US1902002A - Mercury vapor anode - Google Patents
Mercury vapor anode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1902002A US1902002A US560476A US56047631A US1902002A US 1902002 A US1902002 A US 1902002A US 560476 A US560476 A US 560476A US 56047631 A US56047631 A US 56047631A US 1902002 A US1902002 A US 1902002A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- packing
- tube
- mercury vapor
- insulator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J13/00—Discharge tubes with liquid-pool cathodes, e.g. metal-vapour rectifying tubes
- H01J13/02—Details
- H01J13/04—Main electrodes; Auxiliary anodes
- H01J13/16—Anodes; Auxiliary anodes for maintaining the discharge
- H01J13/18—Cooling or heating of anodes
Definitions
- This invention relates to anodes for mercury vapor rectiliers.
- anodes for rectiiiers of high current intensity it is important to transfer the energy communicated to the anode by the arc.
- the heat ot the anode is drawn oi by radiation and conduction, radiation vacting primarily towards the interior of the container of the rectiiier, while conduction nearly always takes place outwards through the bolt.
- the latter mode of heat transmission heats the entire upper portion of the anode. and above all the packing of the anodes.
- the heating of theI anode packing is especially objectionable for the operation of the rectifier.
- the principal object of the invention is to retain the insulator and packing of such anodes in cool state.
- the overheating of the anode packing is reduced as much as possible in the ollowingvmanner.
- a division is produced of the heat transmitted from the anode outwards into two streams in such manner as to oppose a great resistance to the heat stream coming in contact with the anode packing, the heat being at the samel time transmitted well by radiation and conduction to the air, while for the other stream of heat which does not come in contact with the packing good thermal conductivity is provided, there being at the same time good transmission of heat by radiation and conduction to the exterior.
- l is the head of the anode, Q the anode insulator, 3 the wall of the rectifier vessei, 4 the inner packing, 4a the outer packing, the said inner packing being particularly subject to become overheated.
- 5 is an outer tube of low thermal conductivity situated against the packing 4, and 6 is an inner tube located within and concentrically with the tube 5.
- the tube 5 is made as thin as possible, and its upper ends is in relatively good communication with the outside atmosphere by means of any suitable radiator 8, whereby a great drop of 560,476, and in Switzerland .Tune 27, 1930.
- the inner tube 6 consists of a material providing good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.
- the inner tube 6 consists of a material providing good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.
- the said resulting air current is es peciallyeffective for the cooling of the packing 4, as the latter is swept by the entering cool air, and in the above manner the heat of the insulator 2 and the entire anode is transferred outwardly by the convection of the resulting air current.
- a vapor anode having therefor a cylindrical insulator, a tube of low thermal conductivity located within said insulator, a tube of high thermal conductivity located within said tube, and leaving an air convecting space between the tubes leading to the exterior atmosphere, and said high conductivity tube having its bore leading to the exterior atmosphere and in its wall a passageway joining the inner spaces of both of said tubes.
- a vapor anode having therefor a cylindrical insulator, a walled structure within said insulator including an internal chamber connecting with the exterior atmosphere and a chamber surrounding said former chamber connecting with the exterior atmosphere, said chambers being in intercommunication, and said structure including material of various thermal conduotivities to cause through convection a stream of air to be drawn into said surrounding chamber toward the walls of the insulator ⁇ and to be expelled through said internal chamber.
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- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Description
Filed Aug. 3l, 1931 I INVENTOR Maz Wl/ader A ORNEY Patented Mar. 21, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MAX WELLAUER, 0F OERLIKON, NEAR ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, i' ASSIGNOR TO SWITZERLAND MERCURY VAPOR AN ODE Application filed August 31, 1931, Serial No.
This invention relates to anodes for mercury vapor rectiliers. In anodes for rectiiiers of high current intensity it is important to transfer the energy communicated to the anode by the arc. The heat ot the anode is drawn oi by radiation and conduction, radiation vacting primarily towards the interior of the container of the rectiiier, while conduction nearly always takes place outwards through the bolt. The latter mode of heat transmission heats the entire upper portion of the anode. and above all the packing of the anodes. The heating of theI anode packing is especially objectionable for the operation of the rectifier.
The principal object of the invention, therefore, is to retain the insulator and packing of such anodes in cool state.
Other objects and advantages will hereinafter appear. f
In carrying out the invention, the overheating of the anode packing is reduced as much as possible in the ollowingvmanner. A division is produced of the heat transmitted from the anode outwards into two streams in such manner as to oppose a great resistance to the heat stream coming in contact with the anode packing, the heat being at the samel time transmitted well by radiation and conduction to the air, while for the other stream of heat which does not come in contact with the packing good thermal conductivity is provided, there being at the same time good transmission of heat by radiation and conduction to the exterior.
The accompanying drawing shows a crosssectional view of an embodiment of an anode of this invention. n
l is the head of the anode, Q the anode insulator, 3 the wall of the rectifier vessei, 4 the inner packing, 4a the outer packing, the said inner packing being particularly subject to become overheated. 5 is an outer tube of low thermal conductivity situated against the packing 4, and 6 is an inner tube located within and concentrically with the tube 5. The tube 5 is made as thin as possible, and its upper ends is in relatively good communication with the outside atmosphere by means of any suitable radiator 8, whereby a great drop of 560,476, and in Switzerland .Tune 27, 1930.
temperature takes places necessarily along the tube 5, causing the adjacent packing 4 to remain relatively cool. The inner tube 6 consists of a material providing good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. On account of the difference of temperatures between the tubes 5, 6 there results an air current, cool air flowing in from above through the outer circular channel between the two tubes, as shown by the arrow, and lowing outwardly and upwardly through the inner tube 6 and through passageways 7 formed in the latter tube. The said resulting air current is es peciallyeffective for the cooling of the packing 4, as the latter is swept by the entering cool air, and in the above manner the heat of the insulator 2 and the entire anode is transferred outwardly by the convection of the resulting air current.
Variations may be resorted to within thek scope of the invention, 'and portions of the improvements may be used without others.
Having thus described the invention, I claim l. A vapor anode having therefor a cylindrical insulator, a tube of low thermal conductivity located within said insulator, a tube of high thermal conductivity located within said tube, and leaving an air convecting space between the tubes leading to the exterior atmosphere, and said high conductivity tube having its bore leading to the exterior atmosphere and in its wall a passageway joining the inner spaces of both of said tubes.
2. A vapor anode having therefor a cylindrical insulator, a walled structure within said insulator including an internal chamber connecting with the exterior atmosphere and a chamber surrounding said former chamber connecting with the exterior atmosphere, said chambers being in intercommunication, and said structure including material of various thermal conduotivities to cause through convection a stream of air to be drawn into said surrounding chamber toward the walls of the insulator` and to be expelled through said internal chamber.
Signed at Zurich, Switzerland, June 23d,
MAX WELLAUER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1902002X | 1930-06-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1902002A true US1902002A (en) | 1933-03-21 |
Family
ID=4566724
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US560476A Expired - Lifetime US1902002A (en) | 1930-06-27 | 1931-08-31 | Mercury vapor anode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1902002A (en) |
-
1931
- 1931-08-31 US US560476A patent/US1902002A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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