US1895242A - Variable mica condenser - Google Patents

Variable mica condenser Download PDF

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US1895242A
US1895242A US314603A US31460328A US1895242A US 1895242 A US1895242 A US 1895242A US 314603 A US314603 A US 314603A US 31460328 A US31460328 A US 31460328A US 1895242 A US1895242 A US 1895242A
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armature
dielectric
spring
variable
adjusting means
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US314603A
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Edward J Cowan
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G5/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G5/04—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of effective area of electrode
    • H01G5/12—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of effective area of electrode due to rotation of part-cylindrical, conical, or spherical electrodes

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  • This invention relates to an improved variable condenser of the solid dielectric type which is adapted for use at substantially any frequency.
  • Yet another object of this invention s the provision of an improved capacitor comprising novel elements of design whereby the whole is rendered easy to operateand may be made at a minimum of cost and expense in both labor and materials.
  • WlllCh Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a completed assembly
  • Fig. 2 is a rear view of the structure shown in Fig. l; n
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 33 of Fig. 2, certain parts being shown in elevation; and Y Fig. 4 is a cross section of .a modification -of the active elements shown in Fig. 3.
  • a capacitor comprising a base 1 of insulating material such asbakelite, impregnated wood, or other suitable material.
  • This member may have any suitable configuration ac- 4 cording to the size of the completed unit.
  • the base member 1 is apertured at 2, 3 and 4 to receive securing means 5,6 and 7 whose function will be described more in detail hereinafter.
  • armature 8 Superimposed on the base and secured similar in construction to member 8 and has thereto by screws 5 and 6 is a fixed capacitor member or stator 8 shown as a block of any metal having the requisite electrical conductivity.
  • This armature is apertured at 9' to receive the threaded terminal 10, which in turn is provided with lock nuts 11, 12 having lock washers 13 interposed therebetween.
  • the armature 8 is substantially prismatic in form, having a bottom 14, vertical sides 15 and back'16, the latter apertured at 9, and an angular face .17.
  • Engaging a slot 18 in the base member as a sheet is a dielectric member 19 lying on the angular face 17 of armature 8 and consisting of mica, sulfur, glass or any other suitable material having the desired dielectric constant and electrical characteristics requisite for a given capacitor. While a number of materials of different electrical characteristics have been illustrated above, it will, of course, be understood that any variation in the dielectric constant desired may be secured by varying either the composition of the material used, or the thickness of the material.- It is preferred to use mica of suitable thickness for most purposes, but where desired, sulfur may appropriately be used, and its characteristics may be varied by incorporating therein a desired percentage of powdered quartz or other like modifying material.
  • This dielectric member 19 may be secured to the plane inclined face 17 of the stator 8 by any suitable cementing material such as flexible collodi-on or other materials having the necessary electrical characteristics and flexible properties.
  • a movable wedge shaped member 20 of suitable configuration is adapted to move in sliding contact on dielectric sheet 19, and the capacity between it and member 8 is varied by varying the relative areas of inclined face 17 of member 8 and inclined face 21 of member 20, which are presented to each other in cooperative relationship.
  • This armature 20 is substantially an angular face 21 and side faces 22, back face 23 and top face 24.. The top face 24 is provided with a channeled portion 25 whose function will be described more in detail hereinafter.
  • This armature 20 is supported and adapted to be moved with respect to member 8 in a manner now to be described.
  • a metallic support 26 comprising a portion 27 adj acent base land angularly disposed with respect to upright portion 28, portion 27 being apertured to receive the bolt and nut construction 7 previously referred to.
  • the upright portion 28 of this support 26 is provided with a threaded aperture 29 to receive a knurled micrometer screw 30 the end of which bears against armature 2O toslide it along inclined dielectric 19.
  • the cooperating threads of the aperture 29 and adjacent member 30 are preferably of the order of 60 to 80 threads per inch in order to secure a mic-rometer adjustment of the parts.
  • the support 26 is provided with a top portion 31 bent at right angles to upright portion. 28 and extending substantially over the entire extent of the upper surface of upper armature 20. Member 31 is apertured at 32 to receive terminal 33,
  • the contact shoe 39 adapted for sliding movement in the channel 25 across the top of armature 20.
  • the shoe is provided with an up standing stud 40 which is adapted to engage a helical spring 41, the upper end of which in turn is adapted to nest in the recess 36.
  • the support member 26 is provided further with a pair of laterally disposed side arms or guard members 42, 43 extending on either side of armature 20, and adapted to prevent any lateral movement thereof.
  • the micrometer screw 30 is rotated either in or out, as may be desired, and by its motion causes a relative movement of the armature 20 on the dielectric 19 supported on the stator armature 8.
  • the spring 41 by its pressure on shoe 39 tends to keep the movable armature 20 pressed downwardly and against adjustment 30 pressing the lower surface of 20 against the dielectric surface 19 in constant uniform contact.
  • the variable member 30 moves accordingly and more or less of its lower surface lies opposite the upper surface of armature 8.
  • the channeled top of 20 is adapted to slide along shoe 39, thereby preventing any lateral translation of the coil spring member 41. This insures a constant pressure on the movable member 20 by the spring assembly and insures constant capacity at any given setting of the micrometer screw 30.
  • the metal construction of the entire capacitor elements 8 and 20 is perfectly suited for use in ordinary broadcast receiving sets and other circuits where low frequencies are used, and small voltages are encountered. Where it is desired to use the structure disclosed herein in high frequency circuits where enormous energy losses may be met with due to the formation of eddy currents in solid metallic members, the present invention comprehends the use of insulating supports or the like backings for the active metal opposing armature surfaces of members 8 and 20, as for example in Fig. 4.
  • a pair of capacitor elements comprising a stator 44 and a movable element 45 having a suitable dielectric 46 interposed therebetween.
  • These members comprise supporting insulating members 47, 48 of maple wood impregnated with wax or the like, or sulfur or other material having the requisite mechanical strength and electrical characteristics at the frequencies and voltages used.
  • the conducting elements 49, 50 of suitable thickness and electrical conductivity to handle the currents used, such as the sheets shown, are secured to the faces of the supporting members in any suitable manner by bending in sheets or in other manners, not shown, the ends of these members being separated at 51, 52, 53 and 54 to prevent heat losses, due to the short circuited turn effect, which is well known to those dealing with high frequency currents.
  • variable capacitor of the solid dielectric type which is characterized by the ability to handle all types of currents at various potentials and in which a desired capacity regulation is assured by means of a micrometer adjustment.
  • a capacitor comprising a sheet of solid dielectric material, a-metal member on each side of said dielectric, means for making electrical connections to each of said metal members and means for shifting at least one of said metal members with respect to the other which comprises a support in which said shiftable member is adjustable, a screw engaging said support for moving said member in one direction, and a spring engaging said support for holding said member against said screw, said insulating sheet being disposed atinn angle, and said spring and screw being'arranged to act upon one metal member at substantially a right angle to each other, said insulating sheet being disposed at about 45 to thedirection in which each of said sprlng and screw acts.
  • cooperating armatures opposite one another and having fiat faces engaging opposite faces of said dielectric sheet, adjusting means for sliding one of said armatures linearly along the dielectric sheet and varying the cooperating areas of the opposite armature's; and a spring'holding said movable armature 1n responsive relation to said adjusting means in various adjusting positions thereof; said spring also holding said movable armature in its face-to-face relation with its cooperating armature in various adjusted positions of the movable armature corresponding to said various adjusting positions of said adjusting means.
  • a variable capacitor of the solid dielectric type and including a flat dielectric sheet, cooperating armaturesopposite one another and having flat faces engaging opposite faces of said dielectric sheet, adjusting means for sliding one of said armatures linearly along the dielectric sheet and varying the cooperatmg armatures being arranged at an angle to the path of adjusting movement of said adjusting means; a spring pressing said movable armature toward both the dielectric sheet and the adjusting means; and means supporting the other armature, the adjusting means and the spring in cooperating relations with the mov able armature.
  • a variable capacitor of the solid dielectric type and including a flat dielectric sheet, cooperating armatures opposite one another and having fiat faces engaging opposite surfaces of said dielectric sheet; adjusting means for sliding one of said armatures linearly along the dielectric sheet and varying the cooperatlng areas of the opposite armatures; a spring; and means supporting the other armature, the spring and the adjusting means in cooperative relations with the slidable armature wherein thelatter is held in its various adjusted positions by the other armature, the

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)

Description

Jan. 24, 1933.
MVENTOR Edwawd 06 flown f; 'ERNEY E. J. CQWAN VARIABLE MICA CONDENSER Filed Oct. 24, 1928 Patente Jan. 24, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EDWARD J. COWAN, F DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, ."BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENIQ, '10 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY,
A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK VARIABLE MICA. CONDENSER.
Application filed October 24, 1928. Serial No. 314,603.
This invention relates to an improved variable condenser of the solid dielectric type which is adapted for use at substantially any frequency.
It is an object of this invention to provide a variable condenser of the solid dielectric type which 'is characterized by an infinitely fine variation in capacity.
It is a further object of'this invention to provide such an improved capacitonwhich is adapted for use in a variety of c1rcu1ts and at any current potential."
Yet another object of this invention 1s the provision of an improved capacitor comprising novel elements of design whereby the whole is rendered easy to operateand may be made at a minimum of cost and expense in both labor and materials.
These and other desirable objects of the invention will be described in the accom panying specification and illustrated in the drawing, certain preferred embodiments being shown b way of illustratlon only, for since the un erlying principles may be embodied in other mechanical constructions, it
is not intended to be limited to the ones herein shown except as such limitations are clearly imposed by the appended claims.
In the drawing like numerals refer to simito lar parts thruout the several views, of WlllCh Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a completed assembly;
Fig. 2 is a rear view of the structure shown in Fig. l; n
Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 33 of Fig. 2, certain parts being shown in elevation; and Y Fig. 4 is a cross section of .a modification -of the active elements shown in Fig. 3.
to Referring now to the drawing, there 1s shown a capacitor comprising a base 1 of insulating material such asbakelite, impregnated wood, or other suitable material. This member may have any suitable configuration ac- 4 cording to the size of the completed unit.
' The base member 1 is apertured at 2, 3 and 4 to receive securing means 5,6 and 7 whose function will be described more in detail hereinafter.
' Superimposed on the base and secured similar in construction to member 8 and has thereto by screws 5 and 6 is a fixed capacitor member or stator 8 shown as a block of any metal having the requisite electrical conductivity. This armature is apertured at 9' to receive the threaded terminal 10, which in turn is provided with lock nuts 11, 12 having lock washers 13 interposed therebetween. The armature 8 is substantially prismatic in form, having a bottom 14, vertical sides 15 and back'16, the latter apertured at 9, and an angular face .17. Engaging a slot 18 in the base member as a sheet is a dielectric member 19 lying on the angular face 17 of armature 8 and consisting of mica, sulfur, glass or any other suitable material having the desired dielectric constant and electrical characteristics requisite for a given capacitor. While a number of materials of different electrical characteristics have been illustrated above, it will, of course, be understood that any variation in the dielectric constant desired may be secured by varying either the composition of the material used, or the thickness of the material.- It is preferred to use mica of suitable thickness for most purposes, but where desired, sulfur may appropriately be used, and its characteristics may be varied by incorporating therein a desired percentage of powdered quartz or other like modifying material. This dielectric member 19 may be secured to the plane inclined face 17 of the stator 8 by any suitable cementing material such as flexible collodi-on or other materials having the necessary electrical characteristics and flexible properties. A movable wedge shaped member 20 of suitable configuration is adapted to move in sliding contact on dielectric sheet 19, and the capacity between it and member 8 is varied by varying the relative areas of inclined face 17 of member 8 and inclined face 21 of member 20, which are presented to each other in cooperative relationship. This armature 20 is substantially an angular face 21 and side faces 22, back face 23 and top face 24.. The top face 24 is provided with a channeled portion 25 whose function will be described more in detail hereinafter. This armature 20 is supported and adapted to be moved with respect to member 8 in a manner now to be described.
Mounted on the insulating base 1 is a metallic support 26 comprising a portion 27 adj acent base land angularly disposed with respect to upright portion 28, portion 27 being apertured to receive the bolt and nut construction 7 previously referred to. The upright portion 28 of this support 26 is provided with a threaded aperture 29 to receive a knurled micrometer screw 30 the end of which bears against armature 2O toslide it along inclined dielectric 19. The cooperating threads of the aperture 29 and adjacent member 30 are preferably of the order of 60 to 80 threads per inch in order to secure a mic-rometer adjustment of the parts. The support 26 is provided with a top portion 31 bent at right angles to upright portion. 28 and extending substantially over the entire extent of the upper surface of upper armature 20. Member 31 is apertured at 32 to receive terminal 33,
comprising a shouldered head 34 and a threaded shaft 35. The headed portion 34 is nested in a recess 36 in the lower portion of member 31. Lock nuts 37 and washers 38 are provided to fasten the terminal 33 to the support 31. Cooperating with the movable armature 20 of the condenser assembly is the contact shoe 39 adapted for sliding movement in the channel 25 across the top of armature 20. The shoe is provided with an up standing stud 40 which is adapted to engage a helical spring 41, the upper end of which in turn is adapted to nest in the recess 36. The support member 26 is provided further with a pair of laterally disposed side arms or guard members 42, 43 extending on either side of armature 20, and adapted to prevent any lateral movement thereof.
In operation, the micrometer screw 30 is rotated either in or out, as may be desired, and by its motion causes a relative movement of the armature 20 on the dielectric 19 supported on the stator armature 8. The spring 41 by its pressure on shoe 39 tends to keep the movable armature 20 pressed downwardly and against adjustment 30 pressing the lower surface of 20 against the dielectric surface 19 in constant uniform contact. As above intimated, when the member 30 is moved in or out. the variable member 30 moves accordingly and more or less of its lower surface lies opposite the upper surface of armature 8. The channeled top of 20 is adapted to slide along shoe 39, thereby preventing any lateral translation of the coil spring member 41. This insures a constant pressure on the movable member 20 by the spring assembly and insures constant capacity at any given setting of the micrometer screw 30.
The metal construction of the entire capacitor elements 8 and 20 is perfectly suited for use in ordinary broadcast receiving sets and other circuits where low frequencies are used, and small voltages are encountered. Where it is desired to use the structure disclosed herein in high frequency circuits where enormous energy losses may be met with due to the formation of eddy currents in solid metallic members, the present invention comprehends the use of insulating supports or the like backings for the active metal opposing armature surfaces of members 8 and 20, as for example in Fig. 4.
Referring now to Fig. 4, there is shown in vertical cross section a pair of capacitor elements comprising a stator 44 and a movable element 45 having a suitable dielectric 46 interposed therebetween. These members comprise supporting insulating members 47, 48 of maple wood impregnated with wax or the like, or sulfur or other material having the requisite mechanical strength and electrical characteristics at the frequencies and voltages used. The conducting elements 49, 50 of suitable thickness and electrical conductivity to handle the currents used, such as the sheets shown, are secured to the faces of the supporting members in any suitable manner by bending in sheets or in other manners, not shown, the ends of these members being separated at 51, 52, 53 and 54 to prevent heat losses, due to the short circuited turn effect, which is well known to those dealing with high frequency currents.
This construction maybe substituted for that in Fig. 3 previously described, thereby enabling the same device to be used for short wave purposes without involving any great expense in replacement of the active units.
It will now be seen that there has been provided an improved variable capacitor of the solid dielectric type which is characterized by the ability to handle all types of currents at various potentials and in which a desired capacity regulation is assured by means of a micrometer adjustment.
It will be noted further that due to the s mplicity of the construction and the cheapness of the materials used, labor and costs for assembling are appreciably minimized without in any way detracting from the desired capacity of the finished unit, as well as its ruggedness and ability to function under varying circumstances.
What is claimed is:
.1. A capacitor comprising a sheet of solid dielectric material, a-metal member on each side of said dielectric, means for making electrical connections to each of said metal members and means for shifting at least one of said metal members with respect to the other which comprises a support in which said shiftable member is adjustable, a screw engaging said support for moving said member in one direction, and a spring engaging said support for holding said member against said screw, said insulating sheet being disposed atinn angle, and said spring and screw being'arranged to act upon one metal member at substantially a right angle to each other, said insulating sheet being disposed at about 45 to thedirection in which each of said sprlng and screw acts.
2. A variable capacitor of the solid dielec tric type and including a flat dielectric sheet,
cooperating armatures opposite one another and having fiat faces engaging opposite faces of said dielectric sheet, adjusting means for sliding one of said armatures linearly along the dielectric sheet and varying the cooperating areas of the opposite armature's; and a spring'holding said movable armature 1n responsive relation to said adjusting means in various adjusting positions thereof; said spring also holding said movable armature in its face-to-face relation with its cooperating armature in various adjusted positions of the movable armature corresponding to said various adjusting positions of said adjusting means.
3. A variable capacitor of the solid dielectric type and including a flat dielectric sheet, cooperating armaturesopposite one another and having flat faces engaging opposite faces of said dielectric sheet, adjusting means for sliding one of said armatures linearly along the dielectric sheet and varying the cooperatmg armatures being arranged at an angle to the path of adjusting movement of said adjusting means; a spring pressing said movable armature toward both the dielectric sheet and the adjusting means; and means supporting the other armature, the adjusting means and the spring in cooperating relations with the mov able armature.
4. A variable capacitor of the solid dielectric type and including a flat dielectric sheet, cooperating armatures opposite one another and having fiat faces engaging opposite surfaces of said dielectric sheet; adjusting means for sliding one of said armatures linearly along the dielectric sheet and varying the cooperatlng areas of the opposite armatures; a spring; and means supporting the other armature, the spring and the adjusting means in cooperative relations with the slidable armature wherein thelatter is held in its various adjusted positions by the other armature, the
spring and the adjusting means, and where- 111 the spring in said various adjusted positions of the slidable armature presses the lat- I ter in operative engagement with the dielectric sheet and in operative relation to the ad justing means, and wherein the spring yields to the movement of the slidable armature by the adjusting means while continuing to press the slidable armature against the dielectric sheet,
In testimony whereof 1 hereunto a my signature.
EDWARD J, COMO areas of the opposite armatures; said
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2576488A (en) * 1950-01-20 1951-11-27 Tinius Olsen Testing Mach Co Crimped plate capactance strain gauge
US2635748A (en) * 1947-06-24 1953-04-21 Max M Arlin Electrical gauging and sorting apparatus utilizing standing waves

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2635748A (en) * 1947-06-24 1953-04-21 Max M Arlin Electrical gauging and sorting apparatus utilizing standing waves
US2576488A (en) * 1950-01-20 1951-11-27 Tinius Olsen Testing Mach Co Crimped plate capactance strain gauge

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