US1913475A

US1913475A - Apparatus and process for making composition shingles

Info

Publication number: US1913475A
Application number: US388413A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ray W Conant
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1929-08-26
Filing date: 1929-08-26
Publication date: 1933-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 1950-06-13

Description

June 13, 1933. R. w. comm 1,913,475

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING COMPOSITION SHING-LES Filed Aug. 26, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l ATTOENEY Pay 4/. Co/vn/vv;

June 13, 1933. R w CQNANT 1,913,475

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING COMPOSITION SHINGLES Filed Aug. 26, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 i I l [N l/EN T012: 1693 M Carve/v7;

Patented. June 13, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RAY W. CONAN'I, 01 LOS ANGELES, ASBIGNOB, TO HAROLD D. BROWN, 01'

' LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA APPARATUS AN D PROCESS FOR MAKING COMPOSITION SHINGLES Application am August 26,1949. lerlal was.

My invention relates to roof shingles and more particularly to a composition shingle. It is an object of my invention to produce a shingle of the character mentioned which is composed of a suitable base on which is built up alternated layers of a bindin material and a filler was to produce a s ingle having parts of different thickness.

It is another object of my invention to provide a. composition shingle which is thinner at the butt than at the exposed portion, the thickening of the exposed portion being accomplished by adding a binding material and a filler or other surfacing element to a suitable base.

It is a still further object of my invention to produce shingles from a strip of material which has been built up in the abovedescribed manner so that it has a crosssectional contour adapting the strip to be cut longitudinally thereof'into two or more shingles, each shingle being thinner at its butt than at its exposed end.

A further object of my invention is to provide a method of producing the shingle of my invention.

It is also an object. of my invention to provide an apparatus by which a strip of sheet material, sufficiently wide to form one '80 or more shingles, is first submerged in a bath of a bindm material such as hot liquid asphalt, then subjected to a scraping action to form the surface of the sheet material to a desired cross-sectional contour, and then :6 given a surface coating composed of a layer of a filler such as sand, and wherein the stri is again submerged in hot li uid asp alt, given a finishin coating of s ate or other finishing materia and then cut into shingles ofa desired configuration by suitable cutting means. a

It is another object of my invention to provide a process of making a composite shingle inwhich the adherence of a granular material, such as sand or slate, to the shingle member is controlled by the position and amount of adhesive applied to the shingle member.

It is a further object of my invention to provide a process of making a composite shingle in which an adhesive coating is aporder that the position and amount of granular material which is adhered thereto may be controlled.

Further objects of my invention will be apparent inthe following description and specification.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus suitable for use in the practice of my invention. Fig. 2 is an elevational view showin the configuration of the scraping edge of a ownin element included. in my invention.

. ig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an elevational view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1 showing a surfacing means of my invention.

Fig. 5 is an elevational view taken on the line 55 of Fig. 1 showing another surfacin means.

ig. 6 is a diagram showing the manner in which astrip of shingle material is cut longitudinall to form four shingles across the width t ereof.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view similar to a portion of Fig. 7 showing the alternate layers of a binding material and a filler as used in producing my invention.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, I show an apparatus generally designated by the numeral 11 in which a suitable base such as a continuous strip of felt 12, which has first been impregnated with a binding material such as asphalt, is guided by

rollers

13, 14, 15, and 16 into and out of a tank 18 so that the strip 12 is completely submerged in a body of 100 hot liquid asphalt 19 or other binding material contained in the tank 18.

Upon emerging from the tank 18 the strip 12 passes between the roller 16 and a gau ing roller 20 positioned at a slight distance a ove the roller 16, which rollers 16 and 20 roll the asphalt on the felt strip 12 to a uniform thickness. The strip 12 is then subjected to a scraping action by a scraper 22 formed as shown in Fig. 2. The scraper 22 has horizontal end blades 23 adapted to scrape away the asphalt along edge portions 24 of the strip 12, Fig. 3, and a horizontally aligned central blade 25 which is adapted to scrape away the asphalt along a center portion 26 of the strip. 12. The scraper 22 presses with sufficient force against the strip 12 so that practically all of the asphalt on the edge portions 24 andthe center portion 26 is scraped away. The felt strip 12 then has a cross-section as shown in Fig. 3.

After passing under the scraper 22 the strip 12 has a coating of filler material applied to the upper surface thereof by a suitable surfacing arrangement or hopper 28, as shown in Fig. 4. The hopper 28 applies a uniform coating of sand to the hot asphalt on the surface of the felt strip 12. The sand adheres to the asphalt on portions 30 intermediate between the edge and

center portions

24 and 26, respectively, but does not adhere to the edge and

center portions

24 and 26 due to the asphalt being scraped therefrom. The felt strip 12 then passes over a water-cooled roller 31 which cools the asphalt on the strip 12 so as to bind the sand in place thereon, and then passes over a roller 32 positioned above the hopper 28 where the surplus sand on the strip 12 drops back into the hopper 28 so as to be used again and not wasted.

The strip 12 is then carried by a series of

rollers

34, 35, 36', and 37 into and out of a tank 40 so that the strip 12 is entirely submerged in a bath of hot liquid asphalt 41 contained in the tank 40. After emerging from the tank 40 the strip 12 passes between the roller 37 and a gauging roller 42, similar in construction to the gauging roller 20, which rollers 37 and 42 roll the asphalt on the strip 12 to a uniform thickness. The strip 12 is again subjected to a scraping action by a scraper 44 adj acent the tank 40, which scraper 44 is similar in construction to the scraper 22 shown in Fig. 2. The scraper 44 scrapes the edge portions 24 and the center portion 26 of the strip 12 in a manner similar to the action of the scraper 22 except that all of the asphalt is not scraped off of the felt on these portions, and a thin layer of asphalt is left thereon.

After passing under the scraper 44 the strip 12 is treated by a surfacing means or' hopper 45 which is constructed as shown in Fig. 5. The hopper 45 has spouts 46 positioned above the edge and

center portions

24 and 26 of the strip 12 and applies a surface coating of sand to the thin layer of asphalt on these portions. From the hopper 45 the strip 12 passes to another surfacing means or hopper 47, which is identical to the hopper 28, and is positioned above the strip 12 for the purpose of applying a coat of finishing filler, such as slate, to the entire surface thereof. This finishing filler will adhere only to the portions 30 of the strip 12 due to the previously applied coating of sand to the

portions

24 and 26.

The strip 12 is then conducted around a cooling roller 50, similar to the cooling roller 31, which cools the asphalt on the strip 12 sufliciently to hold the surfacing material in position. From the cooling roller 50 the strip 12 is conducted around a roller 51 positioned above the hopper 47, which allows the surplus slate and .sand on the strip 12 to fall into the hopper, a cutting mechanism (not shown) which may be any suitable mechanism to cut the strip 12 longitudinally so as to form shingles.

The strip 12 after having passed through the consecutive baths of asphalt 19 and 41 in the

tanks

18 and 40, under the scrapers 22 and 44, and being surfaced with sand and slate or other surfacing material, comprises a shingle material as shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8. As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the portions 30 of the strip 12 are thickest and are composed of a body of felt 54 covered by a layer of asphalt 55, then a coating of sand 56, then an additional layer of asphalt 57 and finally a finishing coating of slate 58. The edge and

center portions

24 and 26 are thinner than the portions 30 due to being scraped by the scrapers 22 and 44 and comprise a body of felt 54, a thin layer of asphalt 60, and a layer of sand 61.

The cutting mechanism is adapted to cut the strip longitudinally into four shingles or shingle strips across the width of the strip 12 and having a shape determined by outer cuts 64 and 65 and an inner cut 66 shown by dotted lines in Fig. 6. It will be seen from an Inspection of Fig. 6 that the two outer cuts 64 and 65 follow an angled or staggered path and, being out through the thickened portions 30, form exposed

ends

68, 69,70, and

1 of four shlngles which have the desired design formed by the crenulated edges along the exposed ends thereof; the central cut 66 being straight and through the thin center portion 26 forms the

butt ends

74 and 75 of two of the shingles, which are identical with

butt ends

76 and 77 of the other two shingles.

In laying my shingles to form a roof covering, the 'thin butt ends of one shingle are covered by the thicker portions of another shingle, the icker portions being exposed to the weather. The adaptability of such a shingle having a thick exposed end and a thin butt end is readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

and the strip is then conducted to It should be understood that I do not wish to limit myself to any particular shape of the exposed end of my shingle, and the angled cuts 64' and 65 merely serve as an illustration as to one manner of forming my shingles. Any suitable base material may be substituted for the strip of felt 12, any suitable binding material may be substituted for the asphalt, and any suitable filler may be substituted for the sand and slate and still come within the limits of my invention.

From the foregoing description-it will be seen that one of the im ortant features of my present invention is t e manner of controlling the adherence of the ranular material to the shingle member. T e shingle member may be a single shingle piece, so far as the broad aspect of my invention is concerned, or it may be a strip of material which can be passed through an apparatus such as is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings. The adherence of the granular material to the shingle member is controlled by determining the amount of adhesive coating and the position of the adhesive coating applied to the shingle member prior to the ap lying of the granular material.

11 the form of the invention illustrated herein, I utilize scraping means for providing the coating of adhesive material with a sultable contour. When I make reference to contour, I do not refer to the thickness of the coating of adhesive material, but I refer to the outline of it from a plan View. When such a term is used in the claims, the meaning explained above is to be given to such a term.

In the preferred form of my invention I submerge the shingle member in a bath of adhesive material, such as hot asphalt, and thereafter remove certain portions of the adhesive coating to form the desired contour. This process is more easily performed than would be a process in which an asphalt coating means were provided which applied a coating only to a certain portion of the shingle member. It should be str ctly understood, however, that it comes withln the purview of my invention and the broad claims appended hereto, to apply an asphalt coating to certain portions of a shingle member by having the asphalt coating or adhesive coating initially applied to said portions and not to other portions of the shing e member.

It is a further important part of my invention to form the adhesive coating of different thicknesses in order to control the amount of granular material which will adhere to different portions of the shingle member. Where the adhesive coating is the thickest the granular material will adhere to theshingle member in greater quantities.

Although I have herein disclosed only one complete embodiment of my invention I am aware that various features may be changed and numerous embodiments might be conceived by those skilled in the art without departin from the spirit and scope of my invention.

I claim as my invention: 1. A process of producing composition shingles comprising: passing a strip of a base material, sufficiently wide to form one or more shingles, through a bath of a binding material to form an adhesive coating; re-

moving a portion of said coating from said strip so as to provide said strip with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a filler to said adhesive coating; passing said strip through an additional bath of said binding materlal to form a second adhesive coating; and applying a filler to said adhesive coating a second time.

A process of producing -a composition shingle comprising: impregnating an absorptive material with a bituminous substance; passm said absorptive material through a bath 0 bituminous substance, said substance being heated sufiiciently to become liquidized to form a coating of said substance on said material removing a portion of said coating from said strip so as to provide said strip with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a surfacing element to said material, said surfacing element adhering to said sub stance on said material; passing said material throu h an additional bath of said substance to orm a second coating of said substance on said material; and applying a finishing surfacing element to said material.

3. A process of producing a composition shingle comprising: passing an absorptive material, said material having been previously impregnated with asphalt, through a bath of hot asphalt to form a coating of said asphalt on sai material; removing a portion of said coating from said strip so as to provide said stri with a coated and an uncoated portion; app ying a granular surfacing element to said material, said element adhering to said coating of asphalt on said material; passing said material through an additional bath of asphalt to form a second coating of said asphalt on said material; and applying a finishing surfacing element to said material.

4. A process of producing a composition shingle comprising: 'submerging a strip of felt, said felt having been previously impregnated with asphalt, in a bath of hot asphalt to form a coating of said asphalt on said felt; forming the upper surface of said felt strip by removing a part thereof to provide said strip with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a layer of sand to one side of said strip; submerging said strip in an additional bath of hot asphalt to form a second coating of asphalt on said strip over said layer of sand; subjecting the upper surface of said strip to additional scraping to maintain the desired contour; and applying a layer of anular finishing material to one side of said strip. 4

. plying a second adhesive 5. A process of producing a composite shingle, comprising: applying an adheslve coating to a felt plece; removrng a port1on of said coating from said felt piece in order to provide said felt piece with a coated and an uncoated portion, applying a surfaclng material on said area having the adhesive coating, the surfacing material adhering thereto; applying a second adhesive coating to the entire area of said felt piece; and applying granular material to said area having the'sccond adhesive coating applied thereto;

6. A process of producing a composite shingle, comprising: applying an adhesive coating to a felt piece; removing a portion of said coating from said felt piece in order to provide said felt piece with a coated and an uncoated portion applying a surfacing material on said area having the adhesive coating, the surfacing material adhering thereto; ap-

coating to the entire area of said felt piece; applying a surfacing material'to that portion of said felt piece from which the first adhesive coating was removed; and applying a finishing material to the remaining area of said felt piece.

7. A process of producing a composite shingle, comprising: applying an adhesive coatlng to a felt piece; removing a portion of said coating from said felt piece in order to provide said felt piece with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a surfacing material on said area having the adhesive coating, the surfacing material adhering thereto; applying a second adhesive coating to the entire area of said felt piece, the adhesive coating applied to the area of said felt piece which was not coated by said first adhesive coating being relatively thin; and ap plying granular material to said area having the second adhesive coating applied thereto.

8. An apparatus for forming composition shingles, having: a plurality of tanks containing a bituminous substance, said substance being heated sufiiciently to become liquidized; a series of rollers carrying a strip of absorptive material, said rollers being adapted to submerge said strip in said substance within said tanks to form coatings of said substance on said strip; substance removing means intermediate said tanks adapted to remove said substance from a part of said strip of absorptive material, thus providing said absorptive material with a coated and an uncoated portion, surfacing means intermediate said tanks for applying a surfacing element to said strip; and means for applying a finishing surfacing element.

9. An apparatus for forming composition shingles, having: a plurality of tanks containing hot liquidized asphalt; a'series of rollers carrying a strip of absorptive material, said rollers being adapted to submerge said strip in said asphalt within said tanks to form coatings of said asphalt on said strip;

member; applying a second ing of adhesive material to said shingle member; removing a portion of said adhesive coating, thus providing said shingle member with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a granular coating to said shingle adhesive coating to said shingle member; and applying a second granular coating thereto.

11. A process of producing a composite shingle member, comprising: applying a coating of adhesiv'e'material to said shingle member; removing said adhesive coating from a portion of said shingle member, thus providing said shingle member with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a granular coating to said shingle member; applying a second adhesive coating to said shingle member; and applying a second granular coating thereto.

12. A process of producing a composite shingle member, comprising: applying a coating of adhesive material to said shingle member; removing a portion of said adhesive coating, thus providing said shingle member with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a granular coating to said shingle member; applying a second adhesive coating to said shingle member; removing a portion of said second adhesive coating from a part of said shingle member so that said second adhesive coating will be relatively thin at the portion of said shingle member from which said first coating of adhesive material was removed; and applying a second granular coating thereto.

13. A process of producing a composite shingle member, comprising: applying a coating of adhesive material to said shingle member; removing said adhesive coating from a port-ion of said shingle member, thus providing said shingle member with a coated and an uncoated portion; applying a granular coating to said shingle member; applying a second adhesive coating to said shingle member; removing a portion of said second adhesive coating from a part of said shingle member so that said second adhesive coating will be relatively thin at the portion of said shingle member from which said first coating of adhesive material was removed; and applying a second granular coating thereto.

In testimony whereof. I have hereunto set my hand at Los An geles, California, this 20th day of August, 1929.

RAY W. CONANT.