US1895470A - Carburetor - Google Patents

Carburetor Download PDF

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Publication number
US1895470A
US1895470A US442786A US44278630A US1895470A US 1895470 A US1895470 A US 1895470A US 442786 A US442786 A US 442786A US 44278630 A US44278630 A US 44278630A US 1895470 A US1895470 A US 1895470A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
conduit
atomizer
primary air
air
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Expired - Lifetime
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US442786A
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English (en)
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Mathieu Eugene
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
    • F02M7/06—Means for enriching charge on sudden air throttle opening, i.e. at acceleration, e.g. storage means in passage way system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M19/00—Details, component parts, or accessories of carburettors, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M1/00 - F02M17/00
    • F02M19/03—Fuel atomising nozzles; Arrangement of emulsifying air conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M3/00—Idling devices for carburettors
    • F02M3/08—Other details of idling devices
    • F02M3/10—Fuel metering pins; Nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
    • F02M7/02—Carburettors having aerated fuel spray nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
    • F02M7/23—Fuel aerating devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/39—Liquid feeding nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates -to carburetors ttorv internal combustion engines, and it has chiefly for its object to improve the atomizing of the liquid fuelby the air and to obtain a substantially constant proportion ofuel in the mixture at the dierent rates of suction of the engine.
  • an important feature of-the invention consists of animproved arrangement for the atomizing'of the so-called primary mixture, wherein the liquid fuel under pressure is sprayed at a point below the constant level in the form of a spread-out sheet or radial jets, into an annular conduit in which is circulated a thin cylindrical stream of primary air and which comprises a restricted part situated at the level-at which the fuel is sprayed out, whereby the primary air will be given a great speed at this point, the angle between the direction of the current of primary air of tubular form and saidsheet or jets of liquid uel being substantially 90 degrees.
  • a device for correcting the composition of the fuel mixture at high speeds of the engine and for atomizing the fuel for the correction, or correcting fuel, the arrangement being ⁇ such that the delivery oi liquid through the correctingoriices will be impeded to a greater degree according as the speed of the primary air is greater.
  • Another feature of the invention consists of a particular disposition of the parts of the nozzle, in order to assure a progressive suction as well as an atomizing of the reserve supply of liquid which collects in the recesses o or chambers surrounding the .nozzle during stoppage or slow-running periods, and which forms the reserve of liquid by which the speeding up of the engine'is facilitated.
  • Fig. 1 is af partial vertical section of a carburetor o the verticaltype.
  • FIGs. 2 to 7 are partial sections of atomizers according to different modifications.
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view of anv atomizer showing a different arrangement.
  • Figs. 9 and lll-are diagrammatic sectional 55 views showing modifications of the atomzer.
  • Figs. 11 and 12 show respectively in vertical section and in plan vlew a device for the discharge of the primary mixture into l the engine suction conduit, in the case of a horizontal carburetor.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 are views similar to Figures 11 and 12, respectively, relating to a modification.
  • Fig. 15 ⁇ V shows an atomizer having several 65 elements arranged in series.
  • Figs'. lto 18 are sectional views of atomizers provided with correcting orifices.
  • Fig. 19 shows a device for atomizing the reserve supply of fuel.
  • Fig. 20 is a vertical sectioh of a horizontall l carburetor comprising a device for atoxn-s izing the reserve supply of fuel, and,
  • Figs. 21 and 22 relate to modified devices for atomizing the reserve supply.
  • rlhe carburetor represented in l Figure 1 comprises a float chamber 1, at the lower part whereof opens a duct 2 formed in a boss 3, which projects into the suction'conduit 4 ont the engine and supports the atomizing de- 50 vice denoted generally by 5, and in which is eifected themixture of the liquid fuel en- Y tering through duct 2 and the primary air entering through a conduit 6.
  • the primary mixture proceedsrom said atomizing dna-'N85 vice through a nozzle 7 into a Venturi tube 8, mounted in the suction conduit, beyond which is a throttle 9 or other thrttling means.
  • the carburetor is further provided with a 9.0 nozzle for slow-speed running, said device Vbeing connected by a channel 10with the cylindrical chamber in which is mounted the atomizer; the.slowspeed atomizer 12 is sup- Iplied with primary air by a conduit 1 3, con- 95 nected by a duct 13 opening into the floatv d chamber, having a communication with the atmosphere, as usual.
  • rihe slow speed atomizer delivers the primary mixture into a chan- 1 nel 14, leading into the suction conduit 4 at' 10
  • Said device comprises a member 20, whose end constitutes the nozzle 7 and which is formed with a venturi 21; the lower tubular end of said member is fitted upon a cylindrical boss of a nozzle 22, having an axial calibrated hole 23 which forms the main jet,
  • conduit 24 Within conduit 24 extends a small tube 26,
  • a head 27 of ovoid or other shape which cooperates with said cup-shaped portion to form an annular slot 2,8, situated at a determined level below the constant level of the fuel in the iioat chamber.
  • annular slot 2,8 situated at a determined level below the constant level of the fuel in the iioat chamber.
  • the cross sectional area between the inner wall of tube 20 and the periphery of the ovoid head 27 is accurately calibrated so as to form a restricted part 30.
  • the slowspeed ⁇ atomizer may consist of a similar arrangement, comprising for instance a member 3l,
  • the su ders draws primary air through theiconduit 6, and the liquid fuel is drawn from the chambers 41-42 into the suction conduit 4 and thence into the engine cylinders.
  • this arrangement will also provide for a great increase of the amount o f primary air at the expense of the secondary air, thus reducing the inertia or momentum of the mixture and facilitating the speeding up of the engine.
  • This possibility is due to the fact that carburetors, in which the orifices for the enftrance of primary air are located beyond the' nozzle, and hence cannotl be much enlarged, as -this would unduly reduce the vacuum on the nozzle.
  • this construction is y way-of example; it is applicable to carburetors of the horizontal type (Fig. 20) as well as to carburetors of the vertical type.
  • the invention is independent of the construction ofthe slow-speed nozzle, which may be of any known type.
  • the head 27 ofthe atomizer instead of having al1-ovoid shape, may be given a spherical, tapered, cylindrcal or stepped shape, or any other suitable form, adapted to provide a given solely restricted flow section for the primary air at the spraying level.
  • Figures 2l and 4 show an atomizer with tapered head; and Figures 3, 5, '6 and 7 relate to Vatomizers with-round heads (like the head 36 of the slow-speed atomizer of Fig. l), as well -as various /dispo's'tions of for spraying the fuel.
  • member 7 instead of being screwed into the boss 3, has a shoulder 48 in contact with the fianged edge 49 of a sleeve-50, whose threaded lower ,part is screwed upon a member 51, screwed into the boss v3, and having large apertures 52 for the entrance of primary air.
  • member 51 Extending from member 51 is a tube 53, which forms a bafile for the primary air between the orifices 52 and 29.
  • the fuel supplying conduit 2 has a calibrated orifice or jet 55 and opens into an annular chamber 56, surrounding a primary air conduit 57 and in communication therewith through orifices 59.
  • a concentric core 58 which may have the shape of two cores with a common base, thus leaving an annular passage whose cross-section decreases up to the spraying point, ⁇ at which the primary air assumes its maximum speed. llfhe fuel may also. be sprayed through a slot at the level of the restricted part 59.
  • Fig. 10 shows an arrangement in which the liquid is sprayed from the periphery towards the center by means of the last mentioned device on the one hand, and from the center to the periphery by radial ducts 60 pierced in the central core 58 and communieating with a second liquid supplying conduit 61, on the other hand.
  • the perfectly homogeneous primary mixture in which the liquid is finely atomized by means of the aforesaid de ices is preferably delivered into the engine suction conduit by means providing for the spreading of the'current of primary mixture, this furthering its diffusion into the secondar air. 4This re- ,sult is obtained in Figure 1 y the diverging cone of the venturi 21.
  • the primary mixture issues through a round head 65, slotted at 66 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of flow f of the sec-v ondary air.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 show a similar disposition, but herein the head 67 is reduced to a hemisphere, with the convex side turned towards the intake of the suction conduit.
  • Figure 15 shows a device for the exit of the primary mixture in the case of a vertical ⁇ carburetor, wherein the structure of the head 68 is similar with that of the head of the atomizer used for the primary mixture.
  • This figure also shows, by' way of example, several atomizers arranged in series 69, 70, 68; the primary air enters through conduit 6 and apertures 29, and is divided into two currents, one of which flows at high speed at the level of the slot 73 of atomizer 69 and the,
  • the excessive enriching of the fuel mixture occurring at high speeds of the engine is partially corrected due to the fact that the fuel is s rayed under va constant head h (Fig. 1), which constitutes the factor of correction.
  • Fig. 1 va constant head h
  • the primary air effects the atom izing of the correcting fuel discharged from said orifices 80.
  • the corv, recting orifice is supplied under a constant head, thus affording another factor'for correcting the composition of the mixture.
  • the correcting orifices 8O may be arranged on the axis of the air inlets 29, thus increasing the impeding action of the primary air.
  • the calibrated loaded with some emulsified fuel when passf ing before said correcting orifices. Its density is thus increased, so that the impact of said air against the fuel sprayed out beyond orifices 80 is also increased and, consequently, the atomizaton of the'fuel spray better.
  • a serious disadvantage in the known carburetors resides in that the primary air abruptly withdraws the supply of liquid fuel stored in the several recesses, when the engine starts ruiming or is speeded up, since the fuel thus taken up in excessive quantity is not properly atomized and is distributed irregularly among the engine cylinders; the excess fuel removes the lubricating oil from the movable lparts and mingles with the oil in the crankcase, thus causing gripping andvwear and carbon deposits dueto an excess of fuel in the mixture.
  • the reserve supply of fuelv(Figs. 19421) is'coiitained in recesses or chambers which are protected against direct suction by the primary air, at least as concerns the major part of the volume of fuel, for causing a progressive withdrawal of the reserve fuel, and means are provided for properly atomizing this reserve fuel by the primary air.
  • the simplest device for this purpose is shown in - Figure 19.
  • a partition 90 separates chamber 41 from the space 91 serving for the normal flow of primary air entering through the apertures 92, and the lower part of said chamber 41, which communicates with the annular space 42 by the openings 93--94, is connected by one or more ducts 95 with the conduit 24, situated beyond the sprayer 23.
  • This arrangement has the following advantage.
  • the primary air entering through duct 93 atomizes the correcting fuel issuing from the orifice 80, and reduces the delivery therethrough as the enginespeed increases; the atomization of the fuel from orifice 80 is achieved by reason of its How through the atomizer 28.
  • Orifice 93 also, serves, when starting, to cause the reserve supply of fuel stored up in cavity 41, to enter duct 24 and tobe atomized through the atomizer.' l
  • This fuel supply method may be used, iii
  • the correcting horrids 80 can be used to supply the light fuel, by connecting said orifices with suitable feeding conduits in communication with a second float chamber.
  • the two fuels' can be atomized after they have been mixed together, as in the case of the carburetor shown in Figure 20, or they may be e separately atomized, as in the case of Fig- Ato
  • the invention is not limited to the details of construction herein specified, and the carburetors above described are susceptible of numerous modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • a carburetor a constant level fuel tank, an intake pipe adapted to be connected with an engine and an atomizer for the primary fuel mixture, saidatomizer embodying means, below said constant level, for spraying fuel from said tank in a spread out spray,
  • annular conduit surrounding said spraying means, opening into said intake pipe and having a restricted cross section at the spraying level, and air inlet means opening into said conduit for supplying primary air thereto, the arrangement being such that the air iow assumes an increased speed and a smaller thickness through said restricted part and meets'the fuel sprayat an angle substantially equal to 90.
  • a carburetor in a carburetor, a constant level fuel tank, an intake pipe adapted to beconnected with an engine, and an atomizer for the primary fuel mixture, said atomizer embodying a conduit having an air inletl and opening into said intake pipe, a central member in said conduit and leaving a restricted lpassage between it and said conduit below said con'- stant level, a spray outlet in said passage and means for connecting said tank with said outlet, whereby fuel isr sprayed into said passage in a spread out sheet and meets at a substantially right angle a thin flow of primaryair entering through said inlet and'fhaving an increased speed through said passage.
  • a second atomizer surrounding said irst menltioned atomizer and embodying means, below said constant level, for spraying the primaryl mixture from said conduit in auspread out spray, an annular conduit surrounding said latter spraying means and having a restricted cross-section at the spraying level, and'air inlet means opening into said latter conduit for supplyin g air thereto.
  • V6 In a carburetor, a constant level fuel tank, an atomizer for the primary fuel mixture and a fuel supply channel between. said tankand said atomizer, .and having a calibrated orifice therein, said atomizer embodying means, below said constant level, for spraying fuelfrom said tank in a'spread out spray, as annular conduit surrounding said spraying means and having a restricted cross section at the spraying level, air inlet means opening into said conduit for supplying primary air thereto, and a correcting orifice opening into said channel, ahead of said calibrated perennial, and into said conduit, adjacent said airinlet means, whereby the delivery of said orifice is counteracted by the iiow of entering air. ⁇
  • a carburetor a. constant level fuel tank, an atomizer for the primary fuel mixture and a fuel supply channel between said.
  • a carburetor In a carburetor, a constant level fuel ⁇ tank, and an atomizer for the primary fuel stant level, for spraying fuel from said tank in a spread out spray, an annular conduit surrounding said spraying means and havin a restricted cross section at the spraying leve 5 Vair inlet means opening into said conduit for suphplying primary air thereto, a correcting Y or ce openmg into said conduit toward said air inlet means, and a further fuel supply connected Withsaid correcting orifice. 10 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US442786A 1929-04-30 1930-04-09 Carburetor Expired - Lifetime US1895470A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR690566T 1929-04-30

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US (1) US1895470A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE369218A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR690566A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB350134A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2532851A (en) * 1946-10-21 1950-12-05 Meyer Balzer Fuel Unit Inc Liquid fuel atomizer
US2661195A (en) * 1950-02-28 1953-12-01 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for atomizing liquids
US2826400A (en) * 1955-06-13 1958-03-11 Holley Carburetor Co Carburetor construction
US4206733A (en) * 1978-04-06 1980-06-10 Gregory Randy K Fuel gasifying system
US6347788B1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2002-02-19 Walbro Japan, Inc. Carburetor with fuel jet support structure
EP3667053A1 (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-17 Barcarole Limited Enrichment fuel circuit for a carburettor

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2532851A (en) * 1946-10-21 1950-12-05 Meyer Balzer Fuel Unit Inc Liquid fuel atomizer
US2661195A (en) * 1950-02-28 1953-12-01 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for atomizing liquids
US2826400A (en) * 1955-06-13 1958-03-11 Holley Carburetor Co Carburetor construction
US4206733A (en) * 1978-04-06 1980-06-10 Gregory Randy K Fuel gasifying system
US6347788B1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2002-02-19 Walbro Japan, Inc. Carburetor with fuel jet support structure
EP3667053A1 (en) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-17 Barcarole Limited Enrichment fuel circuit for a carburettor

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Publication number Publication date
FR690566A (fr) 1930-09-23
GB350134A (en) 1931-06-11
BE369218A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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