US1926132A - Manufacture of electrical rectifiers - Google Patents
Manufacture of electrical rectifiers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1926132A US1926132A US391986A US39198629A US1926132A US 1926132 A US1926132 A US 1926132A US 391986 A US391986 A US 391986A US 39198629 A US39198629 A US 39198629A US 1926132 A US1926132 A US 1926132A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- blank
- oxide
- manufacture
- treating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 19
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPPFTYBYPWHNRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-methylsulfanylphenyl)propan-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=C(SC)C=C1CC(C)N DPPFTYBYPWHNRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/16—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising cuprous oxide or cuprous iodide
- H01L21/161—Preparation of the foundation plate, preliminary treatment oxidation of the foundation plate, reduction treatment
- H01L21/165—Reduction of the copper oxide, treatment of the oxide layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/16—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising cuprous oxide or cuprous iodide
- H01L21/161—Preparation of the foundation plate, preliminary treatment oxidation of the foundation plate, reduction treatment
- H01L21/167—Application of a non-genetic conductive layer
Definitions
- One object of my invention is the provision of novel and improved means for producing metallic copper on the outer surface of the copper oxide in rectifiers of the type referred to.
- a copper blank is first treated to form cuprous oxide thereon. This may be done, forexample, by heating the blank in an oxygen atmosphere to a temperature of approximately 1000 centigrade.
- the treated blank is then placed in a nonaqueous electrolytic bath containing an inorganic salt to reduce the outer layer of the copper oxide to copper.
- an inorganic salt to reduce the outer layer of the copper oxide to copper.
- oneof the salts in this bath should be calcium chloride.
- it should contain chlorides of some of the alkaline metals of the first group in theperiodic table, such as chlorides of sodium or potassium either. singly or in combination.
- the addition of the latter salts has the effect of reducing the melting point of the mixture to such a value that it can be kept molten at the tempera- 3 ture that is desireddor quenching as hereinafter explained.
- a typical mixture that has been found suitable is the eutectic formed by mixing 66% of calcium chloride with 6% of potassium chloride and 28% of sodium chloride- This mixture melts at 504 C.
- the temperature of the electrolyte should be approximately 500 C. to 600 C.
- the treated blank, when in the electrolyte, should be in contact with a piece of metal having a higher potential than copper in the electromotive series; this metal may conveniently be a piece of iron.
- the iron then becomes the anode, and the oxidized blank becomes the cathode, the .circuit being completed through the electrolyte. No outside source of potential is required for this process. I have found that a time interval of approximately one minute is suflicient to form an adequate copper surface on the cuprous oxide.
- the purpose of producing the layer of copper on the outer surface of the copper oxide is,i of
- the electrolyte must be so chosen that it will function as a reducing agent at 500 to 600C.
- the process of producing a' rectifier unit which consists in treating a copper blank to form cuprous oxide thereon, and treating the oxidized bla in a non-aqueous electrolytic bath containa ing calcium chloride at a temperature of 500 C. to 600 C. to reduce the outer surface of the oxide to copper.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Description
Patented Sept. 12, 1933 MANUFACTURE or ELECTRICAL RECTIFIERS Donald G. Ackerly, Edgewood Borough, Pa., assignor to The Union Switch & Signal Company, Swissvale, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing.
Application September 11, 1929 Serial No. 391,986
'1 Claims. (01. 175-366) My invention relates to the manufacture of electrical rectifiers of the type; disclosed and claimed in Letters Patent of the United States,
No. 1,640,335, granted to L. 0. Grondahl on August 23-, 1927. I
One object of my invention is the provision of novel and improved means for producing metallic copper on the outer surface of the copper oxide in rectifiers of the type referred to.
I will describe one process embodying my invention, and will then'point out the novel features thereof in claims.
A copper blank is first treated to form cuprous oxide thereon. This may be done, forexample, by heating the blank in an oxygen atmosphere to a temperature of approximately 1000 centigrade.
The treated blank is then placed in a nonaqueous electrolytic bath containing an inorganic salt to reduce the outer layer of the copper oxide to copper. I have found that oneof the salts in this bath should be calcium chloride. In addition, it should contain chlorides of some of the alkaline metals of the first group in theperiodic table, such as chlorides of sodium or potassium either. singly or in combination. The addition of the latter salts has the effect of reducing the melting point of the mixture to such a value that it can be kept molten at the tempera- 3 ture that is desireddor quenching as hereinafter explained. A typical mixture that has been found suitableis the eutectic formed by mixing 66% of calcium chloride with 6% of potassium chloride and 28% of sodium chloride- This mixture melts at 504 C. The temperature of the electrolyte should be approximately 500 C. to 600 C. The treated blank, when in the electrolyte, should be in contact with a piece of metal having a higher potential than copper in the electromotive series; this metal may conveniently be a piece of iron. The iron then becomes the anode, and the oxidized blank becomes the cathode, the .circuit being completed through the electrolyte. No outside source of potential is required for this process. I have found that a time interval of approximately one minute is suflicient to form an adequate copper surface on the cuprous oxide.
The purpose of producing the layer of copper on the outer surface of the copper oxide is,i of
course, to make it possible to readily make elec- 5 from the oxidizing furnace to a second furnace maintained at approximately 500 to 600 0., and quenching the blanks in water after they have reached the temperature of the second furnace. The reason for maintaining the reducing bath of my invention at 500 to 600 C. is to make this bath serve the purpose also of the cond furnace,
so that the blanks may be quenche in water directly frqm the reducing bath. The electrolyte must be so chosen that it will function as a reducing agent at 500 to 600C.
Although I have herein described only one p'rocess of manufacturing electrical rectifiers, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:
1. The process of producing a rectifier unit which consists in treating a copper blank to form cuprous oxide thereon, and treating the oxidized blank in a non-aqueous electrolytic bath containing calcium chloride to reduce the outer surface of the oxide to copper.
2. The process of producing a' rectifier unit which consists in treating a copper blank to form cuprous oxide thereon, and treating the oxidized bla in a non-aqueous electrolytic bath containa ing calcium chloride at a temperature of 500 C. to 600 C. to reduce the outer surface of the oxide to copper.
'3. The process of producing a rectifier unit which consists in treating a copper blank to form cuprous oxide thereon, and placing the oxidized blank in contact with iron in a non-aqueous electrolytic bath containing calcium chloride which elements themselves constitute an electric battery which "furnishes current to reduce the outer surface of the oxide to copper.
4. The process of producing a rectifier unit which consists in treating a copper blank to form cuprous oxide thereon, and placing the treated blank in contact with a metal having a higher potential than copper in the electromotive series in a non-aqueous electrolyte containing calcium- Q chloride which elements themselves constitute an electric battery which furnishes current to re-. duce the outer surface of the oxide to copper.
5. The process of. producing a rectifier-unit which consists in treating a copper blank to form cuprous oxide thereon, and placing the treated blank ingcontact with a metal having a higher potential than copper in the electromotive series in a non-aqueous electrolyte maintained at a temperature of 500 C. to 600 C. and containing no calcium chlorldeto reduce the outer surface otthe oxide. I
6. The process of producing a rectifier uni which consists in treating a copper blank to 5 tom cuprous oxide thereo treating the oxidized blank in a non-aqueous electrolytic bath containing calciumchloride to reduce the outer surface or the oxide to copper, and then quenching the blank. v v
7.'Iheprocemofproducingarectiflerwhich
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE373316D BE373316A (en) | 1929-09-11 | ||
| US926132D UST926132I4 (en) | 1929-09-11 | ||
| US391985A US1811603A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1929-09-11 | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers |
| US391986A US1926132A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1929-09-11 | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers |
| DE1930543994D DE543994C (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1930-08-14 | Process for the manufacture of rectifier elements |
| GB24806/30A GB367749A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1930-08-19 | Improvements relating to electrical current rectifying devices |
| FR701789D FR701789A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1930-09-08 | Improvements in electric current rectifiers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US391985A US1811603A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1929-09-11 | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers |
| US391986A US1926132A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1929-09-11 | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1926132A true US1926132A (en) | 1933-09-12 |
Family
ID=27013711
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US926132D Pending UST926132I4 (en) | 1929-09-11 | ||
| US391986A Expired - Lifetime US1926132A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1929-09-11 | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers |
| US391985A Expired - Lifetime US1811603A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1929-09-11 | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US926132D Pending UST926132I4 (en) | 1929-09-11 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US391985A Expired - Lifetime US1811603A (en) | 1929-09-11 | 1929-09-11 | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US1926132A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE373316A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE543994C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR701789A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB367749A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2496721A (en) * | 1945-10-19 | 1950-02-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Rectifier |
| US2701285A (en) * | 1951-04-03 | 1955-02-01 | Gen Electric | Electric cutout |
| US2739276A (en) * | 1951-02-23 | 1956-03-20 | Gen Electric | Copper oxide rectifier and method of making the same |
| US2946727A (en) * | 1955-10-20 | 1960-07-26 | Condenser Machinery Corp | Method for making electrolytic condensers |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2899345A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | Method of making titanium dioxide capacitors | ||
| JPS5810880B2 (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1983-02-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | How to improve adhesion of copper coating |
-
0
- US US926132D patent/UST926132I4/en active Pending
- BE BE373316D patent/BE373316A/xx unknown
-
1929
- 1929-09-11 US US391986A patent/US1926132A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1929-09-11 US US391985A patent/US1811603A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1930
- 1930-08-14 DE DE1930543994D patent/DE543994C/en not_active Expired
- 1930-08-19 GB GB24806/30A patent/GB367749A/en not_active Expired
- 1930-09-08 FR FR701789D patent/FR701789A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2496721A (en) * | 1945-10-19 | 1950-02-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Rectifier |
| US2739276A (en) * | 1951-02-23 | 1956-03-20 | Gen Electric | Copper oxide rectifier and method of making the same |
| US2701285A (en) * | 1951-04-03 | 1955-02-01 | Gen Electric | Electric cutout |
| US2946727A (en) * | 1955-10-20 | 1960-07-26 | Condenser Machinery Corp | Method for making electrolytic condensers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| UST926132I4 (en) | |
| BE373316A (en) | |
| US1811603A (en) | 1931-06-23 |
| DE543994C (en) | 1932-02-12 |
| GB367749A (en) | 1932-02-25 |
| FR701789A (en) | 1931-03-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US1926132A (en) | Manufacture of electrical rectifiers | |
| US3293159A (en) | Process for producing a fused reducing bath for descaling | |
| US2266922A (en) | Manufacture of alternating current rectifiers | |
| US3096261A (en) | Salt bath for electrolytic cleaning of metals | |
| US2078143A (en) | Regenerative electric cell | |
| US2413411A (en) | Process for producing iron powder | |
| US1834275A (en) | Manufacture of copper oxide rectifiers | |
| US2365177A (en) | Process for refining lead or lead alloys | |
| US2378761A (en) | Cleaning oxides from steel | |
| US2217422A (en) | Glass-metal seal | |
| KR102280173B1 (en) | Method of formation copper plating with improved emissivity | |
| US1538650A (en) | Soda-lime composition of matter useful as a gas absorbent | |
| US2515148A (en) | Method of preparing ferrous metal for heat-treatment | |
| US2172576A (en) | Manufacture of alternating elec | |
| US1276977A (en) | Method of coating metal articles. | |
| US1548854A (en) | Production of antimony | |
| US948681A (en) | Electrolytic separation of metal. | |
| US2139791A (en) | Process of manufacturing dry rectifiers | |
| JPS55141586A (en) | Recovering method of lead | |
| US939223A (en) | Process for electrolytically removing iron-oxid scale. | |
| US1447892A (en) | Smelting and electrolytic process | |
| US1485436A (en) | Means for preventing occlusion of hydrogen in metal cathodes | |
| US1966817A (en) | Process of grooving laminated glass | |
| SU630925A1 (en) | Flux for electroslag treatment of metals and alloys | |
| US2151933A (en) | Method of forming a cuprous oxide rectifier element |