US1927207A - Pulverizing or crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 19, 1933. E. E. ELZEMEYER ET AL 3 PULVERIZING OR CRUSHING MACHINE Filed Nov. 10, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ill W IN MAE/V702 Edwin E. E/zemger, Hen/- C 677525642266 & K M

T fa /84E Y fiept. 19, 1933 E. E. ELZEMEYER ET AL 1,927,297

I FULVERIZING OR CRUSHING MACHINE IN VE/V T025 fa w/h f. f/ze In -yer,

A 7 OENEY Patented Sept. 19, 1933 Utu'rso s'rArss 1,927,207 7 PULVERIZING- on CRUSHING MACHINE Edwin E. Elzemeyer and Henry G. Griescdieck, Webster Groves, Mo, assignors to American liuiverizer Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Missouri Application November 10, 1930 Serial No. 494,660

4 Claims.

This invention relates generally to pulverizing or crushing machines and, more particularly, to

a certain new and useful improvement in such machines of the rotary hammer type.

Our invention has for its chief objects the provision in a machine of the type stated of a grinding surface laterally shiftable relatively to the hammer mechanism; the provision in such a machine of an adju stably suspended or floating grinding surface adapted to be shifted both longitudinally and laterally relatively to the crushing elements of the machine; the provision in such a machine of a grinding surface shiftable for providing at will a rolling, crushing, or attritive action at one point of thegrinding surface and a striking, crushing, or impactive action at another point thereof; the provision in suchfa machine of a grinding surface readily shiftable relatively to the hammer mechanism while the machine is in operation; the provision in such a machine of a grinding surface adjustably shiftable independently at its ends relatively to the hammer mechanism; the provision in such a machine of a grinding surface adapted to be dropped quickly and wholly away from the hammer mechanism for effectively relieving the machine of obstructions, such as uncrushable material or the like; the provision in such a machine of a closure between the shiftable grinding surface and the side Walls of the machine; and to generally improve the construction of machines of the type described.

And with the above and other objects in View, our invention resides in the novel features of form, construction, arrangement, and combination of parts hereinafterdescribed and pointed out in the claims. 1

In the accompanying drawings (two sheets) Figure 1 is a rear end elevational view, partlyin vertical transverse section, of a pulverizing or crushing machine embodying our invention;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the machine; and

Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the machine, illustrating themanipulative mechanism for adjusting the grinding surfaces of the machine, other parts being omitted. Referring now more in detail and by reference characters to the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of our invention, the machine briefiy includes a casingA, a main shaft B rotatable in the casing A, a hammer-mechanism C rotatable with the shaft B, a breaker-plate D, a grinding plate E forming substantially a continuation of the breaker-plate D and shiftable to- '3, the shaft B carries (Clo 83'11) wards and away from thehammer-mechanism C, a floating concave or cradle F supporting a grinding grate or screen 63- forming a continuation of the plate and shiftablelongitudinally of the machine both towards and away from and also transversely to the axis of the hammermechanism 0, an adjustable closure H between the grinding surfaces E, G, and the side walls of the casing A, and an adjustable closure K'between the end of the surface G and the front 5 wall of a trap-pocket L, all as-will more particularly hereinafter appear.

The casing A. is pref rably horizontally divided and includes a lower or bottom section having a front wall 1, a rear wall 2, and side walls 3, suitably conjoined or connected to form a rigid structure, the side walls 3,4, being provided interiorly with the usual attached liners 4'. Flanges 5 extending laterally from the walls 3, 4, are adapted to engage a foundation, floor, or other supporting surface for the machine.

Mounted upon and suitably secured to the bottom section of the casing A, is a top section including a front Wall 6, a rear wall 7, and side walls 8, 9, also suitably rigidly conjoined, the side walls 8, 9, likewise having the usual interi orly attached liners S. The top section is also provided with a rear. flat top or, cover section 10, and an endwise closed central rounded or arcuate top or cover section 11, the'covers 10, 11, each having interiorly attached liners 10' and 11', respectively. Between the forward margin of the top-section 11 and the front wall 6, is provided a feed opening orhopper 12.

The main-shaft 301 the machine is mounted for rotation in the casing A through suitable dust-retaining boxes 13 each attached to and conjoining the corresponding pairs of upper and lower side walls 3, l, and 8, 9, respectively, of the casing A, as best seen in Figure l. The shaft B is journaled at its opposite ends in suitable outer bearings 14 adjustahly supported on brackets 15 outstanding from therespective lower side walls 3, 4, the brackets 15 being provided with flanges 16 for engaging the foundation or sup porting structure. At one end, adjacent the wall a fly-wheel 17, and at its other end the shaft 36 carries a coupling 18 for driving connection with a suitable prime-mover or electric motor 19. Threadedly engagingthe shaft Band each disposed interiorly adjacent one of the respective side walls 3, 4, are opposing jam-nuts 20, and substantially extending transversely of the machine between the jam nuts 1 10 20 on the shaft B is a longitudinal key 21, for a purpose soon appearing.

The hammer mechanism C comprises a group or series of abutting body-members or hubs 22 each shiftably or adjustably mounted on the shaft B and suitably for rotation therewith engaging the key 21. Preferably integrally formed with each hub 22, is a pair of axially offset radially presented vanes or segmental arms 23 each in thickness narrower than the hub-body proper. We prefer to arrange the hubs 22 on the shaft B in such manner as to space each vane 23 on one hub 22 from the like vanes 23 on the adjacent hubs 22, thus providing diametrically opposing longitudinal rows or series of vanes 23 on the shaft B, the vanes in one row, it will be seen, hence alternating with the vanes in the row on the opposite side of the shaft B. At each end of the group of vanes 23, is a disc 24 provided with a lateral rim or flange 25, for a purpose soon appearing, and having likewise a central hub 26 mounted on the shaft B and for rotation therewith also suitably engaging the key 21. The hubs 26 of the discs 24 respectively abutting the adjacent end ones of the group or series of hubs 22, the entire group of hubs 22, 26, is clamped together in suitably adjusted position on the shaft B" by means of the opposing jam-nuts 20.

27 designates hammer-supports or rods, of which, While six are here shown, there may be any desired number, circumferentially equally spaced in an annular series concentrically about, and for revolution with, the shaft B, and for such purpose are mounted in opposing groups in the respective series of vanes 23. that is, three of the rods 27 extend from end to end through one series of vanes 23, and the other three rods 2'7 extend from end to end through the opposite series of vanes 23, all the rods 27 being extended at their opposite ends into, and by cotters 28 secured to, the flanges 25 of the respective end discs 24.

Each rod 27 supports, between alternate pairs of vanes 23, a so-called ring-grinder 29, that is, an annular crushing element or hammer having a peripherally smooth grinding or crushing surface, and, between intervening pairs of vanes 23, each rod 27 supports a so-called ring-shredder 30, that is, an annular crushing element or hammer having a peripherally interrupted grinding surface preferably for the purpose provided with a circumferential groove 31 whose walls are alternately peripherally notched, as at 32. We might add that one terminal vane 23 of each series is spaced sufficiently from the adjacent end-disc 24 to also accommodate therebetween a hammer 29 or 30, as the case may be.

Each of the rings 29, 30, is bored to a diameter substantially greater than that of its supporting rod 27 in such manner that the rings 29, 30, are not only rotatable on the rod 27 but are each both rotatable'with, and shiftable towards and from the shaft B. While preferably the outside diameter of the grinder-ring 29 is smaller than that of the shredder-ring 30, the bore of the latter is correspondingly smaller than that of the grinderring 29, hence the rings 29, 30, when in fully radially extended position are peripherally equally distant from the shaft B.

And as best seen in Figures 1 and 2, preferably the grinders 29 and shredders 30 are successively inversely arranged on the annular series of rods 27, in such manner that each part of the grinding surfaces E, F, is adequately and efficiently subjected to a combined grinding and shredding ac io during the operation of the machine.

The front wall 6 of the upper casing-section is provided with a top flange or laterally projecting wall 33 bounding the front side of the feed opening 12, and vertically spaced from the wall 33 is a lower transverse wall 34 laterally inwardly projecting from the wall 6 under and beyond the wall 33. Resting on the similarly beveled inner faces of the walls 33, 34, is the breaker-plate D, which is hence inclined downwardly and inwardly toward the hammer-mechanism C, and extends substantially between the side walls 8, 9, of the casing A. From the front or outer side of the plate D, projects a lug 35 apertured to receive a bolt 36, which, passed through the adjacent casing-wall 6, serves to separably support the break er-plate D against the oblique ends of the walls 33, 34.

At its lower side corners, the plate D rests also on respective opposing bosses 37 inwardly projecting from the lower side-walls 3, 4, and preferably the upper and lower margins of the plate D are beveled to be substantially horizontal when the plate is mounted in the machine. We might add that, for strength and wearing qualities, the plate D is thicker at its bottom than at its top, and its front and rear faces are preferably plane, although obviously the front face thereof may be corrugated or otherwise suitably deformed for increasing the efficiency of the breaker plate in its intended functions.

The bosses 37 are bored to receive correspond ing pivots 38 endwise presented from the upper side corners of the arcuate grinding plate E, which extends substantially between the side walls 3, 4, for swingable actuation therebetween. Preferably the upper margin of the plate E is disposed substantially under, and hence more or less masked by, the lower edge of the breaker-plate D, of which the plate E forms a swingably adjustable continuation.

At its pivot point, the plate E is preferably spaced in throat-like manner from the peripheral path of the hammer-mechanism C, but is adapted at its swingable end to be shifted toward or from said hammers for varying the co-operable grinding action therebetween. And for such purpose the outer side of the plate E is provided with projecting longitudinally spaced yokes 39 having aligned shaft-receptive elongated slots 40, in and through which is shiftably mounted an eccentric bar or shaft 41. The shaft 41 extends between the side walls 3, 4; and for circular or axial oscillation in the casing A and corresponding actuative reciprocation in said slots 40, the shaft 41 is at its opposite ends eccentrically mounted and journaled in opposing discs or bushings 42 mounted for rotation respectively in and through the respective side walls 3, 4. Each bushing 42 concentrically carries a gear 43 exteriorly or outwardly presented from the side walls 3, 4, said gears engaging, for simultaneous actuation thereby, respective pinions 44 mounted at the opposite ends of a shaft 45 journaled in and through the respective walls 3, 4. A hand wheel 46 is conveniently mounted on the end of the shaft 45 eX- teriorly of the wall 3 for manipulation of the shaft 45 with the corresponding rotation of the bushings 42 for circularly or axially shifting the bar 41 and effecting, in co-operation with the yokes 39, swingable actuation of the plate E. We might add that preferably the yoke-engaging portions of the shaft 41 are of rectangular cross-section, as best seen in Figure 2, but obviously the shaft 41 may be of circular section throughout, if desired.

Somewhat below and rearwardly of the bushings i2, is another pair of opposing bushings 47 mounted for rotation in and through the respective side-walls 3, 4. Each bushing 47 carries an exteriorly presented gear 48, said gears engaging, for simultaneous actuation thereby, respective pinions 49 mounted at the opposite ends of a shaft 50 journaled in and through the respective walls 3, 4. A hand wheel 51 is conveniently mounted on the end of the shaft 50 exteriorly the wall 3 for manipulation of the shaft 50 with corresponding rotation of the bushings 47 for a purpose soon appearing.

The cradle F includes a shiftable fulcrum or shaft 52 extending between the side walls 3, 4, and having its opposite ends eccentrically mounted in, and for axial oscillatory actuation by, the bushings 47. The shaft 52 previously supports the respective forward, suitably apertured, ends of a pair of transversely-spaced cradle-beams 53 of inverted L-shaped cross-section, each extending substantially from front to rear of the casing A adjacent a side wall 3 or 4 thereof, as the case may be. The beams 53 are suitably structurally connected by end and intermediate transverse stiffening members or spacer- bars 54, 55, respectively, as best seen in Figure 2. The outstanding legs 53' of the beams 53 are longitudinally arcuately curved, forming a seat for the grate G, as will soon appear, said seat extending under, and to the rear of, the hammer mechanism C. i

At their rear ends, the beams 53 are suspended for oscillation on respective chains 56, each attached, as at 56a, to arms 53a presented for the purpose rearwardly from the respective beams 53. And for swingable cradle-elevating-or-lowering actuation thereof, each chain 56 is trained over one of a pair of sprockets 57 mounted on a shaft 58, said shaft 53 preferably being extended between, and journaled at its opposite ends in, the respective side walls 3, 4.

The shaft 58 further extends at an end through the wall 3 and exteriorly thereof carries a gear 59 for meshing with a pinion 60 mounted rotarily on a stub-shaft 61 presented for the purpose from the side-wall 8. A hand wheel 62 is conveniently, for manipulation thereof, attachedto the pinionSG, and a latch or pawl 63, pivoted pref erably on the stub-shaft 61, releasably engages a tooth on the gear 59 for preventing accidental movement of the shaft 58.

Under normal operating conditions, the slack portions of the chains 56 form pendent loops between the sprockets 5'7 and the rear wall 2 of the casing, to which the free ends of the chains are for safety attached eye-bolts 64, as best seen in Figure 2.

Extending from the end of the plate E substantially under, and around the rear quarter of, the hammer mechanism C, is the'cylindro-segmental apertured grinding surface or grate G, supported by the cradle F for shiftable adjustable co-operation. with the hammer mechanism C. The grate G engages its side margins with the flanges 53 of the cradle beams 53, and has an end adjacent to and hence substantially forming a continuation of the grinding surface E, the grate G being disposed suhstanti in radial alignment with the center of the it 52, whereby the grate G may freely swing relatively to said shaft without interfering with the hammer-mechanism C, as will later appear.

The grate G is detachably retained on and secured to the cradle F by and closure is effected between the sides of the grate G and the side walls 3,4, of the casing A through the medium of, respective ones of a series of substantially endwise abutting arcuate or segmental liners H, H, varying in length only, and each comprising preferably a base wall 66 resting on, and for support by, the adjacent side margin of the cradle F, and a reclined wall 6'7 laterally extending from and conjoined to the inner edge of the base 66 for substantially at its upper end slidably enga ing the side wall liners 4f.

Bolts 68, passing through the respective flanges 53', are adapted to project through the grate G for engagement with and through respective transverse slots 69 provided for the purpose in the bottom wall 66. The liners H, H, hence are shiftably adjustable toward and from the side walls 3, .4, of the casing A and serve also to hold thegrate G firmly on the cradle-beams 53, as best seen in Figure 1. And preferably, as shown in Figure 2, liners H, similar in form and function to the liners H, are for like purpose suitably attached to the respective side margins of the grinding-plate E.

At its rearwardly upcurved end, each beam 53 is provided with an upward facing flange 70 disposed substantially at the end of the grate G. Having a base wall 71 shiftably resting on and for support by the flanges '70 and structurally conmeeting the beams 53, is the transverse end closure K preferably of substantially L-shaped or angle cross-section and having, laterally extending from and conjoined to the inner edge of the base-wall 71, a wall 71 substantially tangent to the grate G. Bolts 72, passed through the respective flanges '70, engage slots 73 provided in the base-wall 71. for shiftable adjustment of the closure K on the cradleF.

Extending between the side walls 8,

9, and f disposed adjacent the rear end wall '7, of the upper section of the casing A, is the trough-like receptacle orv so-called trap-pocket L suitably spacedfrom the top wall 10 and having side walls '74 supported by suitable fastening elements 15 on the respective sidewalls 8, 9. The bottom wall 76 of the pocket L abuts and forwardly extends from the end wall '7 of the casing, and merges into an inner forwardly inclined relatively shallow end wall 7'7 having suitably attached on its hammer-opposing sidea liner 77, which is for material-retaining purposes adapted to be slidably engaged by the end of the wall 71 of the closure K, which, in turn, is correspondingly to the position of the grate G shift-ably adjustable l overcast from the grate F finds entrance to the pocket L through the elongated opening, as at 78, afforded between the casing top-wall l0 and the upper margin of the pocket wall 77, as best seen in Figure 2.

We might add that, for access to the pocket L, the adjacent end-wall '7 has an aperture 79 pro- .vided with a suitable closure 80. And likewise for access into the lower section of the casing A the] endwalls 1 and'2 thereof have respective apertures 81, each provided with a suitable closure 82.

In use and operation, the hammer mechanism C is usually rotated at a high speed to cause the hammers 29, 30, centrifugally to assume their extreme radially outward position. The manner of opposing the vanes 23, and the disposition of the hammers, 29, 30, thereon, serve, we might point out, to efficiently balance the rotative parts of the machine.

Material to be crushed, fed through the feedopening 12, impinges the breaker-plate D, where a preliminary reduction or breaking action takes place. The reduced material. passes into the throat between the hammers and the grinding plate E, where it is subjected to a crushing action merging into a more or less grinding action at the swingable end of the plate E. The co-operable grinding action between the plate E and hammer mechanism C may be readily varied while the machine is running, if desired, suitably to the requirements of the material being crushed, by correspondingly manipulating the hand-wheel 46. From the grinding plate E, the ground material passes to the grate G for final comminution and discharge from the machine.

The co-operable crushing, grinding or comminuting action between the grate G and the hammer mechanism C may also be readily and likewise widely varied, while the machine is running, if desired, by suitably for the purpose manipulating either or both of the hand- wheels 51, 62. Manipulation of the hand-wheel 51 serves, in the first instance, to circularly or axially. move the front end of the grate G toward, from, and transversely to the hammer mechanism C, the rear end of the grate hence oscillatorily swinging on the chains 56 for movement also transversely to the hammer mechanism C. Preferably this independent adjustment of the front end of the cradle F is employed for aligning the adjacent end of the grate F with the adjusted position of the swingable end of the plate E. And, in the second instance, manipulation of the hand wheel 62 serves by extending or retracting the chains 56 from their rotatable support 58 to correspondingly lower or elevate the rear end of the grate G away from or toward the hammer mechanism C, the cradle F fulcruming for such purpose on the shaft 52.

And, finally, it will be seen that by thus adjustably suspending each end of the cradle F, we provide a floating grinding surface G, which may, at will, by co-operative manipulation of the hand-wheels 51, 62', be shifted suitably to the requirements of the material to be comminuted for providing either a rolling, crushing, or attritive action between the grate and the hammer mechanism C, or a striking, crushing, or impactive action therebetween, or any desired combination of such several crushing actions. Thus the grate G may with certainty be most minutely and continuously adjusted for facilitating the efficient performance of its intended functions, in a highly adaptable, safe, convenient, and practical manner.

Moreover, the grate G, in addition to being thus shiftable for variant cooperation with the hammer mechanism C, may be wholly dropped th refrom both for convenient access to the hammer mechanism C from the underside of the machine and, more particularly, for safe-guarding the grinding parts of the machine from possible damage thereto, as by unloading or discharging from the grinding-chamber of the machine any uncrushable material, tramp-iron or the like, finding its way thereinto. And for such purpose it is usually only necessary to raise the pawl 63 from the gear 59, when the cradle F will, pivoting on the shaft 52, drop of its own weight for widely spacing the grate G from thehammermechanism 0 for emptying the grinding space of the machine of its contents. Should the closure K tend to hang up or be retained for any reason on the trap-pocket L, it may be loosened by suitable manipulation of the hand-wheel 51 for drawingthe cradle F forwardly in the machine. Ordinarily, however, the slope of the Wall 77 is such as to obviate this difficulty.

When so widely opened, the cradle F is suspended on the fully extended chains 55 supported now from the casing Wall 2 by means of the eye-bolts 64, and, since the chains 56 nevertheless continue to operatively engage the sprockets 5'7, control of the cradle F is retained in the hands of the operator, who is thus able, on suitably actuating the hand-wheel 62 for retracting the chains 56 from extended position, to return the grate F to its previous grinding position.

It will thus be seen that our invention fully and efficiently accomplishes its objects, and it is to be understood that changes and modifications in the form, construction, arrangement, and combination of the several parts of the machine may be made and substituted for those herein shown and described without departing from the nature and principle of our invention.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a machine of the class described, a casing, a rotary hammer mechanism within the easing, a breaker plate, and means for supporting the breaker-plate in oblique disposition relatively to and for cooperation with the hammer mechanism, said means including horizontally spaced rigid members fixed on the casing having beveled inwardly presented plate-engaging portions, and a fastening device engaging the plate and casing.

2. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a casing, a rotary hammer mechanism within the casing, a pair of horizontally spaced parallel walls laterally projecting from a wall of the casing, said walls being similarly beveled at their respective inner end and one of said walls laterally projecting inwardly of the casing beyond the other, a breaker plate resting on the beveled ends of said spaced walls in oblique disposition relatively to the hammer m chanism, and means for supporting the breaker plate on said Walls.

3. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a casing, a rotary hammer mechanism in the casing, a grinding-concave swingably shiftable in the casing, a trap-pocket in the cas ing adjacent an end of the grinding-concave, said pocket having an end wall disposed obliquely approximately tangent to an are about the fulcrum of the grinding-concave, and a closure wall on the grinding concave angularly disposed to and having endwise engaging co-operation with said pocket end Wall.

4. In a machine of the class describedin combination, a casing, a rotary hammer mechanism within the casing, a grinding concave swinga'ble in the casing, a trap-pocket in the casing adjacent an end of the grinding concave and having an end wall disposed obliquely approximately tangent to an are about the fulcrum of the grinding-concave, and a closure wall-member shiftably supported relatively to and with said end of the grinding-concave and angularly disposed to said pocket-wall for slidable engagement therewith.

EDWIN E. ELZEMEYER. HENRY C. GRIESEDIECK.

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