US1914707A

US1914707A - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US1914707A
Application number: US388968A
Authority: US
Inventors: Wolf Leslie Milton
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1929-08-28
Filing date: 1929-08-28
Publication date: 1933-06-20
Anticipated expiration: 1950-06-20

Description

June 20, 1933. 1.. M. WOLF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 28. 1929 Patented June 20, 1933 LESLIE MILTQN WQLE OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed August 28, 1929. Serial No. 388,968.

This invention relates to gas engines, and

more particularly to internal combustion engines of the reciprocatory type in which a charge of fuel, whether a gas or a vaporized liquid, is employed and compressed and fired for the purpose of generating power against reciprocation of pistons. I In the construction of most internal combustion engines there is provided a timing means for timing the reciprocation of istons in relation to the opening of the inta e and exhaust valves so as to compress in the cylinders the charge of fuel to be tired and to cause the maximum compression of fuel to take place prior to the piston passing dead center and firing the charge in the firing chamber before the piston has reached the dead center position so that there is a back pressure created against the pistonin a direction to resist the forward propulsion of the piston resulting in a loss of power due to the back pressure created against the piston in a reverse direction. in other types of internal combustion engines the charge of fuel is fired when the piston has reached practically a dead center position so that there is no opportunity for the power generated to act on the crank arm connecting the piston with the crank shaft to transmit the power thus generated to the crank shaft.

it is an object of this invention to provide an internal combustion engine having timing means so interrelated with the action of the piston as to cause the maximum compression of fuel todtake place at a'point beyond dead center of the piston and to cause the fuel thus compressed to be fired at a point materially beyond dead center so that as the fuel is fired the power generated will have a material crank arm against which to exert its pressure to transmit the power generated to the crank shaft.

Another object of this invention is to provide a form of piston valve and compressor member adapted to be actuated for the purpose of providing a valve to admit a charge of fuel into the firing chamber of an'internal combustion engine and also adapted to be actuated for'the purpose of compressing the fuel in the firing chamber.,

Other objects and advantages of this invention it is believed will be apparent from the'following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a fragment of an internal combustion engine em bodying this invention illustrating the parts in firing or maximum compression position.

Figure 2 is a like sectional elevation iilustrating the parts in exhaust position.

Figure 3 is a like sectional elevation illustrating the parts in position to admit a charge of fuel into the compression chamber.

Figure 4. is a iike sectional elevation in the modified form of an internal combustion engine embodying my invention.

Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a third modification of my invention. W Figure 6 is a fragmental sectional view illustrating means for adjustably supporting the actuating means for the upper piston of an internal combustion engine embodying my invention. ?5

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figures 1 m3 inclusive, 1 indicates a cylinder in which there is mounted the customary piston 2 of any suitable or desirable construction. The piston 2 is connected by a connecting rod 3 with the crank arm 4 of the crank shaft 5. A second piston 6 is mounted to reciprocate within an upper cylinder 7. The piston b is connected by means of a connecting rod 8 with a lever 9. The lever 9 is pivotally mounted at 10 and is 'pivotally connected with the crank rod 8 at 11. The lever 9 is pivotally connected to a rod 12 upon which a compression spring 13 is mounted. The washer 14, secured to the rod 12, provides a stop for the spring 13 at one end, and an adjustable stop plate 15 mounted within a horizontal extension 16 of the cylinder 7 provides a stop for the opposed end of the spring 13. An adjustment screw 17, which is screw-threaded into the shell of the cylinder 7 as indicated at 18, is provided for adjusting the position of the stop plate 15. A look nut 19 is provided to lock the screw 17 in adjusted position.

crank arm 4 reaches its lower In order to actuate the piston 6 so as to cause the piston 6 to act as a valve to open an intake port formed in the cylinder 7 to admit a charge of fuel into the compression chamber 21, and also to cause the piston 6 to act as a compression piston to compress the charge of fuel in the compression chamber 21, there is provided a cam shaft 22 which is driven from the crank shaft in any suitable or desirable manner, as is well understood in the art, and is driven from the crank shaft at one-half the speed of revolution of the crank shaft, and mounted on the cam shaft 22 is a cam 23 which engages the lever 9 to force the lever 9 into the position indicated in Figure 1 against the force created by the spring 13. The spring 13 normally acts to force the lever 9 into position to raise the piston 6 in the cylinder 7 to open the intake port 20. An exhaust. valve 24 is provided, which may be of the tappet type as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, or may take some other form, as illustrated in the modified forms of my invention.

Means are provided for firing the charge in the compression'chamber 21, which means are herein illustrated as including ordinary spark plugs 25 connected with any suitable or desirable source of electrical energy. The plug 25 is screw-threaded into position in the firing chamber 21. In case this invention is adapted in a Diesel type engine, the firing means may be omitted by raising the compression.

The fuel intake pipe 26 is secured into po-' sition by means of ca screws 27 and 28 and is of novel form, being constructed merely as a fragment of a complete circle in crosssection, and is secured to the wall of the cylinder 7 and to the horizontal extension 29 thereof.

In operation the engineembodying my invention takes in its charge of fuel when the ,upper piston 6 reaches the position indicated in Figure 3, and when the lower piston 2 is descending so that the charge of fuel is drawn into the engine under the suction created.

The suction stroke of the engine begins when the piston 2 has descended in' the cylinder 1 to a position where the crank arm 4 is approximately advanced from its dead center position, and continues until the dead center position. During this suction stroke the piston 6 has been raised to uncover thi; ,intake port 20 and remains in that position for the entire suction stroke, as is determined by the cam 23. As soon as the crank arm 4 reaches its lower dead center position, the cam 23 actuates the lever 9 to move the lever 9 against the force of. the spring 13 and cause the piston 6to descend in its cylinder 7. During this same time the piston 2 is raising upwardly in the cylinder 1. The two. approaching pistons 2 and 6 reach the position where'the cylinder which is secured to a shaft 22".

firing chamber 21 has been reduced to a minimum volume when the crank arm 4 has passed dead center approximately 45. At this point the charge is fired in the firing chamber 21 and the fired charge is allowed to expand until the crank arm 4 reaches its lower dead center position.. During this time the upper piston 6 is raised and the crank arm 4 is at the lower dead center position, the exhaust valve 24 is o ened and the charge is allowed to exhaust rom the engine and is forced from the engine by the upward movement of the piston 2 in the cylinder 1. The exhaust continues until the crank arm has again reached the upward vertical dead center position, when the exhaust valve 24 is closed and the cycle of the operation is repeated.

In the modified form of my invention illustrated in Figure 4, like parts are designated bylike numerals with the addition of an exponent a. This modification of my invention is entirely similar to that shown in Figures 1 to 3 inclusive, except that in this modification the upper piston 6 and closes the exhaust port 30 formed in the 7 and acts as the exhaust valve as well as the intake valve and the means for alternately opens compressing the fuel in the firing chamber 21*. In this modification of my invention a slightly different means are employed for the purpose of actuating the upper piston 6" and the cam shaft 22 is situated in a different position. The cam shaft 22 in this modification is located near the crank case of the engine and, is provided with an irregularly shaped cam 23 which engages a cam follower 31'. The cam follower 31 is at its upper end pivotally connected with a rocker arm 32', and the rocker arm 32 is in turn fulcrumed by a pivot 33 and is pivotally connected at its opposite end with the connecting rod 8 of the upper piston 6. A spring 13 is mounted upon the cam follower 31 and normally acts to urge the piston 6 into highest position.

In the gnodification of this invention illustrated in Figure, 5, similar parts are desig nated by similar numerals with the addition of an exponent b. r

, In this modification of my invention a true harmonic action is provided for the upper piston 6 in that the connecting rod 8 ofthe upper piston is'secured to an eccentric 35 In this modification of my invention, the upper piston 6 is caused ravel through a true harmonic cycle and lows substantially the cycle of operation 'd of this invention, except that when follow ing a true harmonic cycle the exact time of the modification of Figures 1 to 3' can not be obtained.

In Figure 61 have illustrated a means for adjusting the position of the shaft 10 upon which the lever 9 is rotatablysupported in order to vary. the positionof the upper piston,

cribed for the first modification.

- chamber. In varying 6 in the upper cylinder 7. This means is provided for the purpose of varying theratio of compression of the fuel in the compression the ratio of compression, the engine may be adapted to different conditions of altitude or for the use of different fuels.

In order to permit this adjustment of the position of the shaft 10, and hence the relative positions of the pistons 6 and the cylinder the shaft 10 is journalled in an eccentric bushing 40 upon which the bearing collar 41 of the lever 9 is journaled.

If there is more than one cylinder in the engine, there will preferably be provided an eccentric bushing 40 for connecting the lever 9 rotatably with the shaft 10 for each cylinder.

In'order to adjust the position of the eccentric bushing 40, and hence of the piston 6 and the cylinder 7, while the engine is in operation the shaft 10 is provided with a pinion 42 adapted to mesh with a worm gear 43'carried on a shaft 44. The shaft 44 extends forward to a the operator of the engine such, for example, as either in the cockpit of an aeroplane or into the drivers com artment of a motor vep second piston in nition means, an exhaust means and an inlet means, a pistonreciprocally mounted in said cylinder, a crank shaft having a crank arm, a connecting rod connecting said piston to said crank arm, a second piston reciprocally mounted'in said cylinder in opposed relation to said first p ston, sitioned directly back of said second piston and rigidly secured-to said cylinder, means for operatively supporting and movirn; said an articulated member consisting of tw'osections pivotally connected together atone end" and pivotally connected to said second piston and; to said supporting member at their re- I speetive opposite said second piston is transmitted ends, means for straightenmg said articulated member and maintaining it injstraight position between said second pistonand said supporting member to move and maintain said second piston toward said first piston during the working stroke of said piston, whereby outward force exerted .on directly through said articulated member. to said suppoint of accessibility for a supporting member po-' porting, member, and means for bending said articulated member at the jomt'between said two sections (luring another phase of operation of said eng' to move said second piston away from said dist piston.

Signed at Los Angeles, California, this 13th day of August 1929.

L. MILTON WOLF.

said cylinder comprising