US1896759A - Composition for removing carbon deposits - Google Patents

Description

Patented Feb. 7, 1933 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES A. THOMAS AND cannon.

A. HOCHWALT, OF DAYTON, OHIO, A SSIGNORS TO THOMAS &: HOCHWALT LABORATORIES, INC., 0F DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING cannon DEPOSITS Ho Drawing.

This invention relates to compounds for removing carbon deposits such as are formed in internal combustion engine cylinders.

One of the principal objects of this invention is to provide a superior composition which is unusually effective in removing such deposits. I

' Another object of the invention is to provide such a composition for removing such carbon deposits which is quite cheap, has a relatively high boiling point, and has no objectionable deleterious effects upon metal parts with which it comes in contact, such as the cylinder of an internal combustion en ine.

till another object of the invention is to provide a composition of this character which serves to maintain the loosened carbon deposits within an engine cylinder in a condition such as to prevent rattling of the loosened deposits or other objectionable results upon restarting of the engine.-

Other objects and advantages of the invention willbe apparent from the following description and appended claims.

Carbon deposits such as are formed in internal combustion engines are foundto consist primarily of the following ingredients: (1) road dust which consists principally of silica; (2) lubricating oil resulting from seepage past the piston rings; (3) graphitic carbon which results primarily from crackin of the gasoline andlubricating oil; and (4% oxidized lubricating oil which results from the oxidation of the ordinary lubricating oil which has seeped past the piston rings,

. number of complex and undetermined this oil being oxidized at the high temperatures present in the cylinder and in the presence of oxygen of the fuel mixture. The oxidized lubricating oil, which comprises a compounds of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, forms a resistant hinder or cement which binds the road dust and graphiticcarbon together to hold them tightly onto the cylin der head, the piston top, and other portions confining the combustion space.

Various solvents, such as alcohol and benzol, which for purposes of description are hereinafter termed varnish removing sol- Application filed October 3,

halogen, such as ,ing at least one effective carbon removing compounds.

1929. Serial No. 397,144.

hydrocarbons, have a superior solvent action upon this binder; 'For example, we have discovered that the chlorinated naphthalenes, C H CI in which a2 represents the number of substituted chlorine atoms, are very eflective carbon removers. Thus monochlornaphthalene, either alpha or beta, C H OI, which is an aromatic organic compound containing twobenzene rings this character. We have discovered that other aromatic hydrocarbons containing at least one benzene ring having a substituted the chlor-benzene compounds O H CI and the brome-benzene compounds, C H Br are excellent carbon removers, such for example as phenyl chloride O H OI and the dichlorbenzenes C l-L01 Other compounds in this classification containing at least one benzene ring and having a substituted halogen, in which some of the other hydrogen atoms of the benzene nucleus have been substituted by radicals, such as a methyl radical, or phenyl radical are also effective carbon removers. For example, the halogenated toluencs such uene C H CH CI, the halogenated xylenes such as monochlor-xylene C H (CH Cl,

and the halogenated dibenzenes such aschlordiphenyl (OJ-19 015, satisfy the requlrements of carbon removing compounds in accordance with this invention.

Other halogenated hydrocarbons containbenzene ring, which have a side chain including a substituted halogen in the side chain, we have discovered to be For example, benzal chloride O H CHOl and henzyl chloride O H OH Ol, in which the chlorine atom is, oratoms are, connected to the side chain, are good carbon removers.

as monochlor-tolhaving one substituted halogen, is an excellent compound of Certain of the halogenated hydrocarbons mentioned, such as some of the chlorinated naphthalenes, and dichlorbenzenes, are solids at ordinary temperatures. In order to place these compounds in a suitable form for use and to make their application easy and more effective, these compounds are preferably dissolved in suitable varnish removing certain of the pounds for this purpose.

This is quite important, for

solvents, such as various alcohols, ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, benzene, and the like. A very satisfactory varnish removing solvent for this purpose is a mixture of ethyl alcohol and benzol (commercial benzene). -W-e find it preferable to use absolute alcohol to insure the solubility of the desired amount of halogenated hydrocarbons. Thus considerably higher percentages of the chlorinated naphthalenes can be dissolved in absolute alcohol than in-95% alcohol, for example. The proportions of the various constituents may able limits, but it is found that more effective results are secured with a substantial portion of each of the three constituents, namely, the ethyl alcohol, benzene and the halogenated hydrocarbon, present.

We have discovered that more effective results are obtained when chlorinated hydrocarbons having a high boiling point are used,

this preventing excessive evaporation and escape of the carbon removing composition when introduced into a heated engine cylinder. The chlorinated naphthalenes, such as monochlor-naphthalene which has a boiling point of 264 C., provide excellent com- It is found preferable to have rather large percentages of the halogenated hydrocarbon, such as the chlorinated naphthalene, present in the composition in order to raise the boiling point of the composition as well as to increase the solvent action upon the resistant binder. The varnish removing solvents function not only as a carrier or solvent for the halogenated hydrocarbons, but also serve to attack the unoxidized lubricating oil and the like of the carbonaceous resinous deposit.

A high boiling point compound such as a chlorinated naphthalene of the character mentioned above not'only functions as a superior solvent for the oxidized binderof the deposits, but also serves to maintain the loosened carbon deposits within an engine cylinder in a moist or mushy condition. where the 'carbon remover functions in a superior manner as is the case with the present composition to loosen large quantities of deposits within an enginecylinder, these loosened particles may result in objectionable operating conditions upon restarting of the engine if they are not maintained moist or in a mushy condition. This is particularly true in compression engines havin small clearances between portions of the piston and heafil or case, if the carbon be varied within'considervolatile combustible may the case of highride as well as high testgasoline,

between the valves and the head. In such remover is of a character which permits the loosened deposits to dry out during standing and before the restarting of the engine, then these dry loosened particles may am between the piston or valves and the head to cause objectionable knocking or even fracture of the engine parts when the motor is started. The present compo'sitionis effective to loosen the deposits as well as to insure against such objectionable operating conditions upon restarting of the engine, for the moist or mushy deposit is free to flow within the clearance space which prevents objectionable jamming between the piston or valve and the head.

As an example prepared in accordance with this invention, the following is mentioned:

of a supemor composition Percent by .volume Monochlor-naphthalene 50 Absolute denatured ethyl alcohol 25 Benzol (commercial benzene) 25 A chlorinated benzene such phenyl chloride C H Cl, may be used in conjunctionwith the monoclilor-naphthalene in the above example with good results. When phenyl chloride is used, ordinary denatured ethyl alcohol is satisfactory, and absolute alcohol need not be used to insure solubility of the desired amount of the halogenated hydrocarbon.

The chlorinated naphthalenes, such as monochlor-naphthalene, are compounds for use in removing the carbon from engine cylinders, inasmuch as such compounds have a lubricating value in addiquite suitable tionto their other properties, so that after 1 use of the carbon remover the danger of the pistons binding because of solution of the lubricating oil on the cylinder wall is minimized. We have found a. composition containing an admixture of a chlorinated naphthalene such as monochlornaphthalene with a chlorinated benzene such as phenyl chloride gives very satisfactory results. ere a mixture of one halogenated hydrocarbon, such as a chlorinated naphthalene, with another halogenated hydrocarbon of different characteristics, such as phenyl chloride, is used in suitable proportions, superior solvent action upon the resistant binder is obtained over that produced by either solvent separately, or the additive efiects of the two solvents when used separately.

In order to ,-insure easy starting of an internal combustion engine after application of the carbon remover, a quantity of a highly be incorporated in high test the-compositiom- For example,

gasoline functions very satisfactorily for this purpose.

As an example of a composition incorporating monochlor-napthalene and phenyl chlohich has 'solvcnt action is ed claims.

ing is mentioned Per cent by volume Halowax oil (monochlor-naphthalene) 2O Phenyl chloride Benzol 20 Denatured ethyl alcohol 20 High test gasoline "'20 In the above example using equal proportions of the two chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons of different characteristics a superior obtained. Where the other constituents are maintained in the same proportion, one of the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons may be somewhat increased in proportion as the other chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon is correspondingly decreased wit portionsof the otherconstituents are altered, the combined proportions of the two chlorinated hydrocarbons may be altered while maintaining approximately the same ratios of these two constituents with goodresults.

In using the composition of this invention to remove carbon deposits from an internal combustion'enginc, the engine is first run until it is quite hot. Then the carbon remover is introduced into the. cylinder, either by pouring throughthe spark plug openin or by drawing, it into the cylinder througi the .intake manifold, care being taken to prevent escape of the solvent through the exhaust ports. Generally about 20 to c. c. are added per cylinder. The motor is then allowed to stand for some time, preferably about six hours or over night, during which time the composition acts u on the binder and loosens the insoluble carbon and road dust free. I started-rand allowed to run a short time, the blast serving to blow the loosened material out through the exhaust.

Reference is herein made to our 00- endmg application, Serial No. 301,702, filed discloses and claims August 23, 1928, which a carbon remover composition containing in conjunction with a highly effective solvent ingredient, asufiicient quantity of a high boiling heat resisting material to maintain loosened carbon deposits in a moist condition. In the present case, there is disclosed and claimed such a carbon removing composition containing a high boilin heat resisting in redient which has the ouble function 0 being aneffective solvent for the deposits, posits in a moist condition. 7

While the compositions herein described constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise compositions and that'changes ma therein without de artin from t e scope of the invention whic good results ;-or where-the combinedpro ed benzene.

In testimony whereof we hereto aflix our What is claimed is A composition for removing carbon deposits from engine cylinderscomprising a. so-

lution of a chlorinated naphthalene in ethyl alcohol and benzol. g

2. A composition for removing carbon deposits from engine cylinders cemprisin a. mixture containing a halogenated napht alene and a halogenated benzene giving a superior solvent action therewith.

3. A composition for removing carbon deposits from engine cylinders comprising a. chlorinated naphthalene and a chlorinated benzene.

4. A composition fcrremoving carbon do posits from engine cylinders comprising a chlorinated naphthalene, achlorinated benzene, benzol andethyl alcohol.---

' 5. A composition for removing carbondeposits from en ine cylinders comprisingmonochlor-naphtha ethyl alcohol and gasoline.

ene, phenyl chloride, benzol,

6. A composition for removing carbon deposits from engine cylinders, comprisin a mixture containing an organic solvent which dissolves lubricating oil, and'a pro rtion of a halogenated aromatic hydrocar n Suficient to effectively soften carbon deposits. A compositionfor removing carbon deposits from engine'cylinders, comprising a mixture containing as essential ingredients halowax carbon in proportions suflicient to efl'ect'ively soften the carbon deposits, v

8. A carbon removing composition comprising a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon. 9. A carbon removin composition com carbon removing composition comprising as an essential signatures.

CHARLES A. CARROLL A.

THOMAS. HOQHWALT.

ingredient a chlorinatoiland anotherhalogenated hydro prising as an essential ingredient a. chlorinated naphthalene.

The motor is then,

be made is de fled in. the append-