US1911058A - Reenforced wall structure - Google Patents

Description

B. E. BUSHNELL 1,911,058

May 23, 1933.

REENFORGED WALL STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 28, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,Jr d l\l p 3 m Y\ W I u ri & INVENTOR A fi,E.flu5hneii M y 7 ATTORNEYS y 23, 1933- B. E. BUSHNELL REENFORCED WALL STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 28, 1951 3-Sheets-Shet 2' INVENTOR ATTO RN EYS May 23, 1933. B. E. BUSHNELL 1,911,058

REENFORCED WALL STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 28, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR Patented May 23, 1933 BYRON E. BUSHNELL, F

TAMPA, FLORIDA, A SSIGNOR TO INGALLS IRON WORKS 00.,

A CORPORATION OF ALABAMA REENFOROED WALL STRUCTURE Application filed January 28, 1931.

My invention relates to structures, such as storage bins, the side walls of which are sub jected to considerable outwardpressure from the loose bull: material therein. It is my object to secure the necessary side wall strength by the novel manner in which curved wall plates are incorporated in composite vertical beams especially designed to withstand the side wall stresses and to afford O marked economies in the manufacture and erection of such structures.

Vithout intending to limit my invention to structures for any particular use or purpose, the principles governing its design and the advantages resulting from the manner of its construction are especially apparent when applied to bins for the storage of granular materials, such as crushed stone, sand, pebble phosphate, and the like. I11 providing storage structures for such materials very large sums of money are being invested, it being common practice to erect a bin capable of receiving and protecting a capacity in excess of 20,000 long tons.

My invention contemplates the formation of side walls for such structures in vertical sections or panels utilizing elliptically or circularly curved plates, bent outward or inwards according to requirements, and combined with web or plate members carrying or connected to flanges so as to form vertical beams as component parts for the walls. The elements of each wall section and its beam members are assembled and consolidated into an economical structural unit by riveting, welding, or by any other available means of assemblage. This results in the production of composite vertical beams, the divergent curved wall plates or sections thereof forming one flange that is stressed in tension while the other flange is stressed in compression to generate a resistingmoment to sufficiently prevent the outward bending of the bin-walls.

Serial No. 511,719.

In other words, I form in part out of the walls beams of novel construction which stand on end and are thereby adapted both to support the roof'and also to resist the outward stresses upon the bin walls.

My invention further contemplates forming these beams and wall sections in units capable of being assembled in whole or in part at the plant and suitable for ready erection on the job. In its preferred design the upright beam section will comprise an inner flange portion, a web and an outer flange portion formed by one or more curved wall plates forming each a complete curved wall section or panel or any desirable vertical subdivision thereof. The Web and if desired the inner flange can be formed in whole or in part by the portions of the curved wall plates, or the web and inner flange maybe formed of reenforced concrete connected to the Wall plates so as to form a composite structure capable of resisting the calculated crosswbending and shear stresses. The composite upright beams incorporated in the curved plate Walls, as above described. may be held in position in a number of different ways common to structural design. For example, it may be supported at top and bottom, thus forming a beam to restrict outward bending throughout its entire length; or it may be supported additionally at one or more intermediate points, thus acting as a continuous beam; or it may be fixed at the bottom and supported at the top so as to act as a beam fixed at one endand supported at the other; or it may be fixed at the bottom and supported at the top or at one or more intermediate points, thus acting as a beam fixed at one end and continuous over several supports.

My invention further comprises the novel detailsof construction and the several arrangements of parts which are hereinafter more particularly described and claimed, and which are illustrated in the accompany- In DJ ing drawings which form a part of this specification, and in which Fig. 1 illustrates a storage bin embodying my invention in side elevation with its side walls formed by assembled outwardly curved wall plates.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken through one of the curved bin walls made up of assembled plates and showing the composite vertical beam construction in side elevation.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line IIIIII of Fig. 2 and showing one typical wall and beam section.

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate modifications in the design of the wall beam.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate further modifications of design in which curved wall plates are adapted themselves to form the webs and flanges of the vertical wall beams.

Fig. 8 shows an integral flanged wall plate such as is utilized in the composite wall beam structure shown in Fig. 7.

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, I show a bin structure suitable for storage of bulk material and elevated for the convenient discharge of its contents into railway cars on the tracks 10 under the bin. The bin is supported above the tracks by a series of columns 11 resting on suitable foundations and carrying girders 12 serving to support longitudinal I-beams 18 which in turn support the plates forming the bottom 14.- of the bin, which may be of any suitable construction and provided with any suitable discharge outlets or doors, which are not shown, as same form no part of my present invention.

The side walls of the bin are made. up of elliptically or circularly curved plates 15 which as shown have their convex face outward and each wall section may be formed of single plates or of a plurality of plates suitably connected together, according to the size and duty required of the storage structure. The lower end or section of each side wall section is curved inwardly at 16 in spherical fashion so that the bottom edge of the wall section will bear directly upon the bottom I-beam 13, as shown in Fig. 2, or on the bottom plates of the bin, as may be desired.

The side wall structure, as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, comprises the curved plates 15 which have their side edges riveted or welded to the outer edge of an interposed web plate 17 so as to form the equivalent of the outer flange of a vertical composite beam, the inner flange of which is formed by the angle 18 attached along the inner edge on opposite sides of the web plate and to which a channel 19, if desired, may be attached.

As shown in Fig. 2 the web plate 17 increases in width toward the bottom of the beam in accordance with the increase in the outward stresses it is called upon to withstand. These composite beams forming part of the side walls are suitably connected to and supported by the I-beams 13 and at their upper ends they support and are braced by the top transverse I-beains 20. These vertical beams also support a longitudinal I-beam 21 upon which rest supports 22 for the superstructure and roof 23. A suitable top plate 21 covers the curved side wall sections and it will be observed that the load stress of the roof and of material within the curved wall sections is transmitted directly to the columns 11. The I- beams 12 and 21 tie the vertical side wall beams together longitudinally and the I-beams 13 and tie them together transversely.

As illustrated in Fig. 3 the curved wall sections are formed by plates 15 continuous from the web plate 17 of one Wall beam to the web plate 17 of the adjacent wall beam, and in shop practice if desired the bin side wall can be made up in composite units, one comprising the parts 17, 18 and 19, and the other the assembled plates 15 forming wall sections, and the parts 17, 18 and 19 may have the plates 15 forming a wall section assembled therewith and shipped as a unit.

If desired, the pre-assembled parts for erecting the bin wall may consist of the parts 17, 18 and 19 as one unit, and of the parts 17, 18 and 19 with two diverging wall sections 15 connected thereto as the other unit. With the latter arrangement the units'will be set alternately and it will be only necessary on the job to rivet or weld the free ends of the curved wall sections 15 of one series of units to the interposed web plates of the other units.

In Fig. 4 I illustrate a modification showing the web element of the wall formed by an integral part 17a of the curved Wall plates 15 and this construction lends itself readily to unit assemblage at the plant since each pro-assembled unit will consist of the elements 19, 18, 17a and 15 and on the job it M would only be necessary to connect the free edge of the plates 15 to the adjacent Web plate section 17a.

In Fig. 5 I show a complete structure in which the side walls of the bin are formed by curved plates 15 combined with suitable reinforcements 25 and 26 about which is poured a concrete web 27 and a concrete flange 28 which will thus form a composite beam structure capable of resisting cross bending and shear stresses. The steel plates 15 will resist the tension strains, the reenforced concrete flange 28 will resist the compression strains and the reenforced concrete web 27 will resist the shear.

In like manner, referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the steel plates 15 will resist as to tension, the elements 18 and 19 will resist as to compression and the Webs 17 or 17a will resist as to shear.

In Fig. 6 I illustrate a. modification in which the wall units comprise transversely curved plates 15a and 156 which are riveted or welded at their free edges to form the curved or arcuate wall sections or panels, each plate having its flange 17a or 176 extended sufliciently to form the web of the beam, the abutting flanges 17a or 176 being riveted or welded together as shown, and having their end edges outturned to form the flanges 18a and 186 which in turn are riveted or Welded to the I-beams 28.

In Fig. 7 the same construction is shown as in Fig. 6, except that the plates 15a and 156 are formed in one unit as the plate 29 which is shown in detail in Fig. 8. These curved wall plates whether integral or assembled may be preassembled at the plant to form units of wall construction comprising any desired combination of their respective component parts.

Though I have described with great particularity the details of the embodiment of the invention herein shown, it is not to be construed that I am limited thereto, as changes in arrangement and substitution of equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is 1. A structure of the character described having side walls subjected to lateral stresses and formed by a plurality of vertically disposed curved units, the side edges of each adjacent pair of wall units being joined to a vertical web element having flanges disposed and adapted to complete a composite wall and beam construction.

2. A structure of the character described having its marginal side walls divided vertically into a plurality of sections formed by outwardly deflected wall plates, and means to provide a composite vertical beam located adjacent to the junction of, and formed in part by each pair of adjacent side wall sections, and adapted to function as a marginal moment and shear resisting structure unit.

3. A structure of the character described having its marginal side walls subdivided into vertical outwardly convex panels, and elements so associated with the adjacent panels as to form therewith vertical marginally disposed composite beams designed and adapted to withstand by flexural and shear resistance the contemplated lateral wall stresses.

4. A structure of the character described having its side walls formed by a sequence of transversely curved wall plates, narrow marginal vertical beam web members to the outer edge of each of a pair of which said Wall plates are connected so as to form one beam flange, and elements associated with the inner edge of said web members to form the other beam flange.

5. A structure of the character described having its marginal side walls formed by a sequence of vertical sections each comprising outwardly curved wall plates, and composite vertical marginal wall beams for withstanding the lateral stresses on said side walls formed in part by said wall plates stressed in tension and in part by narrow beam webs having inner flanges stressed in compression, said stresses being imposed in accordance with fleXural principles responsive to the webs resistance to horizontal and vertical shear.

6. A structure of the character described having opposite marginal side walls formed by a series of vertical transversely curved wall sections, a vertical web member of a marginal composite beam connecting adjacent curved sections, a flange on said web member to complete the beam, and suitable cross tie members connecting opposite composite beams.

7. A structure of the character decribed having marginal side walls formed by a series of vertical transversely curved wall sections, vertical web members to each of which divergent wall sections are attached to serve as a beam flange, flanges attached to the other vertical web edge, and means to support and cross brace opposite wall plates and their associated composite beams.

8. A structure of the character described having marginal side walls formed in vertical sections by transversely curved wall plates which are connected at their adjacent edges, the plates of one wall section being extended beyond the junction line to form a vertical beam Web, and a flange provided at the free edge of said web to complete a composite marginal wall beam.

9. A structure according to claim 8, in which the plate extension from the beam web widens downwardly to increase the capacity of the composite vertical wall beams to withstand lateral stresses.

10. A continuous wall construction consisting wholly of a series of transversely arched plates in combination with web plates and flanges, assembled to form a composite beam and wall structure capable of resisting cross bending and shearing stresses.

11. A steel bin having continuous side Walls formed of vertically disposed connected units, each unit comprising a transversely curved wall plate, a flange, and a web element associated with said plate and flange and adapted to form a marginal series of vertical composite beams when said units are assembled in a side wall, which units are adapted to resist the outward forces exerted by the bin contents by flexure and shear.

12. In a structure having its side Wall subjected to lateral pressure, a system of curved wall plates adapted to form vertical trans- Versely curved sections of said Wall, and reenforced concrete web and flange elements located marginally about the structure and connected to said plates at the junction of said wall sections and adapted in conjunction with said wall plates to form marginal composite vertical wall beams adapted by fiexural and shear resistance to withstand the outward wall stresses.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

BYRON E. BUSHNELL.

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