US1901610A

US1901610A - Burner for heavy oil

Info

Publication number: US1901610A
Application number: US411643A
Authority: US
Inventors: Pizzi Decio
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1929-10-14
Filing date: 1929-12-04
Publication date: 1933-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 1950-03-14

Description

Patented Mar. 14, 1933 UNITED STATES DECIO PIZZI, OF BARCELONA, SPAIN BURNER FOR HEAVY OIL Application filed December 4, 1928, Serial No. 411,643, and in Spain October 14, 1929.

This invention relates to a burner for heavy oilin which the oil is evaporated by heating.

Burners for heavy oil are known in which 5 'the fuel is evaporated on an eva orator having an inclined surface ke t t by heat produced by the burning o the oil. This method of heating the evaporating surface is open to the objection that the fuel is not properly evaporated so that the combustion is incomplete resulting in smoke and loss of therm1c efliciency.

In the known burners the air for combustion arrives directly on the surface of the evaporator in cold condition thereby considerably coolin same so that a greater amount of heat is necessary to maintain it at the necessary temperature for bringing the air to the desired temperature.

The object of this invention is to utilize for the evaporation of the fuel, which is heavy oil with a density varying between 0.820 and 0.890, a system which guarantees the complete evaporation of the fuel and permits a preheating of the air for combustion.

The apparatus according to the invention consists of two burners, a large main burner with a small auxiliary burner arranged thereunder.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanyini drawing in which ig. 1 is a section on line 1- 1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 shows the burner in top plan view.

The burner consists of a cylindrical casing 1 having an aperture 2 on one side through which a cup shaped element 3 is inserted, this aperture being closed by a cover 11. This cup has a cylindrical wall 4 provided ,with perforations 5 adapted to allow the assage of air to the interior of the cup. he bottom of the cup is domed and forms an evaporator plate 6 with concentric ledges 7 a channel 8 being formed between the lowest ledge and the wall of the cup. An. overflow 9 leads from the wall 4 to a siphon 10 which allows the fuel to pass off but not the air.

' A box frame 12.is arranged on the bottom of the casing 1 on which frame the fan housing 13 is mounted. In this housing. 13 a fan 14 is mounted and driven by an electric motor 15. The air is blown through an aperture 16 into the box frame 12 from which it passes into the casing 1 through passages 17 in the bottom thereof. On the inner side of the cylindrical wall of the casing 1 projections 20 are provided for a partition plate 19 which rests on said projections 20, having a central aperture the edge of which corresponds with the diameter of the cylindrical wall- 4 of the cup, thus forming a compartment 18 in the casin 1.

A passage 30 is left free between the p ate 19 and the casing 1. The partition plate 19 carries near its circumference supports 21 on which the main evaporator 22 rests, the upper surface of this main eva orator being domed and also provided w1th concentric' ledges 31. The main evaporator 22 has a central extension'40 terminating near the uppermost point of the evaporating plate 6, sothat an annular chamber 23 is formed between the under surface of the main evapo- -rator 22 and the upper surface of the partition plate 19. This extension 40 has avertical passage 37 open at the bottom end and communicating with an aperture 36 in the uppermost point of the main evaporator 22.

A conical cover 26 isplaced on the upper edge of the cylindrical wall of the casing 1 and forms a combustionchamber 25 between its inner surface and the upper surface of the main evaporator 22.

The upper edge of the casing 1 is chamfered towards the outer side and the lower edge of the cover 26 is correspondingly chamfered towards the inner side so that a tight closure 28 is formed between the casing and the cover, which latter is held. securely in position by clamps 29. Between the inner surface of the chamfered portion of the cover and the outer surface of the 95 supports 21 an annular passage 24 forms a communication between the combustion chamber 25 and the chamber 23.

An aperture 27 is provided at the top of the cover 26 to allow the passage of the I flame from the combustion chamber 25. A tube 34 extends through an aperture in the cover 26 to a point near the apex of the main evaporator 22 and directly above the aperture 36 therein. This tube supplies fuel to the main evaporator 22 and through the tube 37 to the auxiliary evaporating plate 6. The tube 34 is held in position by means of an elbow joint 32 pivoted at 33. The fuel supply is regulate by means of a tap 39 As will be seen from the foregoin the device is composed oftwo burners, t at is to say a smal auxiliary burner laced below a larger main burner. Bot burners consist of an eva orator with an inclined surface over whic the heavy oil flows the oil distributing itself on the ledges of the conical surfaces of both evaporators. At the same time a current of warmed air is made to circulate, by means of an electric fan, in the opposite direction to that of the descending fuel.

The auxiliary burner maintains at a constant temperature the surface of the evaporator of the main burner. Thus uniform evaporation is ensured, both when the apparatus is full on and when it is working with the minimum amount oi fuel. The auxiliary burner is automatically fed with fuel from the same source as the main burner. Finally the auxiliary burner serves as an igniter to start up the apparatus.

The apparatus works in the following manner.

A small quantity of benzine is introduced into the channel 8 of the cup 3 and i nited. The cup 3 is then inserted through t e aperture until it is directly under the aperture in the centre of the partition plate 19, and the cover 11 bears ti htly against the wall of the casing 1. The fan 14 is started up and the air entering the chamber 18 passes through the perforations 5 into the cup 3 and supports the combustion of the lighted benzine in the channel 8, causes the flame to rise through chamber 23 and passage 2% until it arrives in the combustion chamber 25. This flame heats the auxiliary evaporator 6 and the main eva orator 22. Immediately after starting the an, the supply of heavy oil can be graduated by means of the tap 39. The fuel passing through the tube 34 arrives at the elbow 33 which is adapted to the surface 32 so that a portion of the fuel flows over the ledges 31 and the remainder passes through the aperture 36 and the pipe 37 and spreads over the ledges 7 of the evaporator 6. 7

As both the auxiliary evaporator 6 and the main evaporator 22 are heated by the benzine flame, the fuel spread over their ledges evaporates, and is ignited by this same flame.

The evaporated fuel burns over the auxiliary evaporator 6 combustion being supported by the air introduced from the fan 14 which enters the cup through the perforations 5. This air drives the flame throu h the auxiliary combustion chamber 23 and t e annular passage 27 into the main. combustion chamber 25 maintaining the evaporator 22 at a constant temperature. Further, this flame maintains ignited the vapour which forms above this evaporator 22 and also heats the cylindrical wall 4 of the cup 3 and the partition plate 19. The air impelled by the fan enters the distribution chamber 18 and, on coming in contact with the cylindrical wall 4 and the partition plate 19, is heated in turn.

A portion of the air thus heated then passes through the perforations 5 into the cup 3 and maintains combustion of the vapour produced on the evaporator 3 and the other portion passes through the assage 30 to maintain t e combustion of tie vapour produced over the evaporator 22.

The air impelled by the ventilator passes through the assage 30 and becomes intimately mired with the flame, so that the vapour of the fuel in the combustion chamber 25 also mixes intimately and thus llll. sures complete combustion.

The flame produced emerges through the aperture 27 with great force, and it is quite practicable to direct this flame by means of a efiector, in a vertical, oblique or horizontal direction, according to the angle at which the deflector is placed. v

. Ti for any reason the amount of fuel which enters the ap aratus exceeds the rate of combustion ro need in the same, and consequentl t e fuel does not evaporate or burn over t e evaporator 22, it will fall onto the partition plate 19, and from this plate it will collect in the channel 8 from which it flows ofi through the overflow tube 9 and the siphon 10. T us it will be possible to accurately ascertain from the outside, if the amount of fuel that is passin through the feed tap 39 is excessive in w ich case this tap must be regulated accordingly. To render the apparatus inoperative, it is only necessar to shut ofi the supply of fuel and air by c osing the tap 39 and stopping the fan 14.

There are no risks of explosion attached to this device, because only a small accumulation of fuel can take place without there being a flame in the burner, and therefore all the vapour that is formed is inevitably ignited as it is produced, thus avoiding all danger of explosion.

The construction and operation of the device are both extremely simple. It does not require any supervision and can be employed in all homes for domestic purposes or in small works, either for indoor or outdoor use. The flame is capable of being directed vertically, obliquely, or horizontally, as reto ide the fuel from said supp quired, and the electric fan is installed independently below the burner.

I claim:

1. A burner for heavy oil, comprising in combination a cylindrical casing having a plate across one end thereof, spaced apertures in said plate, a blower mounted under said casin operable to force air through the apertures in said plate, an aperture in said casing, a removable cup shaped element having an annular channel adapted to be filled with light oil for starting u the burner and.

to be inserted through sai last mentioned aperture into said casing supports on the inner wall of said casing, a circular artition plate resting on said supports and aving a central afperture corresponding to the diameter o ment, supports on said partition plate, a main evaporator resting onsaid supports, a cover resting on the edge of said casing having an aperture for the esca of the flame and a second aperture latera 'ly to the flame escapement aperture, a fuel supply tube extending through the second aperture of said cover to the centre of said main evaporator a vertical passage extending through sai main evaporator and terminating at a short distance above the bottom of said cupshaped element, and a tap at the outer end of said fuel supply tube to regulate the supply of fuel to said evaporator.

2. A burner as s ecified in claim 1 in which the cup-shape element has apertures in its wall to allow the passage 'of air to the auxiliary evaporator.

3. A burner as s ecified in claim 1 in which the main an auxiliary evaporators are provided with concentric ledges adapted to uniformly distribute the fuel.

4. A burner as specified in claim 1 in 4 which a passage is provided between the casing and the partition plate for the supply of air to the main evaporator. 5. A burner. as specified in claim 1, comprising in combination with the casing, an

overflow pipe connected at one end to said cup shaped element to lead ofi excess fuel supplied to said cup shaped element, and a cover at the end of said overflow pipe adapted to determine the position of said cup shaped element and to close the aperture in said casing after the insertion of said cup shaped element.

' 6. A burner as specified in claim 1, comprising in combination with said fuel su ply pipe and said vertical pi e, an elbow oint on the inner end of sai "fuel supply pipe y pipe to sai vertical pipe.

In testimony wherof I afiix my si ature.

DECIO P I.

the wall of said cup shaped elev