US1929157A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 3, 1933. c R WALLER I 1,929,157

TURBINE Filed Aug. 24, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l C E. a// v 0/ War I UN T" AT $1, P TE FFI-C f.

V TURBINE can 1R. Waller, Trenton, N. ;'J.',' assignor to De, 7 val Steam Turbine Company, Trenton, N. J., j a corporation of New Jersey f i 1 Application Augustin, 1932;. SeriallN'o. 630,167 v J a "9 cam -(c a s) This invention relates" to a turbine and has Fig. 2 is a plan'view with certain parts broken particularreferenc'e to means whereby a turbine away showing the improved devices; and) may beefilciently operatedat different speeds, Fig. 3*is an elevation of the-same partly in thechange fromone speed to another being section. 5 effected by remote control. The casing of theturbine is indicated a112, this A connection with equipment furnished for turbine; in the present instance, being of a con- 'water gas plants, it is quite essential to be able ventional' singlestage typ'e, although it will be tocontrol thevturbine driving the air compressor obvious that the invention is applicable to other fromthegas 'inachine. When makinggas the types of-turbines. The-:ro'tor of the turbine is g i m blowerequipinent-is operated for a certain numindicated at 4,, this rotor carrying buckets" 6 l ber 01' minutes until, the gas machine is which: receive steam from the main nozzles 8 charged, after which the blower equipment o'ne'of which isshown: Steam is 'supplied to'the musthe instantaneously shut-down andlrept at nozzles 8 from the'steam chest 10, the admission idling speed for a hired number of minu'tes'after of steam"-to' which is controlled by a valve "12 15 which time it is again brought upto full speed. located between the steam chest and the supply Heretofore this control-oi the blower-equipment passages 14. The valve 12 is carried by a spindle "1 wasgenerally obtained by openingand closing 16"and is normally urged .outw'ardlyby a spring a the steam vammvn es, admitting steam to '18 reacting between a portion or the frame and the turbine. To accomplish this, varying types a collar carried by the outer end of the spindle.'

- 2 of eqliipm'ent have been used} Themostcom- The depending arm of the bell crank 20' engages 'mo'n "arrangement'has'been a hydraulic system a collar22 onthe valve spindle 16,'this bell crank j that'isso arrangedthat'when certainevalves on being controlled through-a vertical link 24 and the gas machine are being operated the operator a suitable lever by'the upwardly: projecting rod canalsosimultaneously, by means ofa'hydraulic p26 of -a conventional "governor mechanism lavalvefcaus'ethe flowof'steam to the turbine to jcated within the housing 28,'this governor mechbe changed. Thljs'particular system, however, 'isanism beingdriven from the turbine shaft. .If Q rather expensive as it entails 'a lot of piping and the speed: of the turbine increases beyondi'a prerelatively elaborate control mechanism, One determined amount the plunger 26rises causing "system of this general type is illustrated in my the bellcrank 20 to' swing in 'a clockwise direc- :Dl'iO! patent, 1,837,382, dated-December 22,1931. tion asviewed in Fig. land move'the valve 12 It is also found that in-this type of machinery towar'clsits closed position to throttle orv com- 1 itds-quite important that the "idling speed is pletely cut of! the entry'of steamlto the steam maintained so that the machine can bebrought chest '10. The par'tsso far describedarequite tofull s'pad without time lagf Thelexact conventional in thecontrol Officilli'billfl OfjhiS amoiuntof idling speed depends somewhat on the character. A suitable blower-is. directly: con arrangement of the piping between the blower nected to the turbine shaftain cases-when the and the gas machine, the idling" speed being turbine .is used in water'gas plants. A-suitable always necessarily such as "to prevent the gas :hand valve which is not shown is provided in;.the "from-flowing back through the blower. a main steam line to control the entryof steam'. "For the more eflicient operation oi a turbine, to the passages 14 about the valve-12. 9

it is desirable that instead of. operating the main r I The nozzles 8 forming the main series will drive set of nozzlesunder'reduced flow of steam it is the' turbine at itsfull speed, the nozzles being better to operate a'single nozzle with a full flow designed to operate efliciently when the proper of steam sothat while the nozzle 'works at full. flow for accomplishing this takes place; In addiefiiciency a lowerspeed of operation of the rotor tion to the main .set of nozzles there is provided .is attained. 1 p in the. present, instance an, auxiliary nozzle .30 The objects of theinvention relate to the which is designed to drive the rotonatia'suitable avoidance or difliculties and the attainment of idling speed when the proper flow therethrough the desirable; results indicated above. -.Specific, takes place. The nozzle 30 is not suppliedwith' objects of the invention-relating primarily to steam from the chest 10 but receives its supply detailsof construction willbe apparent from the through a pipe-line 32 whichcommunicateswith following specification read in conjunction with the passages 14' aboutthe valve 12yas indicated the accompanying drawings inwhichc i= at 34,111; will be obvious from'thisthat thefiow V Fig. l'is an elevation partly in section showing of steam to the auxiliary nozzltis independent 7 various parts of the steam controlling elements of the valve 12. In the line 32 there is located of the turbine; t avalve36 which'maybeof aplug type, thevalve element being operated through the medium of a lever 38 which has a suitable pin and slot connection with a lever 40 pivoted at 42 to the frame.

The short end of the lever- 40 indicated at 44 engages a collar 46 carried by'the valve spindle 16, the engagement beingsuch that the lever 40 may move in such direction as to close the valve without, however, interfering with its independent closure under theaction of the governor mechanism.

The opposite end of lever 40 indicated at 48"is bifurcated and engages within an opening ina block 50 which is slidableon a screw 52, journalled in the frame. A nut 51 suitably guided to prevent its rotation is threaded on the screw 52 and there is interposed between this nut'51 and the block 50 a compression spring 53. The screw 52 isdriven through suitable reduction gearing contained in the housing 54 by a motor 56, the

motor being of reversible type. By reason of this'arrangement it will be seen that as the motor operates the nut 51 will be driven either outwardly blower. ,-'I'hese connections 'are such that aninor inwardly as determined by the directionof rotation. In moving outwardly it forces theblock inthe same direction, through the medium of spring 53, compressing the spring 18 and causing a closure of the valve 12; In moving in --'the reversedirection the block 50 is-released and accordingly theyalve12 will open under the action of the spring 18 jto a degree determined by; the

governor mechanism. The block 50 carries electrical contact member-s58 and 60 engaging suit- .able conductingand insulating sections as indicated at .62, The switch mechanisms thus provided act to limitthe movement of the motor by cuttingoff' the current automatically as the nut 51 approaches its limiting positions.

The usual, conventional electrical controlling devices for the motor are provided at the location of the gas machine so that the operator, may from this remote point control the operation of the stantaneous' operation of the motor in'either diturbines it willbe obvious that the nozzle 30 may be replaced by a pluralityof nozzles. to maintain the'necessary speed to avoidreverse flow of gas.

What Iclaim and desire to protectbyLetters Patentis:-

1. A" turbine including a rotor provided with buckets, primary nozzles for. delivering fluid'to the buckets to drive the rotor during normal operation yalve means controlling the flow of fluid to the' primary nozzles,speed governing mechanism controlling said valve'means/at least one secondary nozzle for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor at idling speeds, valve means controlling flow of fluid to the'secondary nozzle, said last named valve means being independent of the governor control and means for simultaneousiy controlling both valve means whereby the buckets, primary nozzles for delivering fluid to primary and secondarynozzles may be rendered alternately effective to drive the rotor.

2. A turbine including a rotor provided with the buckets to drive the rotor during normal "operation, valve means controlling the flow of fluid to the primary nozzles, speed governing mechanism controllingsaid valve means, at least one secondary nozzle for delivering fluid to the bucketsto drive the rotor at idling speeds, valve means controlling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle, said last named valve means being independent of the governor control and means for simultaneously controlling both valve means whereby'the primary and secondary nozzles may be rendered alternately effective to drive the rotor,

said changes ofwno zzles being efiected without 'stoppingloi the rotor.

7 3. Aturbine including a rotor provided with buckets, primary nozzles for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor during normal operation, valve means'controlling the flow of fluid to the primary nozzles, speed governing mechanism controlling said valve means, at least one secondary nozzle for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor at idling speeds, valvemeans controlling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle,

said last named valve meansbeing independent of the governor control and means for simultaneously controlling both valve means whereby the primary and secondary nozzles may be rendered alternately effective to drive the-rotor, said last 7 .means consisting'ot elements controlled by a.-.re-

versible motor V, H

A. 'A turbine including arotor provided with buckets, primary nozzles for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor during normal operation, valve means controlling the flow of-fluid to the primary nozzles, speed governing mechanism controlling said-.valve means; at least one secondarynozzle for delivering fluid to thebuckets to drive the rotor at idling speeds, valve means of the governor controL'and means for simultaneouslycontrolling both.valve means whereby the primary and secondary nozzles may be tencontrolling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle,

said lastnamed valve .means being, independent H5 dered alternately efiectiveto drive the rotor,said A last means operating independently of the governing mechanism. v. Y 5. A turbineyincludinga rotor providedwith buckets,. primary nozzles for delivering fluid to thebuckets to drivethe rotor during normal op-.

eration, valve means controlling the flow of fluid to the primary nozzles, speed governing mechanismcontrolling said valve means, at 'least one secondarynozzle for delivering fluid tothe buckets 'tQdriVe-the rotorat idling speeds, valve means, controlling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle,

said last named valve means being independent ,of the governor control, and means for simultaneously controllingboth valve meanswhereby the. primary and secondary'nozzles maybe rendered alternatelyeifective to drive thelrotor, said governing mechanism being effective to control the first valve means during periods when the primary nozzlesare rendered eiiective by the last named controlling means.

6. A turbine including a rotor provided with buckets, primary nozzles for delivering fluid to thebuckets to drive the'rotor during normal operation, valve means controlling the flow of fluid to the primar'y'nozzles, speed governing mechanism controlling said valvemeans, at least one secondary nozzle for deliveringfluid to the buckets I to drive the rotor at idling speeds, valve means controlling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle,

'said'last named valve means being independent of the governor control, and means for simultaneously controlling both valve means whereby.

buckets, primary nozzles for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor during normal operation, primary valve means controlling the flow of fluid to the primary nozzles, a spring urg-' ing said valve means towards open position, speed governing mechanism operative to move the valvemeans towards closed position against the effort of said spring, at least one secondary nozzle for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor at idling speeds, secondary valve means controlling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle, said last named valve means being independent of the governor control, and means for simultaneously controlling both valve means whereby the primary and secondary nozzles may be rendered alternately effective to drive the rotor, said last means including a member operative to move the primary valve means towards closed position against the effort of said spring and connections between the member and the secondary valve means, said member and speed governing mechanism being operative to move the primary valve means towards closed position independently of each other.

8. A turbine including a rotor'provided with buckets, primary nozzles for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor during normal operation, primary valve means controlling the flow of fluid to the primary nozzles, a spring urging said valve means towards-open position, speed governing mechanism operative to move the valve means towards closed position against the efiort of said spring, at least one secondary nozzle for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor at idling speeds, secondary valve means controlling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle, said last named valve means being independent of the governor control, and means for simultaneously controlling both valve means whereby the primary and secondary nozzles may be rendered alternately efiective to drive the rotor, said last means including a member driven by a reversible motor operative to move the primary valve means towards closed position against the effort of said spring and connections between the member and the secondary valve means, said member and speed governing mechanism being operative to move the primary valve means towards closed position independently of each other.

9. A turbine including a rotor provided with buckets, primary nozzles for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor during normal operation, primary valve means controlling the flow of fluid to the primary nozzles, a spring urging said valve means towards open position, speed governing mechanism operative to move the valve means towards closed position against the effort of said spring, at least one secondary nozzle for delivering fluid to the buckets to drive the rotor at idling speeds, secondary valve means controlling flow of fluid to the secondary nozzle, said last named valve means being independent of the governor control, and means for simultaneously controlling both valve means whereby the primary and secondary nozzles may be rendered alternately efiective to drive the rotor, said last means including a member driven by a reversible motor whose motions in both directions are automatically limited and operative to

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