holding the breech locking piece 40 out of locking position during part of the forward movement of the breech block, as follows: Pivoted at 64 in the lower part of the breech block is a combined breech lock latch piece and cartridge stop 65 urged to rotate counter-clockwise (Fig. 1) by a spring 66. The breech lock latching function of said piece is performed through the engagement of its rearioo wardly projecting end with -a shoulder 67 (Fig.

scribed the locking piece 40 is rotated to bring shoulder 67 opposite latch 65, thereby holding the locking piece in ineffective position until, in the forward movement of the breech block, the forward end of link 44 again engages and lowers said latch. The cartridge stopping function of said latch 65 is performed through a nose 68 and a shoulder 69 thereon. I,When the breech is closed, as illustrated in Fig. 6, the rearmost cartridge in the magazine normally stands in engagement with said nose 68 and, as the breech block is retracted, the cartridge follows said shoulder until it is engaged either by a shoulder 70 upon the carrier or by a supplemental cartridge stop controlled by the barrel extension in a manner to be presently described. A

In order to load the magazine, the carrier latch 60 is moved out of carrier-engaging position by pressing inwardly the button 62. The carrier can then be elevated manually, exposing the rear end of the magazine tube and cartridges o are thrust one at a time below the carrier and proper functioning of the gun. One function of.

the stop shoulder 69 is to prevent cartridges thus becoming accidentally lodged beneath the breech block and above the `carrier during loading. Shoulder 69 is located in the rear of the end of the carrier, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, whereas the nose 68 is located in front of the end of the carrier; hence, a cartridge which on being inserted in the magazine has not engaged the nose 68, but instead rests against the end of the carrier, will be stopped against the shoulder 69 when the carrier is moved down.

In the operation of the gun, upon the forward movement of the breech block, the carrier is depressed by engagement with the

parts

68 and 69 of member 65'. As the breech block advances the lower edge of nose 68 must pass over and engage the upper surface of the carrier shovel 54 substantially simultaneous with the engagement of said shovel by the comers of the breech block. Since the edge of nose 68 is closer to carrier pivot 48 than the forward end of the breech block, the carrier immediately moves out of contact with the breech block. As the breech block continues to advance, the shoulder 69 passes over the shovel 54,

which has been initially depressed by the nose 68,

and thereafter shoulder 69\depresses.the carrier to the -point from which it is snapped downward to its normal position in the manner to be hereinafter described.

An improved means is provided for stopping the rearward movement of the cartridges in vthe magazine during the rearward displacement of the barrel. This device is necessarym order to provide for the detachment of the barrel from the breech block,1the extraction and ejection of the shell in thechamber, 'and the restoration of the barrel to its normal forward position. all prior 'to the release of the carrier from the'carrier latch by the presence of a cartridge thereon, as heretofore described. lSaid barrel controlled cartridge stop ycomprises a member 72 (Figs. 3 to 5) pivoted-in-the receiver wall and urged to cartridge stopping position by a suitable spring 73. From a portion of said member 72, preferably aubstantially mid-'way between its pivot and its cartridge engaging end, extends a nger 74 adapted for co-operation with surfaces 75 and 76 upon thev barrel extension. When the barrel is in its normal forward position, the end of said finger restsv upon the surface 76 .which is cut only slightly below the arcuate surface of the barrel extension. The purpose of the cut 76 is to provide an extended bearing surface for the end of nger 74 when the parts are in this position, thereby elimihating destructive wear and cutting between the barrel extension and the finger due to a line contact. As the barrel extension moves rearwardly, the finger 74 rides off from the surface 76 onto the more deeply cut surface 75, whereupon the cartridge stop member 72, of which said finger 74 is a part, is rocked about its pivot by its spring 73 to bring its forward end into the path of the head of the rearmost cartridge in the magazine which cartridge, until its engagement by stop 72, is following the member 65, carried by the moving breech block. The point of engagement of finger 74 with the barrel being substantially mid-way between the pivot and the cartridge engaging end of said cartridge stop, an ample movement of the cartridge engaging end is insured. The carrier is notched as shown'at 77 to receive the cartridge stop when it is projected to cartridge engaging position. By this arrangement of parts ample allowance for wear and for the distortion of the cartridge stop, due to repeated impacts with the rapidly moving column of cartridges, is insured, and misfunctioning, due to toc restricted an engagement area between the stop and the cartridges, is positively prevented.

The invention contemplates certain improvements in hammer control and safety mechanism, one embodiment of whichis as follows: A r'ing hammer 78 pivoted at '19I in the trigger plate 80 is adapted for co-opera ion with a trigger 8i in substantially the m er described in the aforementioned Patent No. 659,507. Said hammer is propelled by a coil spring 82 preferably contained in a housing 83 .suitably attached tc gagement with the hammer. The hammer spring itself is removed to a location in the rear of the moving mechanism'and is separately housed.

Means are provided for locking the trigger against hammer releasing movement vwhen desired. These devices may take various forms. The device selected for the purpose of illustration comprises a cross bolt safety 86, provided with a notch 87, and adapted to engage a .flange 88 in the trigger. It is desirable to prevent the movement of the safety bolt to "safe position when-the hammeris in its forward or uncocked position. This is done by holding the trigger depressed, with the ange 88 in the notch 87. By this means the safety piece is made to serve as an indicator of whether or not the gun is ready to fire, andv the trigger, and with it the safety bolt when the hammer is down, the present-invention contemplates the addition to the trigger of an extension 15 B spring illustrated in the aforementioned Patent No, 659,507. In either construction, the part of the hammer operating mechanism adjacent the lug 90 is elevated. as the hammer moves forward,

thus coming in contact with said lug 90 and holding the trigger in its rearmost position, in which position the flange 88 .is in the notch 87 ,of the s afety bolt 86 andl said safety bolt cannot be moved to safe position. It will be apparent that the operation of the means for thus preventl5 ing movement of the safety member whenv the gun is uncocked will be the same for all types of safety devices which engage a part of the trigger.

Improved means are provided for compelling the movement of the carrier either to its elevated or its lowered position which movements it will be recalled are initiated respectively by the engagement of the latch piece 55 with the slide 46 and by the engagement of the cartridge carrying portion of the carrier with the parts 68and-69. For the' purpose of completing either of the movements thus initiated, one arm of the carrier is 1 provided with an essentially V-shaped downward projection 91 (Fig. 1). This projection -is adapt- Y ed for co-operation with the forwardly extending arm 92 of an elbow lever pivoted at 93, and

having an upwardly extending arm 94 apertured to receive the end of a spring pilot 95 surrounded by a spring 96. 'I'he spring pilot may abut a stationary part of the receiver; Acr for convenience may be received ina V-notch 9'? in the carrier and so located with respect to the carrier pivot that when the carrier is down it is substantially in alignment with the carrier pivot, as seen in Fig. 1. As the carrier is elevated from its Fig.

f1 position, its movement is resisted by the spring 96, the arm 92 being. lowered until 4the point of the V-shaped projection 91 passes ofi the end of the arm 92. Thereafter the pressure of spring 96 is applied through the arm 92 to the rearward side of the V-shaped projection 91 to quickly elevate thev carrier. This motion is assisted by the engagement of the spring pilot below the carrier pivot (Fig. 2). The nalposition of the carrier is illustrated in Fig 2. As the carrier moves 0'--dqwn from this position, the spring 9s 1s again compressed until the point of projection 91 passes the arm 92, after which the power of spring 96 is applied to snap the carrier downward to itsy normal position.

5251- The operations incident to the transfer of a cartridge from the magazine to the chamber, both manually and automatically, will now be summarized: The manual operation will rst be considered. The gun being empty, it is necessary to c'ffmm the magazine- This is done by inserting 'cartridges through the opening in the bottom of the receiver, which is partly closed by the carrier. In order to permit the necessary elevation of the carrier, the release button 62 is -pressed in- 35 ward to move the carrier latch head 60 from over the carrier. Cartridges may now be inserted one at a time in the magazine. If any cartridge is not pushed forward far enough to pass the nose 68 it will rest against the end of the carrier, and when 7'() the' carrier is released it will be engaged by shoulder 69, from whichv position it. can be readily moved forward to clear the carrier' and permit the insertion of more cartridges.4 If the last cartridge is pushed forward beyond the cartridge cut-off member 61, it will not remain in this position, but will deflect said member and be moved rearward into engagement with the Vcartridge stop nose 68. The breech block is now retracted bymaniplation of finger piece 47 on the slide 46. Slide 46 being connected with the locking piece 40 at a point substantially below the pivot point of said piece, and the barrel being held forwardly by the recoil spring 30, the rst movement of nger piece 47 will retract slide 46 relative to the breech block and unlock the locking piece; thereafter the breech block and locking piece move rearwardly together, the column of cartridges moving to the rear until the rim of the rearmost cartridge rocks the carrier latch and in so doing thrusts the cartridge cut-off head 61 into the path of the second cartridge. The linger piece 47 is thereupon released andthe breech is moved forward bythebreech restoring spring, rst elevating the carrier to bring the cartridge thereoninto alignment with the breech block, after which said cartridge is thrust into the chamber by the breech block.l The movement of the carrier will be described somewhat more in detail'in consideringA automatic operation. As the breech block moves forward, the forward end of link 44 engages the lbreech lock latch 65 and depresses it to permit the locking piece 40 to be rocked into locking engagement with the barrel extension by the breech block restoring spring.

The automatic operation will now be considered: Assume that the magazine is loaded and that there is an unrlred shell in the lchamber.

Upon the depression of the trigger the hammer isV released and the cartridge iired in the usual way. The recoil incident to the ring of the cartridge thrusts the barrel rearwardly, its motion being resisted by the self-adjusting friction brake heretofore described to an extent 'proportional to the power of the particular cartridge. The barrel and the breech block travel rearwardlytogether being locked together by the locking piece 40. In this movement. the cartridges in the magazine follow the combined cartridge stop and breech lock latch member 65 until the head of the rearmost cartridge is engaged by the cartridge stop member 72 which member has been moved into cartridge stopping position by its spring 73 when the cut-away surface '75 of the barrel extension comes opposite the cartridge stop operating iinger "14. The head of the rearmost cartridge is thrust laterally to securely engage stop 'l2 by a suitably curved part of the member 58 (Figs. 4 and 5). The column of cartridges in the magazine remains in this position throughout the remainder of the rearward movement and the entire forward movement of the barrel. As the barrel and barrel extension reach the rearward end of their recoil movement the latch piece 55 engages a notch in the slide 46, blocking forward movement of said slide, the breech restoring spring having been compressed in the recoil movement. The barrel now starts forward under the action of the recoil spring 30, in so doing carrying the breech block forward relative to the slide 46 an- The breechposition when moved thereto by the breech lock latch 65. The breech block restoring spring tends to rotate the forward end of the carrier upwardly by reason of the engagement of latch piece '55 with the slide 46 but -this movement is prevented by the engagement of the carrier latch 60 with the upper surface of the carrier. As the barrel reaches its forward position, the cartridge `stop 72 is moved out of engagement with the head of the rearmost cartridge by the engagement of finger '74 with the inclined end of the surface or track '75, and the cartridges in the magazine are thereupon propelled rearwardly by the magazine spring', the riml of the rearmost cartridge engaging the carrier latch 60 and rocking the same to bring the cartridgel cut-off head 61 into the path of the rim of the second cartridge in the magazine. The rearmost cartridge, due to its momentum, will continue to move rearwardly a suiiicient amount to free it from the head of the second cartridge. The carrier thus being freed begins to move forwardly under the action of the breech block restoring spring and, at the same time, the breech block begins to move forwardly. When the carrier has been moved a short distance its movement is completed by the carrier spring 99 through the projection91 and arm 92. The head of the cartridge upon the carrier is engaged by the face of the breech block and said cartridge is thrust into the chamber. During this movement the carrier is depressed by its engagement with the breech block, the nose 68 and stop shoulder 69, and the downward movement of the carrier is -completed by `the engagement of the forward edge of projection 91 with the armv 92. As the carrier moves down, it clears the carrier latch head and, by reason of the engagement of the rim of the rearmost cartridge with the inclined face of the cartridge cut-01T member 61, saidv carrier latch is rotated to latching position, re'- leasing the cartridges in the magazine which thereupon move rearwardly until the rearmost cartridge is in engagement with the nose 68 or the supplemental stop shoulder 69. As the breech block reaches its forward position the locking piece is rocked to locking position, and the gun is again in condition for firing the car-I tridge in the chamber and a repetition of the same cycle of operation.

The` drawings and the foregoing description are to be understood as illustrating one embodiment only of inventions which may take many other forms, all falling within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. In a firearm comprising a receiver, a tube secured to said receiver and a forearm housing said tube, means for locating said forearm with respect to said receiver comprising a ring on said tube adapted to be engaged by an interior wall of said forearm.

2. In a firearm comprising a receiver, a tube secured thereto and a forearm housing said tube, means for locating said forearm with respect to said receiver comprising a mortise cut in said receiver, a tenon on said forearm, and a ring on said tube adapted to guide said tenon into said mortise cut.

3. In a firearm comprising a receiver, a magazine tube secured to said receiver and a forearm housing said magazine tube, means for locating said forearm upon said receiver and said magazine tube comprising inter-engaging devices on said forearm and said receiver, a ring on said tube adapted to align said inter-engaging devices, and means associated with the forward ends of said tube and forearm respectively adapted to locate them in proper angular relation. i

4. In a firearm comprising a receiver, a magazine tube connected therewith and a forearm housing said magazine tube, means for locating said forearm with respect to said receiver and said magazine tube comprising a guide ring on, said magazine tube adjacent said receiver, an eccentrically apertured plug in the forward end .of said tube, and a device traversing' 'a part of said forearm received in the aperture in said plug. f

5. In al firearm comprising a recoiling barrel, means for regulating the velocity of recoil of said barrelunder varying loads comprising a friction device, an inertia member adapted toregu'- late the effective friction of said friction device by its resistance to acceleration, and means for joining said inertia member to said friction device comprising iingers projecting from said friction device and a finger receiving seat in said inertia member.

6. In a firearm comprising a recoiling barrel, means for regulating the velocity ofrecoil of said barrel under varying loads comprising a friction-` .to said chamber; a cartridge cut-off device for separating a cartridge about to be transferred to the chamber from the adjacent cartridge in the magazine, the cartridge engaging surface of said cartridge cut-off device being so formed that the pressure thereon of the cartridges in the magazine tends to move the cartridge cut-off device to ineffective position. l p

8. In a firearm comprising a cartridge containing magazine, a chamber, and means for transferring cartridges one at a time from said magazine to said chamber; a cartridge cut-off device for separating a cartridge about to be transferred to the chamber from the adjacent cartridge in the magazine by engaging the head of said adjacent cartridge, the cartridge head engaging surface of said cartridge cut-off device being so formed that the pressure thereon ofthe cartridges 'in the magazine tends to move the cartridge cut-off device to ineffective position, a cartridge stop,I and means associated with said cartridge cut-off device for moving a cartridge transversely into engagement with said stop.

9. In a firearm comprising a chamber, a receiver and a magazine adapted to contain aplurality of cartridges; means for transferring cartridges one at atime from said magazine to said chamber comprising a carrier in said receiver, a combined carrier latch and cartridge cut-off device adapted to be operated by a cartridge on said carrier to first engage the rim of the adjacent cartridge in the magazine and thereby stop the movement of said adjacent cartridge and subsequently to operate said carrier latch to release said carrier, the cartridge rim engaging face of said cartridge cut-off member being so inclined that the pressure of cartridges thereon tends' to move said member out of engagement with the cartridge.

10. In a. rearm comprisingl a cartridge containing` magazine, a chamber, and means for transferring cartridges one at a time from said magazine to said chamber, a cartridge cut-off device for separating a cartridge about to be transferred to the chamber from the adjacent cartridge in the magazine, the arrangement being such that the engagement of the cartridge cuto device with the cartridge tends to move the cartridge cut-0E to ineffective position.

11. In a i'lrearm comprising a recoiling barrel, a chamber, a receiver and a magazine adapted to contain a plurality of cartridges; in combination, means for transferring cartridges one at a time from said magazine to said chamber comprising a carrier in said receiver, a stop controlled by said barrel adapted to retain the cartridges in the magazine during the displacement of said barrel, and a combined carrier latch and cartridge cutoi device adapted to be operated by a cartridge on said carrier to rst engage the rim of the` adjacent' cartridge in the magazine and thereby stop the movement of said cartridge and subsequently operate the carrier latch to release said carrier, said combined carrier latch and cartridge cut-off being further adapted to positively move the rearmost cartridge into engagement with said barrel controlled cartridge stop.

12. In a firearm comprising arecoiling barrel, a chamber, a receiver, and a magazine adapted to contain a plurality of cartridges; in combination, means for transferring cartridges one at a time from said. magazine to said chamber vcomprising a carrier in said receiver, a barrel controlled cartridge stop',` and a cartridge cut-ofi member comprising a part adapted to move a cartridge engaged therebyv transversely toward said barrel controlled cartridge stop.

13. In a rearm comprising a chambered barrel provided with a bar rel extension, av receiver Aand a magazine; means for transferring cartridges one at a time from said magazine to the chamber in said barrel comprising a carrier in said receiver, a cartridge stop device controlled by said barrel extension and adapted to retain cartridges ink said magazine, and a notch in said carrier adapted `to receive a portion of said cartridge stop when said stop is in eiIective position.

' 14. In a firearm comprising a recoiling chambered barrel provided with a barrel extension, a cartridge stop adapted for control by said barrel extension, a longitudinally extending recess of substantial depth in said barrel yextension adapted to receive a part of said cartridge stop when said barrel is displaced, and a supplemental recess of less depth in said barrel extension said chamber; a cartridge stop device on said v breech block adapted to retain cartridgesin said magazine when said breech block is in chamber closing position, said cartridge stop device com` prising a cartridge engaging nose and a supplemental cartridge engaging shoulder, the arrangement being such that when the breech block is in chamber closing position said nose isl in advance of the end of the carrier and said shoulder is in the rear of the end of the carrier.

16. In a firearm comprising a chamber and a magazine adapted to contain a plurality of cartridges, means for transferring cartridges one at a time from said magazine to said chamber comprising a pivoted carrier adapted to be moved from a depressed cartridge receiving position to an elevated cartridge delivering position, means for initiating the reverse movements of said carrier, and means for completing said movements comprising a substantially V-shaped projection onlsaid carrier, an arm pivoted in said receiver and adapted to engage alternately on opposite sides of the point of said projection, and a spring associated with said arm and urging it into engagement with said projection.

17. In a firearm comprising a chamber and a magazine adapted to contain a plurality of cartridges, means for transferring cartridges one at a time from said magazine to said chamber comprising a pivoted carrier adapted to be moved from a depressed cartridge receiving position to an elevated cartridge delivering position, means for initiating reverse movements of said carrier; and means for completing said movements comprising a substantially V-shaped projection on said carrier, an arm pivoted in said receiver and adapted to engage alternately on opposite sides of the point of said projection, a spring-associated with said arm and urging it into engagement with said projection, and an abutment for said spring supported in said carrier.-

, 18. In a. rearm comprising a trigger plate, a firing hammer pivoted 4in said trigger plate and a trigger .pivoted in said trigger plate and adapted to engage said hammer, means for propelling said firing hammer comprising a coil spring, a housing for `said spring secured to said trigger plate in the rear of said trigger, a forked link` in operative engagement with said spring, the two prongs of said link extending forward on opposite sides of said hammer and trigger and being pivoted at their forward ends on opposite sides of said hammer. j CRAWFORD C. LUOMIS.

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