US1918397A - Firing of steam boilers - Google Patents

Description

July 18, 1933.

H. JEZLER FIRING OF STEAM BQILERS Filed Feb. 27. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l July18, 1933. H. JEzLER I FIRING OF STEAM BOILERS Filed Feb. 27. 1931 July 18, 1933. H JEZLER FIRING oF STEAM BOILERS Filed Feb. 27. 1931v 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 IIIL Patented July 18, 1933 UNITED STATE-s PATENT OFFICE HUBERT J EZLER, OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND 'FIRING OF STEAM IBOTLERS Application filed February 27, 1931, Serial No. 518,761, and in Switzerland March 5, 1930.

Walls to be heated. It has been observed that with increase in speed of the hot gases the rate of heat transmission rapidly increases and may assume very high values.`

I attain a very high speed of the hot gases within a comparatively small sized boiler by setting the gases in rapid rotation within a tubular combustion space.

2 result of centrifugal action and progress moreover in axial direction at a speed which may be variedaccording to the fuel used, according to the variations in load, or laccording to anyother requirement. `As the 'J0 combustion takes place in an incandescent rotating gaseous mass with great turbulence and with intense radiation against the walls, a very high etliciency is attained. I In carrying out my invention there is'provided a cylindrical boiler internally fired with pulyerized fuel (or liquid fuel or gaseous fuel may be used) the fuel and the air being introduced under pressure' by nozzles o arranged tangentially to the cylindrical combustion space. Any suitable number of nozzles may be used and they may be arranged at any suitable position to initiate and to maintain a turbulent rotary stream of hot lgases advancing in the direction of the axis of the boiler and being throttled thereby by suitable means. Steam, additional freshair, additional fuel, etc. may be introduced in the rotating mass. The stream of the gases may follow a helical or a spiral path, and the advancing speed of the rotating gas may The rotating. 5 vgases are forced closely against the wall as aJ be varied by varying the angle at which the gases enter the combustion space. /To improve the efficiency further an outlet is pro vided for the solid products of combustion, said products being thrown out for instance through said outlet by the centrifugal action of the rotating' gas.

In the accompanying drawings examples of boiler donstructions for carrying into effect the method according to the invention are shown diagrammatically.

Fig. lis an axial section through a boiler showing th new method of firing with oil. Fig. 2 `is a cross-section on line II--II of Fig. l through the combustion space of the 55 boiler.

Figs. 3 and 4 show another boiler adapted to be used for carrying :out my invention; Fig. 3 is an axial section through the boiler zlind Fig. 4 is a section `on line IV-IV of 70 ig. 3. Fig. 5 illustrates an axial section through another form of boiler construction for carrying out my invention, and

Fig. 6 is a cross-section taken von line 75 VI-VI of Fig. 5. Y

In a drum boiler l, (Figs. l and 2) is itted a cylindrical flame tube 2. The llame tube widens out at one end of the boilerto form a cylindrical combustion space 3 into 80 which a combustion air inlet 4 with a fuel nozzle or burner 5 is tangentially directed. On the outer periphery of the combustion space there is provided anl auxiliaryair inlet 6, and a live or exhaust steam nozzle 7. The manhole of the combustion space isv closed,y by a cover 8. For particular purposes, as for example for the insertion of water tubes and superheating pipes, the flame tube may have a larger internal diameter for example corresponding to the dotted outline 9. It is only essential in this case thatv there should be -left a collar 10 so that a cylindrical combustionspace remains to receive the continuously rotating mass of heating gas.

The process of combustion in the combustion space ofthe boiler and in the flame tube connected therewith is as follows:

The ignited combustion mixture is ejected sel as a result o the centrifugal action taking place. The increase in pressure of the glowing gas against the wall, and the y'1ncrease in speed of said gas serve to lncrease l the degree of heat transmission.

With increase in speed of'rotation of the glowing gas, under the influence of the roughness of the combustion space wall, the turbulence is also increased, whereby the transmisison of heat is alsoincreased.

As the combustion takes place in a glowing rotating mass of gas, a very high temperature is reached and thereby an intense radiation against the walls of the vessel is effected.

Since a further supply of fresh mixture constantly passes into the combustion space, the rotating-heating gases iiow over into the flame tube, where the pitch of their spiral course increases the further they get away from the combustion space. In order to influenc'e the combustion by the supply of secondary air, there are provided one or-more tangentially directed auxiliary air inlets.4 The jet of live or of exhaust steam into the heating gas current by means of one or more v nozzles takes place for the following reathus serve to regulate the combustion, to

regulate the axial advance of the flames, and tol accelerate the rotating movement of the flames and maintain such movement to the end of the combustion chamber. i

The combustion space may be partly lined with a refractory material as for example carborundum, or the like, or with ire resisting metal as shown in Fig. 3. i

The heating, in accordance with the present invention, may in some cases be used in combination with other known heating means or methods.

In the second example shown inFigs. 3 and 4 the boiler 11 is provided with a cylindrical flame tube 12, one end of the boiler being recessed and refractory material 13 covering the wall of said recess. The burner 1 4 comprises an annular channel 15 with a pipe 16 VAdow of transparent material.

by which the fuel is introduced. Within a ring 17 arranged and held by the channel 15 a door 18 is arranged, said ring 17 and door 18 being constructed of refractory material. A hole 19 serves for ignition purposes, and is closed in a well known manner with a win- 15 is provided with vanes 20 which may be movable or rigid. YThevanes 20 direct the fuel tangentially around the centre of the combustion space preferably at a steep angle with reference to the axis of the combustion space. The fuel forced into the combustion space ignites in coming in contact with the hotl gases of combustion. To start the firing of the fuel an ignition device may be insert- 4ed through hole 19. According to the position of the vanes the entering fuel flows in a more or less close spiral path in the direction of the longitudinal axis, the iame rotatj ing around the hollow cylindrical. wall, and traveling .in the direction of the axis at a speed varying according to the position of the vanes 20. To control the combustion, auxiliary fresh air and live steam is forced into the 'rotating burning fuel by nozzles, 21, 22, or

ried andtherefore the speed in which the gases proceed inv axial direction through the boiler `may be affected by the use of such auxiliary air or live steam. Complete com- ,bustion may be attained in a very short space by means of the present invention.

To free the gases from the solid products of combustion use is made of centrifugal force. In the boilera water-cooled ridge 27 projects int-o the path ofthe rotating gases and forms an obstacle to the flow thereof in axial direction. In front of -said ridge 27 an annular pocket 26 is arranged adapted to receive the 'solid particles thrown olf by the rotating gases. The particles collected in sai d The channel pocket may be removed by a pipe 29. In

place of the annular pocket a row of slots or holes maybe provided. The ridge 27 throttles the How of gases, and by natural p vonly to generate or superheat steam, but for ovens or any other purposes where very in tensive radiation of heat is required.

The cross-section of the combustion chamberA is preferably circular but may be. oval or otherwise.

Another boiler to which the new princi- Y ple is applied is shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

with a' collecting chamber 34. The ring is effected as described above, the fuel being introduced by the burner 35. The ignited fuel proceeds in helical lines at a great speed over thepipes 32, the gases being pressed by centrifugal force against said pipes. Auxiliary ber of' circular section which includes the 3 air in introduced by an annular hollow ring having nozzle 36. Live steam instead of air.

, may be fed through one or more of said nozzles. The screen 37 throttling the axial flow of the gases consists of water pipes which may be connected to a water feed device and the water can be preheated therein. The solid particles are thrown olf by centrifugal action into a collecting chestl 38. The steam raised in the collector 34 passes through a coil 40 and is superheated thereby by the escaping gases. A boiler as shown may be used for locomotives. The, pressure Within the pipe 32 is kept high to preventebullition practically no steam being generated ,inV saidv tubes. The tubes being constantly water cooled do not get overheated at the very high temperature vof the rotating gases. i

I wish it clearly understood that I do not limit my invention to the particular device as shown and described but what Iv claim and wish to secure by U. S. Letters Patent, is

1. A method of heating a liquid in a boiler having a combustion chamber of circular section, the wall of `which is in contact with the liquid toy be heated, including the steps of introducing combustion gases' at high velocity tangentially into said chamber, and

projecting a stream of gas at high velocity into Said chamber substantially tangentially to said wall, whereby a spiral-like gas current is created near the periphery of said chamber, and the hot combustion gases in said chamber are caused to follow said current.`

A2. A method of heating a liquid in a boiler having a combustion chamber of a circular section, the outside wall of said combustion chamber being in contact with the liquid to be heated,'including the steps of delivering hot Ycombustion gases at high speed tangentially into said chamber, whereby said gases are forced against the cylindrical surface of said combustion chamber, and made to follow a helical path along said surface, obstructing the spiral passage of the gases at a section in said chamber, causing the solidresidues entrained' in said combustion gas-to separate from said gas by the centrifugal fonce of said rotative action', and collecting said residues `v at said section. t 3. A methodv of heating a liquid in a' boiler having an annular Water chamber encircling the heating chamber, which includes thestep of projecting combustion gases at\high.tem perature from points outside of the peripheral wall of said heating chamber inwardly of said heating chamber and substantially tangentially to said wall at. such velocity as to cause said' gases to be dynamically forced against said wall and to advance along the wall in a helical path of low pitch.

4. A method of heating the wall of a charnsteps of projecting combustion gases at high temperature from points outside of said wall inwardly of said wall and substantially tangentially thereof at such velocity as to cause said gases to be-dynamically forced against said wall and advance along the wall in a helical path, and introducing one or more streams of fluid, such as air or steam, tangentiall'y through said wall along said path.

5. A method of heating a cylindrical wall, which includes the `steps of projecting combustion gases at high temperature from points outside of said wall inwardly of said wall and substantially tangentially thereof at such velocity as to cause said gases to. be

dynamically forced against said wall and advance along the wall in a helical path, and accelerating the helical flow of said gases by introducing one or more other gaseous me.-

diumsy atl high velocity through said wall tanthereof along the path of ilow of I gentially said gases. l

6. A method of heating a cylindrical wall,

which includes the steps of projectingcombustion gases at high temperature from points outside of said wall inwardly of said wall and substantially tangentially thereof at such velocityv as to cause said gases to be dynamically forced against said wall and advance along the wall in a helical path, and re- 110 tarding the axial advance of said gases.

7. The method of Yheating a liquid in a boiler having a heating chamber of circular section formed by liquid tubes located adjacent to each other and arranged around them to be dynamically forced against the wall of said liquid chambers and to advance in a helical path in said heating chamber, and

introducing jets of a gaseous medium, such as air or steam, tangentially to said heating chamber between two adjacentliquid chambers.

HUBERT JEZLER.

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