US1898713A - Heat exchange device and method of making the same - Google Patents

Description

Feb 2 N33 w. H. CARRIERE AL. 39898313 HEAT EXCHANGE-DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Dec. 26,v 1930 Patented Feb. 2l, 1933` .UNITED s'rATEs PATE-.Nin ori-ICE WILLIS H. CARRIER, Ol' ESSEX FELLS,|NEW JERSEY, AND EDWARD S. EEA, OF IOBBIB- i PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS," BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T CARRIER 'BE- smncn eonrona'r JEasE'Y oN, or NEWEEx, NEW JERSEY, A eonEoEarIoN or' NEW naar ExciIANeE DEvIcE AND NE'rnon on MAKING THE sami' f' Application led December 28, 1980. Serial No. 504,678.

This invention relates to heat exchange dep vices, such as steam radiators or heaters, of`

I the sort which comprise a core or body having fluid passages for the steam or other temperature changing medium, usually provided with projecting radiating fins or plates, and one or more headers with whichthe fluid passages connect, and by which the lseveral passages of thel core communicate with vthe pipe or pipes for the supply and, discharge of the steam or other medium to and from said passages.

More particularly, the invention relates to an -improved construction and method of making the `same, for radiators or heaters 1n which the fluid passages and the radiating fins or plates are madeof relatively thin steel,

orother metal which is apt to corrode or rust if not properly protected, and in which the headers or elements with which the fluid passages connect are made with walls of sulfficient thickness to withstand high steam' pressures and the ravages ofy corrosion or rust.

Steam radiators or heaters have been made in which the core. or body of finned Huid passages is built up of a multiplicity of thin,

spaced sheets or plates, each having holes therethrough surrounded by integral flanges or nipples projecting from one side of the sheet or plate, the projectin flanges or niples of the .several plates' ing nested or Etted tightly and brazed one within another so that the nipples or lian s thus fitted and secured together forni the -uid passages, and the plates form extended radiating fins or I surfaces projectin out from the walls ofthe lluid passages o the radiator or heater. Such radiators or heaters have been made of thin steel sheets, the nested, tapering nipples of which are brazed together by means of copper which .is melted at a high tem erature y in a hydrogen atmosphere. This met od producesv good bonds between the interfitting nipples forming the fluid passages, but the interlor surfaces of these passages are not adequately protected against corrosion or rusting and it has been foundpnecessary, in order to insure long lifes of the radiators or heaters to line the passages with thin tubes of a non-corrodible metal, such as lead,

which leadv tubes are drawn throu h the iiuid passages and extruded or expan ed tightly against the interior surfaces of the passages. Difficulty has also been found in making joints or connections between the thin Walls of the fluid passages and headers that will reliably withstand hi h steam ressures.

The present invention provi es a practical construction and method for joining radiator or heater cores of the type last mentioned to the head s and preventing corrosion of the parts. owever, the invention is not necessarily restricted to radiators or heaters in which the Huid passages are 'built up ras explained, by interconnected flanges 4or nipples of the thin-lin plates, but .is also applicable tordevices of other construction, for instance to devices involving thin, sin le-piece or continuous tubes, similarly line to a header or the linin stand thellned Walls and prevent the possi ility of leakage of steam or moisture `between the linings andthe passage walls so as to cause corrosion or rusting of the walls.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a practical method for making strong,

durable and reliable joints between the elements of heat exchange devices and hermetically sealingthe joints between the walls and wal linings of the devices; also to improve heat exchange 'devices and the method ofmaking same in theother respects hereinafter described and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing:

Flg. 1 1s a sectional elevation of a steaml heater embodyin our invention.

Fig. 2 is a -agmentary side elevation thereof. v

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary, sectional plan view thereof on line 3-3, Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail section shewing the fer-rule connections between one head- 'er and body at one end of the heater.

\Referriiligfirst to the construction il1ustrated in igs. 1 to 4, the coreor finned tube body of the radiator or heater is composed of a plurality of relatively closely spaced radiating plates 10, each of which plates is provided with a plurality of holes surrounded by flanges or nipples 11 integral with the plate, projecting from one side of the plate. These anges 11 are slightly tapered or coni-A cal and the flanges of one plate fit tightly into the flanged holes of the next plate so that when the gether the interhtting fianges form continuous tubes or passages surrounded by the plates which project laterally from the tubes or passages and form extended radiating fins or surfaces. The joints between the intertting flanges 11 are preferably brazed'by means of copper in a hydrogen atmosphere, as explained. Preferably the tubes or passages thus formed are arranged in two or more rows with the tubes in one row staggered with reference to the tubes in the 4next row, and the tubes are preferably elongated or elliptical in cross section, as shown.

12 and 13 represent opposite or supply and discharge headers connected to the opposite ends of the finned tubes. These headers are preferably alike and each is composed of thick-walled, inner and outer portions or sections 14 and 15, which may-be made of steel. The inner section of the header 12 is provided with integral, inwardly projecting flanges or nipples 16 into which the ends of the nipples on the adjacent fin plate are pressed and ,brazed by the same operation lthat is employed to press and braze together the fianges of the several plates. The walls of the header are of suflicient thickness to withstand high steam pressure and also to insure long life under usual conditions of corrosion, and are thicker than the sheets of which the core is composed, but the internal dimensions and shape of the inturned nipples 16 of the header corres ond to the external dimen'- sions and taper o the nipples of the fin plates so that the ends of the tubes or fluid passages formed thereby properly fit the nipples of the header. The header is 4preferably lbrazed on the ends ofthe tubes in the same manner and at the saine time so that the flan d tin plates are brazed to each other.

e inner section or portion 14 of the opposite header 13 is of the same form and has similar inwardly projecting nipples or ilanges 16 forming tapered holes, but since. the fin plate nearest to' this header has no iian or nipples projectin toward the hea er, a separate ferrule or s eeve 17 is emr. ployed to connect leach of the core tubes or passages with this second header 13. Each of these ferrules 17 is preferably of double tapered or double conical form and has thin walls corresponding` ness, dimensions an taper to the flanges o n lates are thus secured to` substantially in thickjecting ends of the ferrule 17 are ada ted tov fity into .and be brazed in the flanged ole of the second header 13 in the manner above described in connection with the hole anges on .the first iin plate.

After the inner sections or portions of the headers have thus been brazed or attached to the opposite ends of the core tubes or passages, thin tubes 18, preferably of lead, are drawn through the tubes or passages of the core and expanded against the inner surfaces of'the tubes or passages so as to tightly lit ad conform to the same and to be extruded into all recesses. The projecting ends 18d of the lining tubes are then turned or folded over the inwardly projecting iiangesl of the headers and tightly against the outer surfaces of flanges 16. The joints between these turned-over ends 18a of the lining tubes and the headerflanges 16 are then hermetically sealed, preferably by solder, shown at 19. The inwardly projecting flanges 16 and the peri heral walls 20 of the headers form wells or epressions so that by placing the core with headers attached in an upri ht osition with one header uppermost an horizontal, depressions are provided in the uppermost header in which the solder can be placed, and then by heating the header to the required temperature, 'the solder will flow andfuse to the overturned ends of the lining tubes and form hermetic or steam-tight joints between the tube .linings and the headers, whichwill prevent steam or moisture from entering between the linings and the walls of the tubes through vwhich the linings pass. The joints between the opposite headerand the adjacent ends of the lining tubes are similarly sealed by turning the core upside down and lacing the solder in the then uppermost hea er. v

The outer sections or -portions 14 of the headers can be welded/or brazed to the inner portions 15 in the usual or any suitable manner.

In the construction described, the radiating tubes may be made of thin sheet metal or Ametal which may corrode or rust, but the linings sealed to the headers, as explained,

p'event the possibilit of moisture gettingv tween the linings an the walls of thetubes so as to reachand attack the metal o f the tubes. There is no strain upon these lining elements, the brazed joints between the ends isoV las

rounded by an integral wall'llange projecting into said header, a passage-forming ele, ment rigidly secured in said hole, a lining of' non-corrodible material extending through said element and having its end portion turnedover said inwardly projecting Harige, and a body of material hermetically sealing the joint between the end' of said lining and said header llange.

2. A heat exchange device comprising a header having a hole in a wall thereof sur-v rounded by `an integral wall flange project-` ing into said header, a passage-forming element rigidly secured insaid hole, a lining of non-corrodible material extending through said element and having its end portion turned over said inwardly projecting flange, and a body of metal into which the end of said lining extends and which is fused to said end and header wall and seals the joint between the end of said lining and said header flange.

' 3. Aheat exchange device comprising an element having a relatively thick wall provided with a hole surrounded by an integral wall flange, a hollow element having relatively thin walls of corrodible metal forming a lluidpassage and fitting in said hole and brazed to said flange, a corrosion-resisting metal lining extending through said hollow element, and a body of metal into which the end of said lining extends and which is fused to said end and to saidthick wall and seals the joint between the end of said'lining and said flange. j

4. A heat exchangedevice comprising an element having a relatively thick wall of corrodible metal provided with al holetherethrough, an element having relatively thin walls of corrodible metal formin a luid passage and litting in said -hole an` brazed to said thick wall, a corrosion-resisting metal lining said fluid passage, and a Abod-y of metal into which the end of said lining extends and which is fused to said end and to said thick wall and seals the joint between the lining and the walls of said passage.

5. A heat exchange device comprisin body composed of` spaced relativel t 'n plates havlng holes surrounded by anges, the flanges of the several plates fitting and being secured one within another thereb forming luid passages, a relatively thic walled header having holes surrounded 'byV llanges in which the flan es at one end of said body are rigidly secure a second similarly flanged header at the opposite end of said body, and -ferrules ittmgll and brazed in the anges of said second eader and of the adjacent body plate.

6. A heat exchange device comprising a body composed of spacedplates having holes surrounded by `flanges, the flanges of the several plates fitting and being brazed one within another thereby forming fluid passages,

headers at opposite ends of said body, each having holes surrounded by inwardly pro-' jectin flan es, the flanges of the plate at one end o said ody fitting and being brazed inthe flanges of one of said headers, and ferirules fitting and being brazed inthe langesv o said other header and of the adjacent body ate.

P 7. A heat exchange device comprising a body having spaced relatively thinradiatingl plates of metal and fluid passages formed by connected integral parts of said plates, the

passage-forming `parts, of the plate at one end of said body projecting outwardly from said plate, a header having walls of eater thickness than said plates and provi ed with holes surrounded byv inwardly projecting flanges in which said passa -forming parts of said end late are secure a second similar header `at t e opposite end of said body, ferrules secured in thel'langed holes of said second header and entering and secured in the adjacent ends of said fluid passages, said passages being lined with corrosion-resisting metal, and solder` sealing the joints between the ends of said linings and the walls of said passages at their o posite ends.

8. The method o making a heat exchange Adevice formed with a radiating body having spaced thin plates of metal and iluid passages formed by connected integral 'parts of said plates, and headers having relatively thicker walls and communicating with the opposite ends of'said fluid passages, said method consisting in forming holes in the walls of said headers surrounded by integral wall flanges, brazing the passage-forming parts at one end of said body in the flanged holes of one header, brazing ferrules in the flanged holes of the other header and in the adjacent ends of said fluid passages, lining said fluid passages with a corrosion-resisting metal, andsealing l the joints between thel ends of. said linin and said fluid passages by solder fused to the, ends of the linings and the adjacent walls of the headers.

9. The method of making al heat exchange device formed with afradiating body having spaced thin plates o f metal -and iluid passages formed Lby connected integral parts of said plates, and headers having relatively thicker 5 walls and communicating with the opposite ends of said fluid passages, said method consisting in =forming holes inthe walls of said headers surrounded by integral wall ilanges, brazing the passage-forming parts at one end of said body in the flanged holes of one header, brazing ferrules in the flanged holes of the other header and in the adjacent lends of said fluid passages, inserting seamless lining tubes of a 'corrosion-resisting metal inA said iuid passages, extruding said lining tubes into close contact with the walls of s id iiuid passages,turning the ends of said limng tubes over the ends of said hole flanges of the head-J ers, and formn bodies of solder in said headers fused to t e ends of said lining tubes and to said headers to seal the joints between the lining tubes and the walls of said fluid.`

passages.

a WILLIS H. CARRIER. EDWARD S. LEA.-

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