US1911976A - Electron tube - Google Patents

Electron tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US1911976A
US1911976A US419034A US41903430A US1911976A US 1911976 A US1911976 A US 1911976A US 419034 A US419034 A US 419034A US 41903430 A US41903430 A US 41903430A US 1911976 A US1911976 A US 1911976A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ions
electrons
tube
electron
cathode
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US419034A
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English (en)
Inventor
Strigel Robert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
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Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Schuckertwerke AG filed Critical Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1911976A publication Critical patent/US1911976A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/06—Vessels or containers specially adapted for operation at high tension, e.g. by improved potential distribution over surface of vessel

Definitions

  • My invention relates to electron tubes, and more particularl to improvements in the arrangement of e ectron tubes for extra high voltages.
  • Electron or cathode-ray tubes for very highvoltages in which the stream of ions becomes particularly noticeable are generally designed in such a way that the. voltage is subdivided over a plurality of ⁇ steps in thema'nner of a cascade, and the accelerationsare ⁇ imparted to the electrons in successive stepsunder the action of the voltage.
  • ThismetalI foil is then permeable forthe Y electronsgto 'be further accelerated but im permeable for the positive ions.
  • Theinethod described has, however, considerable"fde ⁇ fects.
  • the metal foil impermeable for the ions although permitting the electrons to ass also causes a loss of velocity of the e ectrons. This loss of velocity causes a considerable temperature rise of the metal foils, particularly 1n the higher steps of the voltage cascade which is lia-ble to exceed'the permissible value. To this must be added the fact that undesirable X-rays develop at the metal foil.
  • the adverse el'ect of the stream of ions is eliminated without the described disadvantages being present.
  • the ions are deflected into diil'erent paths from those of the electrons by means of a magl netic field.
  • My invention is based upon the physical conditlons described in the following lines.
  • rIn a homogeneous magnetic field of the strengthH a massparticle of the mass fm. and having a definite velocity describes a track the curvature radius 1 of vwhich is determined by the formula wherein e is the Icharge of the particle and V the applied voltage between the electrodes.
  • e is the Icharge of the particle and V the applied voltage between the electrodes.
  • My invention is based upon the fact that the positive ions possess a mass which is by several orders larger than the mass of the electrons.
  • the mass of the hydrogen ion for instance, is 200() times as large as the mass of an electron.
  • the'hydrogen ion At equal potential between the two electrodes the'hydrogen ion,
  • velocity of the electrons can be deflected intovv another direction than the electrons.
  • I provide metal screens or bales toward which the ions are deflected by' the magnetic field while the electrons continue their 4travel in anotherA direction.
  • the width of the velocitygspecftrum which is given free for the electrons by the deflection 4of the major portiongof the ions is determined by the constructionioigg'vtkllfeFv tube. For ions of other gases thankhfydrof gen this spectrum is located at still'r lowerA velocities.
  • FIG. 1 shows, partlydiagrammatically and in longitudinal section, a cascade arrangement of two electron tubes
  • Fig. 2 shows in larger scale and in longitudinal section the detail construction of the heated cathode of tube 1 in Fig. 1;
  • Fi 3u shows in larger scale and in longitu inal section the-separating device for the electrons and ions
  • Fi 3b shows a side elevation of the device m Fi 3a partly in section
  • Fig. 4 s ows a lurality of cascaded sections composing t e tube;
  • Fig. 5 shows a referred manner of connecting the indivi ual sections, and
  • Fig. 6 shows a modification of Fig. 4.
  • the discharge vessel consists of two glass bulbs 1 and 2 which are connected with one another by means of necks 3 and 4.
  • the bulbs are preferably placedunder an angle of 120o to each other since it is then possible to separate suliciently the tracks of the ions and electrons and since, on the other hand, the ends of the individual tubes arranged in cascade do /not come into an impermissibly close vicinity to each other se 'that an external arcover is liable to occur.
  • the necks contain at the points 5 and 6 an electrode each, the potential of which lies between that of the cathode 7 and the anode 8.
  • the electrodes 5 and 6 are formed by a small metal cylinder.
  • the terminals of the high voltage source 13 and 14 areconnected with the hot cathode 7 and the anode 8.
  • the source of high voltage is in the middle provided with a tap which is connected to the electrodes 5 and 6 and which carries a potential which is equal to half the value of the potential difference between the cathode 7 and the anode 8.
  • 15 A is a glass tube, which connects the @5 necks 3 and 4 of tubes 1 and 2, 16 are the specification ments of my pole shoes disposed on each side ofl tube15,
  • the screens serve to catch the positive ions.
  • a defeating device should be provided just behind the cathode, as shown' in Figs. 4 and 6, since in this way the cathode can be protected most effectively.
  • Fig. 4 an electron tube with cascaded sections is shown which, besides the deiecting device for the protection of the cathode, is
  • the cathode, .the intermediate electrode and the anode may be brought to the potential zero.
  • Fig. 5 of the drawings is illustrated the design of an electron (cathode-ray) tube composed of cascaded sections and according to my invention, which results in a particularly satisfactor arrangement composed of the individua tubes.
  • the individual sections of the casca e may be separately evacuated and transported, and thus at site only assembly 1s necessary.
  • 3 and 4 are again the endsof'the glass bulb necks of the usual evacuated'tubes already adjusted at site. They are separated by the glass partitions 24 and 25 and possess tubular extensions 26 and which are now fused together and provided with a lateral connection 27 by blowing.
  • the T stud 27 is connected to a high-vacuum pump by the pump branch 29 through the trap 28 for liquid air. During the pumping process the piece of tube 27 is heated to a temperature of about 500 C. The tube is then sealed at the capillary contraction 30. N ow the'glass walls 24 and 25 are destroyed. This may be effected by means of a piece of iron 31 which after the smashing o the glass is passed into the carbon bag 32 and then no longer obstructs the discharge path.
  • vAn electron. discharge device for high voltages wherein electrons and undesired positive ions are generated, com rising av plurality ofV individual tubes mec anically and electrically connected in series for d1- viding the ⁇ total voltage into a number of cascaded steps, and means for deflectin the positive ions and the electrons along dliferent paths, comprising the arrangement of the axes of adjacent tubes at an angle less than 180 Y to one another, and means. for producin in the apex of the angle a mag-l neticv iel in a direction parallel to a line bisecting said angle, for deiecting the ions and electrons into different aths.

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  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US419034A 1929-01-10 1930-01-07 Electron tube Expired - Lifetime US1911976A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE342865X 1929-01-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1911976A true US1911976A (en) 1933-05-30

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Family Applications (1)

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US419034A Expired - Lifetime US1911976A (en) 1929-01-10 1930-01-07 Electron tube

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1911976A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB342865A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL29433C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3031596A (en) * 1958-03-13 1962-04-24 Csf Device for separating electrons in accordance with their energy levels
US4713833A (en) * 1982-06-17 1987-12-15 Kevex Corporation X-ray source apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3031596A (en) * 1958-03-13 1962-04-24 Csf Device for separating electrons in accordance with their energy levels
US4713833A (en) * 1982-06-17 1987-12-15 Kevex Corporation X-ray source apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB342865A (en) 1931-02-12
NL29433C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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