US1929445A - Pressure fluid motor - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 10, 1933. c QSGQQD 1,929,445

PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed July 31, 1929 f/MA-Mm Patented Oct. 10, 1933 illll. st

TES

Sullivan Machinery Company, Clareincnt,

N. H, a corporation of Massachusetts Application July 31, 1929. Serial No. 382,527

16 Claims.

This invention relates to pressure fluid motors, and more particularly to pressure fluid motors of the impact type especially adapted to use in rock drills and tools.

An object of this invention is to provide an improved pressure fluid motor. Another object is to provide an improved pressure fluid motor of the impact type having improved fluid controlling and distribution means. A. further object is to provide an roved pressure fluid motor wherein separate fl distributing valves are employed for cont-rdng the flow 01 pressure fluid to the motor cylinder, 2. separate valve being provided for con 'olling the flow of pressure fluid for each end of the motor cylinder. Yet another object is'to provide an improved pressure fluid motor of the aforesaid type having .ie fluid distributing valves arranged in improved manner whereby direct flow of fluid to the ends of the motor cylinder is possible. Another object to provide an 11"13101811 press re fluid motor of the aforesaid t wherein the fluid distributing valves are a cylinder at opposite ends th eof, one valve being arranged within the rear motor head and the other valve wit in the front motor head. Yet another object isto provide an improved pressure fluid motor of the reciprocating hammer piston type having automatic ratchet and pawl rotation mecl nism and impr red fluid distribution means ll 1g rluid distributing valves, one arranged coaxially with surrounding the rifle bar of the rotation mechanism, while the other is arranged coaxially with and surrounds the stri ing of the hammer piston. A further object is to provide an improved fluid distribution means for a pressure fluid motor havim an improved arrangement of the fluid distributing valves and passages controlled whereby a more efficient motor is obtained. These and other objects and advantages of this invention will hereinafter more fully appear.

In the accompanying drawing there is shown for purposes of illustration one form which the invention may assume in practice.

In the drawing,

1 is a central longitudinal sectional View illustrating the illustrative embodiment of the improved pressure fluid motor.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts in a dififerent position.

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on line 33 of Fig. 2.

In this illustrative construction there is shown a pressure fluid motor of the impact type especial- 1y adapted for use in rock drills or similar tools and comprising a motor cylinder 1 having a bore 2 in which a hammer piston 3 is reciprocably mouned. The hammer piston is provided with a forwardly projecting strikingbar 4 adapted to deliver a series of blows to the shank of a usual drill steel, not shown. The cylinder 1 is provided with a rear motor head 5 and a front motor head 6, each comprising aplurality of sections as hereinafter described and the front head having a bore 7 Within which the striking bar 4 moves. An automatic intermittent ratchet andpawl type rotation mechanism generally designated 8 is provided for imparting intermittent rotation of the hammer piston 3 during reciprocation thereof and this rotative movement of the hammer piston is transmitted by means of straight grooves 9 formed on the exterior of the striking bar 4 and interlocking with straight lugs 10 formed on a chuck nut 11 threadedly connected at 12 to a 75 rotatable chuck sleeve 13. This chuck sleeve supports the usual drill steel and imparts rotation thereto in a well known manner. The chuck sleeve 13 is rotatably mounted in a chuck housing 14. More specifically, the rotation mechanism 8 comprises a pawl carrier 15 having usual spring pressed pawls engaging ratchet teeth 16 formed on a usual ratchetring 17. Projecting forward from this pawl carrier through a bore 18 formed in the rear motor head 5 and into the rear end of the hammer piston is a rifle bar 19 having spiral grooves 20 interlocked with spiral lugs formed on a rifle nut 21 threadedly secured within the hammer piston. As shown, the pawl carrier 15 has a rearwardly projecting cylindrical projection 22 disposed in a bore 23 formed in a plate. 24 interposed between the ratchet ring 1? and a rear head block 25. The rear motor head 5 the ratchet ring l'l'and plate 24 are arranged within a bore 25 formed within the rear end of the motor cylinder and alined with the cylinder bore. As is usual in rock drilling motors, the cylinder 1, front and rear motor heads 5 and 6, the chuck housing 14, ratchet ring 17, plate 24 and rear head block 25 are held in assembled relation by means of usual side rods 26, shown in Fig. 3. It will thus be seen that as the hammer piston r'eciprocates within the motor cylinder, it is intermittently rotated by the ratchet and pawl mechanism and this intermittent rotation of the piston is transmitted through the straight grooves 9 on the striking bar 4, the lugs 10 on the chuck nut 11 and the chuck sleeve 13 to the drill steel carried thereby, in a well known manner.

Now referring to the improved fluid controlling and distribution means and more particularly to the fluid distribution means for the rear end of the motor cylinder, it will be noted that in this instance the rear motor head 5 is in the form of a valve chest and is composed of three parts, i. e. a block 2'7, an end plate 28 and an intermediate plate 29. The block 27 is provided with a cylindrical projection 30 surrounding the rifle bar 19 and slidably mounted on this projection, and disposed within a bore 31 in the plate 29 is an annular disc or plate valve 32 herein composd of relatively thin sheet metal. Leading from the bore 31 and extending through the end plate 28 is a large fluid conducting passage 33 communicating directly with the rear end of the cylinder bore 2. Formed in the head block 25 at the rear of the plate24 is a fluid supply chamber 34, and a passage 35 formed in the plate 24, ratchet ring 17 and rear motor head block 27 connects this chamber with a groove 36 formed in the forward face of the block 27. A passage 37 formed in the intermediate plate 29 connects the groove 36 with a groove 38 formed in the rear face of the end plate 28. These grooves 36 and 38 extend completely around the elements 2'7 and 28 and communicate with the bore 31 within which the valve 32 is mounted. Also communicating with the bore 31 and extending completely around the forward face of the block 2'? is an annular groove or recess 35 A piston controlled passage 36 leads from this groove to the cylinder bore and communicates with the latter through a port 37 As clearly shown in Fig. 3 extending partly around the rear face of the end plate 28 is a groove or recess 39 communicating with the groove 38 through a slot or groove 40. The valve 32 is adapted to reciprocate back and forth within the bore 31 and to alternatively seat against the front and rear faces of the members 27 and 28 respectively.

The fluid distribution means for the forward end of the cylinder bore is substantially the same as that for the rear end thereof. As in the construction described above, the front motor head 6 is made up of three members 41, 42 and 43 and the intermediate member 42 is provided with a bore 44 within which an annular plate valve 45 similar to the valve 32 is mounted. The member 41 is provided v th a cylindrical projection 46 encircling the sti 1g bar 4 of the hammer piston and forms a cylindrical guide for the valve 45. A large passage 4'7 formed in the member 43 connects the bore 44 with the front end of the cylinder bore. As illustrated, a longitudinal passage 48 connects the fluid supply chamber 34 with a groove formedin the front face of the member 43. A passage 5% formed in the intermediate member 42 connects this groove with a groove 51 forme in the rear face of the member 41. As in the construction described above, these grooves 49 and 51 extend completely around the members 41 and 43 and communicate with the bore 44 within which the valve 45 is mounted. Extending partially around the forward face of the member 43 is an annular groove or recess 52 similar to the groove 39 and communicating with the groove 49 through a slot or groove 53. Also communicating with the bore 44 and extending completely around the rear face of the member 41 is an annular groove or recess 51. A piston controlled passage 52 connects this groove with the cylinder bore and communicates with the cylinder bore through a port Free exhaust ports 54 and 55 controlled by the hammer piston alternate- 1y connect the opposite ends of the cylinder bore directly to atmosphere, the port 55 being disposed in the cylinder bore diametrically opposite from the port 37 while the port 54 is diametrically opposite from the port 53 The operation of the improved pressure fluid motor will be clearly apparent from the description given. When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, pressure fluid flows from the supply chamber 34 through passages 35 and 37, groove 38 and bore 31, past the forward face of the valve 32 and through passage 33, to the rear end of the cylinder bore. The front valve 45 is at that time seated against the front face of the member 43, closing the passage 47, and the front end of the cylinder bore is then open to exhaust through the free exhaust port 55. The pressure fluid flowing to the rear end of the cyl inder bore acts on the rear pressure area of the hammer piston, causing the latter to move forwardly to effect its working stroke, in this instance to deliver a blow on the shank of the drill steel. When the rear end of the piston overruns the free exhaust port 54, the pressure fluid in the rear end of the cylinder bore suddenly drops, causing the pressure in the groove 36 acting on the outer edge of the rear valve face to throw the valve 32 forward to a seating position against the rear face of the plate 28 as shown in Fig. 2, thereby closing the passage 33,

cutting off the flow of fluid to the rear end of the ll-fj:

cylinder bore. At the same time the port 53 is uncovered by the piston, connecting the groove 51 at the forward side of the valve 45 directly to exhaust. As the hammer piston moves forward the free exhaust passage 55 is closed and a relatively high compression pressure is built up within the front end of the cylinder bore and this presure, supplemented by the constant pressure in the groove 52 acting on the rear face of the valve 45, throws the valve forward against the opposing exhausing pressure acting on the front valve face, and seats the valve against the rear face of the member 41 as shown in Fig. 2. The passage 47 is at that time open and pressure fluid flows through passage 48, groove 49, through the front end of the cylinder bore to suddenly drop. The pressure acting on the forward face of the valve 45 then throws the valve rearward to the position shown in Fig. 1, cutting off the flow through the passage 47 to the front end of the cylinder bore. At the same time the port 3'7 is uncovered by the piston, connecting the groove The rear 7 i 35 at the rear side of the valve 32 directly to exhaust. As the hammer piston moves rearward it overruns the free exhaust port 54, closing the exhaust for the rear end of the cylinder bore and upon continued rearward movement of the piston a relatively high compression pressure is built up within the rear end of the cylinder bore. This compression pressure, supplemented by the constant pressure in the groove 89 acting on the forward face of the valve 32, overcomes the ex hausting pressure acting on the rear face of the valve, throwing the valve rearward from the position shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig.

1, and pressure fluid then again flows to the rear As a result of this invention an improved pressure fluid motor is provided having separate and-distinct fluid controlling and distribution means for each end of the cylinder bore, thereby increasing the power and efficiency of the motor. It will further be noted that by providing separate and distinct valve mechanisms for" the opposite ends of the motor cylinder it is possible to obtain direct flow of pressure fluid from the valve mechanism to the motor cylinder. It will still further be evident that by providing separate valve mechanisms of the annular plate or disc type and by arranging the valve mechanism in the manner disclosed, the motor is rendered extremely compact both laterally and longitudinally. These and other uses and advantages of the improved pressure fluid motor will be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art.

While there is in this application specifically described one embodiment which this invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that this form of the same is shown for purposes of illustration and that the invention may be modified and embodied in various other forms without departing from its spirit or the scope of the appended claims.

. What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

' lfln a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocabletherein, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation or" said piston 40- including separate and distinct valve mechanisms one individual to each end of the cylinder, each of said valve mechanisms including a reciprocable' fluid distributing valve for controlling the flow oi pressure fluid to its respective end of Cal the cylinder, each of said valves having oppositely facing pressure areas, means for connect,- ing one pressure area of each of said valves to inlet pressure to throw valve to closed positicn, means for subjecting an oppositely facing pressure area on each of said valves to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston to effect opening of the valve, and piston controlled passage means one individual to each .valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valves of said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

'2. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution r eiiecting reciprocation of said piston including a separate and distinct compression pressure opened, line pressure closed valve mechanism disposed outside said cylinder but alined with the motor axis for controlling the flow of pressure fluid to each end of the motor cylinder, passage means for subjecting the pressure areas on the valve mechanisms to compression pres-.

including a separate and distinct valve mechanism alined with the motor axis for'controlling the fiow'of pressure fluid to each end of the motor cylinder, said valve mechanisms being arranged at the opposite ends of the motor cylinder and outside the'limits of piston travel, and passage means" for subjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including a piston controlled passage one individual to each valve mechanism for effecting throwing of. the valves of said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another p 4. In a'pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for eflecting reciprocation of said piston including a separate and distinct valve mechanism including a reciprocable fluid distributing valve for controlling the flow or pressure fluid to each endof the motor cylinder, means for subjecting one pressure area on each valve'to compression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston to open the valve, means for subjecting an oppositely facing pressure area to line pressure to bias said valve when open towards closed position, and means forintermittently reducing.

the pressure acting on said last mentioned area.

5. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston 6. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for eliectingreciprocation of said piston including a separate'and distinct valve mechanism of the annular plate valve type for controlling flow of pressure fluid toeach end of the motor cylinder, and passage means for subjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including piston controlled passages one individual to each-valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valves of said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another, and piston controlled exhaust means for each end of the motor cylinder.

. 7. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution 5 means for eiiecting' reciprocation of said piston including a separateand distinct valve mechanism for controlling fluid flow to each end of the motor cylinder, said valve mechanisms each including a controlling valve having opposed pressure areas, means including a passageindependent of the other valve for sub'ecting one of said pressure areas on each valve alternatively to line pressure and a lesser pressure, and means for subjecting the other, opposite, pressure area thereon to compression pressure built up in the motor ton reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for eiiecting reciprocation of said piston including a separate'and distinct valve 'mecha-.

area alternatively to line pressure and a lesser pressure, means for subjecting a portion of the other pressure area to compression pressure built up in the motor cylinder by the hammer piston to open said valve, and means for subjecting a portion of said last mentioned pressure area constantly to a pressure in excess of exhaust pressure.

9. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocable therein and having a forward projecting striking bar adapted to percussively actuate a drill steel, drill steel rotation mechanism including a forward projecting rifle bar cooperating with the rear end of the hammer piston, and fluid distribution means for efiecting piston reciprocation including separate wholly fluid actuated valve mechanisms for controlling fluid flow to the opposite ends of the motor cylinder, one valve mechanism being arranged coaxially with said rifle bar at the rear end of the motor cylinder and the other valve mechanism being arranged coaxially with the piston striking bar at the other end of the motor cylinder, and passage means for subjecting the'valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including piston controlled passages one individual to each valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valves of said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

10. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocable therein and having a forward projecting striking bar adapted to percussively actuate a drill steel, drill steel rotation mechanism including a ratchet and pawl mechanism having a forward projecting rifle bar cooperating with the rear end of the hammer piston, and fluid distribution means for efiecting piston reciprocation including a separate and distinct wholly fluid actuated valve mechanism for controlling the fluid flow to each end of the motor cylinder, one valve mechanism surrounding the rifle bar of said rotation mechanism while theother valve mechanism surrounds the piston striking bar, and passage means for subjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including piston controlled passages one individual to each valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valves of said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

11. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocable therein and having a forward projecting striking bar adapted to'percussively actuate a drill steel, drill steel rotation mechanism including a ratchet and pawl mechanism having a forward projecting rifle bar cooperating with the rear end of the hammer piston, and fluid distribution means for effecting piston reciprocation including a separate and distinct wholly fluid actuated valve mechanism for controlling fluid flow to each. end of the motor cylinder, each of said valve mechanisms including an annular valve, one annular valve surrounding the rifle bar of said rotation mechanism while the other annular valve surrounds the piston striking bar, and passage means for subjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including a piston controlledpassage individual to each valve mechanism for eifecting throwing of the valve thereof from one operating position to another.

12. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocable therein and having a forward projecting striking bar adapted to percussively actuate a drill s eel, drill steel rotation mechanism including a ratchetand pawl mechanism having a forward projecting rifle bar cooperating with the rear end of the hammer piston, and fluid distribution means for effecting piston reciprocation including a separate and distinct wholly fluid actuated valve mechanism for controlling fluid flow to each end of the motor cylinder and each including a reciprocable annular plate valve, one plate valve surrounding the rifle bar of said rotation mechanism while the other plate valve surrounds the piston striking bar, and passage means for subjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including a piston controlled passage individual to each valve mechanism for eifecting throwing of the valve thereof from one operating position to another.

13. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for efiecting reciprocation of said piston including a separate and distinct valve mechanism of the annular plate valve type arranged coaxially with said cylinder at each end of the latter for controlling flow of. pressure fluid to each end of the motor cylinder, and piston controlled passageineans one individual to each valve mechanism for eflecting throwing of the valves of said 100 valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

14. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston 105 including a separate and distinct valve mechanism of the annular plate valve type arranged coaxially with said cylinder at each end of the latter for controlling flow of pressure fluid to each end of the motor cylinder, piston controlled 10 exhaust means for each end of the motor cylinder, and piston controlled passage means one individual to each valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valves of said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

15. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, at piston 'reciprccable therein, said piston having a forwardly projecting striking bar, piston rotation means including a ratchet and pawl mechanism arranged at the rear of the cylinder and having 120 a rifle bar projecting within the rear end of the piston, and fluid distribution means for iiecting reciprocation of said piston including a separate and distinct valve mechanism of the annular plate valve type arranged coaxially with said cylinder at each end of the latter, one valve arranged at the rear end of said cylinder and surrounding said rifle bar and the other valve arranged at the forward end of said cylinder and surrounding said piston striking bar, passage means controlled by said valves, respectively, for conducting pressure fluid to the opposite ends of the motorv cylinder, the passage means controlled by one valve leading to one end of the cylinder and the passage means controlled by the other valve lead ing to the opposite end of said cylinder, and pas.- sage means controlled by said piston and one individual to each valve mechanism for eflecting throwing of the valves of aid valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

16. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, said piston having a annular plate valve type arranged coaxially with said cylinder at each end of the latter, one valve arranged at the rear end of said cylinder and surrounding said rifle bar and the other valve arranged at the forward end of said cylinder and surrounding said piston striking bar, passage means controlled by said valves, respectively, for conducting pressure fluid to the opposite ends of the motor cylinder, the passage means controlled by one valve leading to one end of the CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,929,445. October 10, 1933.

CHARLES F. OSGOOD.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 39, after "controlled" insert the word thereby; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 30th day of October, A. D. 1934.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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