US1895851A

US1895851A - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US1895851A
Application number: US492160A
Authority: US
Inventors: Jannin Marcel
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1929-11-05
Filing date: 1930-10-30
Publication date: 1933-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 1950-01-31

Description

Jan. 31, 1933.

M. JANNIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 30, 19so 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l end-thrust losses and yielding more perfectly Patented Jan. 31,

' UNITED *STATES P TENT 0mm immanent .mnmrnor unonoiv, rmncr.

mrnmfmr. coirBUs'rIoN interim Application filed October 30, 1980, Serial No. 492,180, and in France November 5, 1929.

The present inventionrelates to internal combustion engines of the so called barrel One of the objects of the invention is to eliminate the losses of power due to endthrust. a

Another object is to provide a special endto-end assembly of two' motors eliminating balanced effects.

An additional object is to provide an improved universal connection between the pistons and the elements driven thereby. Further. objects will appear in the course of the detailed description now to be 'ven with reference to the accompanying rawings, in which Fig. 1 is an axial section through one illustrative embodiment of the invention;

*Fig. 2 represents the same motor in sectional perspective; t V

Fig. 3 illustrates the transmission of the various forces and couples from the pistons to the crank-shaft;

Fig. 4 shows, insection, a special end-toend motor assembly.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a seven cylinder, et-cycle, air-cooled, engine consisting of the following elements: a crank-shaft I of the Z-type and including an inclined portion 11; a pair of fixed

casings

2 and 3 supporting the crank-shaft and pis supported on casing 3 and provided with cooling fins 5; a plurality of pistons 6 mounted to reci rocate in cylinders 4 and terminating in sp erical recesses atone end; a pair of spaced spherical segments 8 in frictional V contact with said spherical recesses; a flange ton assemblies; a plurality of cylinders 4:

I 14 integral with casing 3, bearings 14 being positionedso that the corresponding axis of plIlS 13 supported therein pass through point 15 where the axis of the horizontal and in-'. clined ortion 11.0f crank-shaft 1 intersect; 5

a spar -plug'16 mounted in the'head of a combustion. chamber fitted with intake and exhaust valves'17 and 18; a drum 19 provided with

cam surfaces

20 and 21 controlllng valves 17 and 18; a speed'reducing train 22,

f

23, 24, 25 driven from the crank-shaft; and

a counter-weight 26 attached to the latter.

The hereinabove described assembly functions as follows: assuming that a rotary movement beimparted by an external source to crank-shaft 1, inclined portion 11 will' move bearing 10, through a circular path; but, since shell 9 is prevented {from turning by universal assembly. 12, 13, 114, said shell will oscillate about, point 15 and points along the circumference of flange 7 will describe reciprocating movements which will be trans- .m'ittedto pistons 6. v However, if pistons 6 be reciprocated in properly timed relation, their movement will be transformed, by an inverse -mechanism, into a rotary movement of crank-shaft 1. The timing of successive explosions may be eflected'by assembly 19,. 20, 21 in a manner which will at once be evident to those skilled in the art.

The detailed mechanism of transmission of power from the pistons to the crank-shaft is shown in Fig. 3. Pistons 6 are forced to the left under pressure P of the gases in the combustion chamber and react on flange 7 in a direction normal thereto. F the pistons reacting on the cylinders in direction f. Flange 7 thereupon tends to move to the left and turn about point 15 in a'counterclockwise direction. "Ring 12 will act to re- .vent displacement of the flange to the eft,

thus submitting casing 3 to the action of forces F and F which will balance the pres sure F exerted by the explosion on the cylinder head. The tendency of flange 7 to ro- .ta'te about point 15 will, at the same time,

give rise to a thrust F exerted by bearing 10 on inclined portion 11 of the crank-shaft and tend to rotate the latter. It is to be noted that the thrust exerted by hearing 10 is end thrust. This motor is of the two-cycle,

' casings 36 supporting the ends of the crankwater-cooled type and consists of the following structures: a plurality of cylinders 28 positioned around the crank-shaft and supported in a block 29 provided with a waterjacket- 30; an intake conduit 31; an exhaust conduit 32; openings 33 for the fuel injectors, a double-Z crank-shaft 34 supported on block 29 by a central bearing 35 and including oppositely

inclined portions

38 and 39; endshaft; pairs of bearings 40 corresponding to elements 10 (Fig. 1) and integral with corresponding conical shells; flanges or inclined plates 48 rigidly attached to the conical shells rings 41, similar to elements 12, universally mounted between bearings 43 forming part of block 29 and bearings (not shown) corresponding to split-bearings 27 (Fig. 2) integral with'the conical shells, the inner pairs of the latter being provided with recesses 42, to permit movement of said shells relative to bearings 43; and spherical segments 44 servingto support inclined plates 48 and fitting into corresponding recesses formed in the ends of opposed pairs of pistons 45.

Pistons 45a're mounted so that at the extremity of their course they uncover

ports

32 and 31 communicating with the exhaust and intake manifolds respective l I This form of apparatus fiinctions exactly as does the one shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the reciprocating movement of the pistons causing plates 48to oscillate about points 49 and 50. When the pistons reach the end of their course, ports 46 will be discovered and the burnt gases will be driven thereinto by the air entering under low pressure through ports 47. The scavenging air may be furnished by a compressor driven by the motor itself or by an auxiliary source of power. This type of motor is,not only .perfectlyebalanced but,in view of the mounting of the pistons in opposed pairs inside a single cylinder, the scavenging of burnt gases may be more com pletly effected.

Since, as already indicated, machines of this type are reversible, it is quite obvious that by coupling the crank-shaft to a source of power, compressing, pumping or evacuating effects may be produced by pistons mounted either as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 or as in Fig. 4.

In the claims that follow, the term shell is used generically to indicate integral assembly-7, 9, 10 in Fi 1 and a composite assembly of the type o 40, 40, 48 in Fig. 4.

I What I claim is 1. In combination, a crank-shaft including a pair of aligned portions coinciding ed to present a transverse section to planes at right angles to the axis of rotation of the crank-shaft, pistons mounted to reciprocate in said cylinders, a shell havinga bearing surface positioned to react on the inclined portion of the crank-shaft, said shell universally connected to said casing and including a flanged peripheral portion, and spherically shaped means positioned to coact with said flanged peripheral portion and with one end of said pistons. i

2. In combination, a crank-shaft including a plurality of aligned portions lying along the axis of rotation thereof and a pair of inclined portions intercalated between aligned portions, said inclined portions sloping in opposite directions, a fixed casing assembly including a plurality of cylinders positioned to present transverse sections to planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crank-shaft, pairs of opposed pistons mounted to reciprocate in opposite aligned directions, in said cylinders, a pair of shells each having a bearing surface positioned to react on one of the inclined portions of said crank-shaft, said shells belng universallyconnected to said casing, and means connecting said shells with said pistons.

3. In combination, a crank-shaft including a pair of aligned portions coinciding with the axis of rotation thereof and an inclined ex tending portion positioned between said aligned portions, a fixed casing assembly in cluding'a plurality of cylinders mounted to present a transverse section to planesat right angles to the axis of rotationof the crankshaft, pistons mounted to reciprocate in said cylinder, a shell having two bea ing surfaces positioned to react respectivel on different portions of said inclined portion of the crank-shaft, said shell being unlversally connected to said casing by arms mounted substantially in line with the effort being trans,

mitted, and means connecting said shell said plstons.

4. In combination, a crank-shaft including a pair of al gned portions'lying along the axls of rotation thereof and an inclined'extending. portion positioned between aligned portions, said inclined portion being symmetrically disposed relatively to thepoint of the crank-shaft, pistons mounted to recipwhere its own axis cuts the axis of rotation bearing surfaces positioned to react 'respec tivel on each extremities of said inclined portion of the'crank-shaft, said shell being universally connected to said casing by arms mounted substantially in line with the effort being transmitted, and means connecting said shell with said pistons.

5. In combination, crank-shaft including a pairs of aligned portions mounted along the axis of rotation thereof and a pair of oppositely inclined portions positioned between said aligned portions. said inclined ortions sloping in opposite directions, a fixe casing including a plurality of cylinders positioned to presenttransverse sections to lanes perpendicular to the axis of rotation o the crankshaft, said cylinders being positioned to limit a chamber, pairs of opposed pistons mounted to reciprocate in said cylinders, a pair of shells each having a pair of bearing surfaces supported on the inclined portions of said crank-shaft, these of said bearings adjacent to the central portionof saidcrank-shaft being mounted inside the chamber limited by 'said cylinders, means connecting said shells universally to said casing, and means connecting said shells to said pistons.

6. In combination, a crank-shaft including pairs of aligned portions mounted along the axis of rotation thereof and a pair of oppositely inclined portions positioned between airs of said aligned portion, a fixed casing lncluding a plurality of cylinders and a chamber interiorly, said, cylinders being positioned to present transverse sections to planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crank-shaft, pairs of opposed pistons mounted to reciprocate in said cylinders, a

pair of shells each having a pair of bearing surfaces contacting with the inclined portion of said crank-shaft, these of said bearings adjacent to the central portion of said crankshaft being mounted inside said chamber,

40 means universally connecting said shells to said chamber and including arms positioned substantially in line with the efforts transmitted, and means connecting said shells to said pistons. 7 In testimony whereof I'afiix m signature.

MARCEL .ANNIN.