US1922664A

US1922664A - Vapor generator

Info

Publication number: US1922664A
Application number: US492131A
Authority: US
Inventors: Howard J Kerc
Original assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Current assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date: 1930-10-30
Filing date: 1930-10-30
Publication date: 1933-08-15
Anticipated expiration: 1950-08-15

Description

Aug. 15, 1933. H, J, KERR 1,922,664

VAPOR GENERATOR Filed Oct. 30, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet l 4, Fig] 3 Z Fl 3 INVENTOR Holt 9RD a7. KER/Q ATTORN EY Aug. 15, 1933. KERR 1,922,664

VAPOR GENERATOR Filed Oct. 30, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR HOW/7RD IKE/QR @u-TRW ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 15, 1933 I adm t emaima i i i 1 Howard J. Kerr, 'Westfield, N.. J assignor to TheBabcock' .& Wilcox Company, Bayonne, N. J.*, a Corporation of New Jersey y H Application Qotober 30;

14 Claims. (o1. 122 2 3 5) ,.This invention relates to vapor generators including tubular boilers and their furnaces, and

more particularly to a refractorywall in such -a vapor generator formed in, conjunction with .5 the tubes and supportedthereby.

An object of the invention isto form a re fractor-y wall in a vapor,- generatorincluding a tubular boiler and a furnace by securing the refractory material to certain. of the tubes; I J Anotherobject ofthe'inventionis to provide a vapor generator including a .tubular boiler and afurnace in which certain curved tubes supporta refractory I valljf.

A further object of the invention is to adapts row. of vapor generating tubes to I serve as a pro tection for the headersin'whichfthey are ex panded.

Other objectswill be apparentthose skilled j inthis particular ,art'from the description in the specification in connectionlwiththe draw:

ings in which Figfl is aside view. of a vapor generator partly in .sectio'nj.

, Fig. 2 isan enlarged .view in section a detailof the invention;

Fig.3 'isan enlarged view in secti 'on' of jag rows of.,icurvedytubes 20 ,andl21 as wall. tubes.

detail of the invention 'taken along the line .3-3ofFig.2;

to Fig. 4; Fig.1 6 is a side ,viewof aportion of {{(boiler and its furnace illustratin'g' an"embodiment of the invention.

One embodiment of Fig. '1 in which aspecific use for the"inven tion tubes 1. are shown expanded in

headers

2, 3 and 4'; the, header 31and14 being" 'locaLted' inside. a boiler ,abovea furnace 5'. steam generating; tube,6 are located ,in the' upper part of the.

furnace below the tubes 1 and serve'as a slag screen thereforythe innerends of these" tubes,

extend toward the center of the furnace beyond their respective headers 3 and '4 and'a-re bent As shown most. clearly are secured. as by;welding.:to;;the inner side of the bent portion of thetubes, 6 normal-to the.

framework of refractory material is provided to] plane of the tubes at their point of contact, the fins beingwgenerally.concentric with the tubes :and embracing only a part .of their. circumference, preferably less; than half. .By virtue of atheir tlocation the distances between the faces of thefins are gre ateratthe edges adjacent the tubes than at their other edges and hence form pockets of. trapezoidal,cross-section. Refractormflaterial, preferably applied while .in plastic state .fills the spaces b etweenthe tubes and is; securedwhereto byrthe fins. As shownmost; clearly in Fig S, the refractory materialentirely-coversthe fins and fills the spaces between the tubes,- and with the tubes forms a'prote ctive shield for the lower encls of the headers 3 and .4 irorn the gases of combustion fromgfurnace 5. h It is to be noted.-that,;by. reason of the trapezoidal. shape ofthe pockets formed by he fins with ,their free edges approaching, each other, pockets are formed of such shape that, they provide an especiallyefiective locking .means to .hold: the, refractory material in position. -In the modificationshown in Fig." 6, a portioniof a; boiler furnace is, illustrated utilizing Each row of tubesl 1as -fins,.22 secured thereto I V i i g s on the eoncaveside, inlthegrnanner previously Fig. 4 is an enlargedview in section of aqder tail of the. invention taken along the vline"4.4

described, ,and ref;, "actorymaterial 23 is held by the tins and formsa refractory backingfor the I J .,cur,v e d tubes,. The refractory material isap- Fig.5 is an enlarged "viewjpartly in section of a detail of the, inventiontakenat right "angles ,pliedto these tubes, preferably while inQa plastic state, and is held. inplace by the fins. Upon hardening this;,- reiractoryv material, forms a refractory wallsecurely anchored tov the tubes and efiectively supported thereby. s I

. Whilea specific em bodirnent of the invention anda definite application have been, shown and i s gclescrlbed" itfliszto, beI nderSt od that changes, is illustrated. ,Tw'o banks of steam generating substitutions.omissions and additionspmay be made without departing frornjthe spirit of the invent on as l m ts b th appen e la .What.. m ;.iS

Y Ina boiler ofthe class described, a plurality yof banks of steam generating tubes, rows of ins de ihe dfi t rnsfl h n f tubes in. the path of, hot gases of; combustion from the boiler furnace, rows ofsteam generating tubes adapted to serve asa slag screen for said first named tubes, the ends of said slagscreen tubes extending-beyond said headers and being bent back and expanded into the lower ,ends lof said headers,;-a, plurality of finssecured to saidslag screenj tubes in the inner; sides of their.,bent portions, refractorv material covering said fins and being secured to the tubes thereby; said tubes and refractory material serving as a protection to the bottom of said headers from the hot gases of combustion.

2. The method of forming a curved boiler furnace arch wall comprising, forming tubes with projections on corresponding sides, bending each tube so that its adjacent projections form parts of pockets the sides of which are convergent away from the tube, assembling the bent tubes in arch alignment and in such spaced relation that quarters of adjacent tubes form the sides of pockets converging oppositely relative to the convergence of the projections, and positioning plastic refractory material between the oppositely converging pocket sides.

3. In the manufacture of arch walls for boiler furnaces forming metallic projections on tubes, bending each tube so that its adjacent projections form pocket sides converging away from the tubes, assembling the bent tubes in wall alignment, and positioning plastic refractory material between the tubes and the converging projections extending from the tubes.

4. In combination. a boiler furnace, boiler sections upwardly inclined from opposite sides of the furnace towards a position intermediate the sides of the furnace, uptake headers at the inner ends of the sections and spaced apart at said positions, sets of downtake headers for the sections located at opposite sides of the furnace, a cross-header below each downtake header, connections between each cross-header and the adjacent set of downtake headers, slag screen tubes leading from each cross-header and extending past the lower ends of the adjacent uptake headers, the slag screen tubes leading from the inner and facing sides of the uptake headers and curved so as to lead around the lower ends of the headers to which they are connected, refractory layers disposed on the back sides of the slag screen tubes and below the uptake headers, so 'as to cooperate with the tubes in forming shields for the lower ends of the uptake headers, and refractory anchors united with the curved portions'of the tubes and converging outwardly thereof.

5. In the manufacture of furnace walls for fluid heat exchange apparatus, forming metallic projections on a tube, bending the tube so that its adjacent projections form pocket sides converging away from the tube, and positioning plastic refractory material between the tube and the converging projections extending from the tube so that the material becomes anchored by the pocket sides.

6. In combination, a boiler furnace, opposed boiler sections including banks of steam generating tubes, upwardly inclined from opposite sides of the furnace towards a high position intermediate the sides of the furnace, uptake headers at the inner ends of the sections and spaced apart at said position, downtake headers for the sections located at opposite sides of the furnace, slag screen tubes leading from positions below the steam generating tubes and extending past the lower ends of the adjacent uptake headers, portions of the slag screen tubes leading from the inner and facing sides of the uptake headers and curved'so as to lead around the headers to which they are connected, refractory layers'disposed on the back sides of the slag screen tubes and their curved portions, so as to cooperate with the tubes in forming shields preventing direct engagement of furnace gases with the lower ends of the uptake headers, and refractory anchors integral with the curved por tions and converging outwardly of the curved portions.

7. Influid heat exchange apparatus, a bank of tubes conducting a fluid across a gas pass, slag screen tubes having curved portions provided with projections welded thereto, a header connected to the tubes, and a heat resisting wall interposed relative to the end of the header and oncoming furnace gases and extending around the end of the header, said wall being supported by the curved portions of the slag screen tubes which pass around the lower end of the header and terminate in a connection thereto at the side of the header.

8. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, a bank of tubes conducting a fluid across a gas pass, a header connected to the tubes. and a heat resisting wall interposed relative to the end of the header and oncoming furnace gases and extending around the end of the header, said wall being supported by some of said tubes which pass around the lower end of the header and terminate in a connection thereto at the side of the header.

9. In a manufacture of boilerfurnace walls, forming metallic projections on one side only of each of a plurality of tubes, bending each tube toward its side having the projections so that its adjacent projections form pocket sides converging away from the tubes, assembling the bent tubes in wall alignment, and positioning plastic refractory material between the tubes and the converging projections extending from the tubes.

10. In combination, a boiler furnace, boiler sections upwardly inclined from opposite sides of the furnace towards a position above and intermediate the sides of the furnace, uptake headers at the inner ends of the sections and spaced apart at said position, sets of downtake headers for the sections located at opposite sides of the furnace, slag screen tubes connected to the downtake headers and extending across the lower ends of the adjacent uptake headers, portions of the slag screen tubes leading from the inner and facing sides of the uptake headers and curved so as to lead around the lower ends of the headers to which they are connected, a, refractory layer disposed on the back sides of the curved portions of the slag screen tubes so as to cooperate with the tubes in forming shields preventing direct engagement of furnace gases with the lower ends of the sides of headers, and refractory anchors extending from the curved portions of the slag screen tubes.

11. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, fluid chambers on opposite sides of a gas pass, a row of tubes connecting said chambers so as to conduct fluid from one to the other across the gas pass, projections on the cooler sides of the tubes, said tubes being bent at their ends near one chamber so as to pass around the lower end of the chamber and to interpose a fluid cooled wall between that chamber and the oncoming gases and to bring the outer ends of said projections nearer together whereby there is provided anchoring means for refractory material disposed along the back sides of the tubes with reference to the approach of the gases.

12. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, opposite fluid chambers,- a row of tubes connecting said chambers so as to conduct fluid from one to the sides of the tubes, said tubes being bent at their ends near one chamber to pass around the lower end of the chamber and bring the outer ends of said projections nearer together whereby there is provided anchoring means for refractory material disposed along the back sides of the tubes with reference to the approach of the gases.

13. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, spaced fluid chambers, a furnace, a row of tubes connecting said chambers so as to conduct fluid from one to the other across a gas pass, projections on the remote sides of the tubes with reference to the approach of heating gases, said tubes being bent near their ends and between their connections to said chambers so as to extend around a part -of one of the chambers nearest the furnace and provide a fluid cooled wall protecting that part against overheating due to the oncoming gases and to bring the outer ends of said projections nearer together whereby they provide anchoring means for refractory material disposed along the back sides of the tubes with reference to the approach of the gases.

14. In a boiler of the class described, a bank of steam generating tubes, a row of uptake headers for said bank of tubes in the path of hot gases of combustion, a row of downtake headers connected to the tubes, a row of additional steam generating tubes disposed below and constituting a screen for said bank of tubes, the ends of said additional tubes extending below and beyond the lower ends of the uptake headers and being bent back and expanded in said headers at the lower end thereof, said tubes serving as a pro- ,tection to the bottom of said headers from the hot gases of combustion.

HOWA RD J. KERR.