US1890468A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Feb. 28. 1929 Inventor Walter Gustav Noack Attorney mula-tors Patented Dec. 13, 1932 UNITED STATES WALTER GUSTAV NoAoK, or nennnswnrznnnann STEAM GENERATOR Application filed February 23, 1929, Serial No. 343,413, and in Germany March 1:, i928.

This invention relates to steam generating plants, and has among its objects methods and arrangements for increasing the Capacity of an existing plant equipped with directly fired steam boilers, to enable supply of. overloads having a steam demand exceeding the 7 capacity of said boilers, by combining the directly fired steam boilers of the plant with a multiple of stages of serially arranged injection steam Vaporizers in which the steam in each stage is generated through admixture of superheated steam supplied from a preceding stage to water supplied to each stage, and utilizing the steam generated in the boil- '15 ers that supply the normal load as exciting steam for the injection vaporizer stages.

- The objects of the invention will be best understood from the following description of an exemplification thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawin illustrating diagrammatically a boiler plant made in accordance with theinventlon.

' The provision of an additional steam sup plyto take care of sudden or expected load increases, is one of the' most dificult problems in steam economics, and is still far from satisfactory solution; Most of the steam plants now in use employ high pressure bOFlers in which the fire and combustion gases are directly applied to the boiler Walls on which the water is evaporated, and in order to be available at a'moments notice, they must, on account of their sluggishness, be H always kept under steam. They are thus very expensive in construction as well as in operation, and make their practical use for taking up prolonged or short load peaks very costly and undesirable. These, disadvantages apply also to the use of steam accu for supplying abnormal load peaks. 7

Accumulators have the further disadvantage that, in the case of power plants, they require special turbines which have an un-' favorable steam consumption due to the flucvof steam thus generated in the multi-stag'e intuation of the steam pressure, and thus further decrease the eificiency and increase the expense of operation.

According to the invention, steam generating plants having ordinary, directly fired boilers with a capacity sufiicient to supply a limited, for instance. normalload, are ar from the load all or a part of the steam gen- '55 erated by said boilers to amulti-stageinjection steam vaporizer, and utilizi'ngit as initfal heating. steam for producingin theva porizer a multiple of the-received steam and supplying the so produced steam to the load to take care of the excessive demand. Such multi-stage injection steam vaporizer is formed of a few serially connected stages of an injection steam generator as described in Farber U.IS.' Patent 1,723,340, each stage he ing arranged to receive superheated steam and admix it to preheated water, evaporating the waterlwith the superheat present in the received steam and thus generating fresh steam which with 1 the cooled-down received superheated steam is then delivered to the succeeding stage, where the process is repeated. 7 A single vaporization stage gives only a limited increase of steam, about 20 to 40% of the received steam, depending on'pressure and temperature. V

By connecting several stages in series, the initial steam, diverted'from theboilers and received by the first stage,rwill thus be multplied in the first stage, and the steam-from the first stage in the second, and in this way, large steam quantities can be produced at the last stage, from where it is, after super-heating, supplied to the load. The final quantity jectionvaporizer is given-by the formula Q=G(1+a') where G is the initial steam quantity in kilograms, designated as exciting steam, received by the first stage, a is the quantity in. kg. of new steam generated in one y stage by one kilogram superheated steam, and n is-the number of the injection vaporizer stages in series.

set of steam boilers generates the steam needsetof steam boilers generates the steam needed for the normal load and supplies it directly to the consuming devices. 7 The additional quickly acting injection steam vapor- V izers may be left inactive during such normal operating conditions.

However, if at some moment there appears a demand for steam to supply temporary or prolonged peak loads beyond the capacity of the directly fired boiler set, a part, orv all, of the steam from the boiler set, instead of being sent directly to the consuming devices, is sent as exciting steam into the multi-stage injectionsteam vaporizer which, through the instantaneous readiness for operation, forthwith starts converting the received exciting steam into a multiplethereof, delivering it to the consuming devices. Since the quantity of steam required for peak cond'tions in most cases does not exceed two to three times the normalsteam demand, an injection steam .Va-

por'iz er' with three or five stages, depending on the pressure, and the temperature of. the steam, will be sufificient for most cases. Furthermor'e, since these injection steam vapors izers have small masses, thin' superheater tubes, and, with proper firing, are quick to start supplying additional steam, they are ale Ways ready for operation'and can immediately start to supply the additional demand.

In the accompanying drawing, illustrating an exemplification ofthe, invention, there is shown a setof ordinary boilers 1 requiring heating of largewater masses for generating steam, such as directly fired boilers of an existing plant, which deliver steam for driving the steam turbines 2, after passing the steam through superheaters 3 and therefrom through a steam distributing pipe system 4 t o'whi'ch the turbines 2 are connected. This L set of boilers 1 serves to supply the normal steam demand of the turbines. With'this set of ordinary boilers'is combined-amultistage injection steam vaporizer 5rcomprising a plu v rality of serially connected vaporizer stages, each having avaporizer vessel 6- with a steam inlet 7 and a water inlet 8, and a superheater coil 9. :The injection water for thevaporizer vessel that is to be converted into'steam is taken from a reservoir holding a quantityofwater and having a pipe connection to the water inlets 8 ofthe'vaporizer vessel 6,

from the'pre'ceding vessel is superheated and brought into the adjacent vaporizer vessel,

the excesswater from the vaporizer vessels flowing back to the reservoir 10' through a common pipe connected, to the bottoms of the vaporizer vessels. 7 In thesuperheater coils 9.

relatively cool, as heat-Carrier acting, steam where the'water injected at the inlet 8 mixes with the steam and becomes evaporated by the heat of the admitted superheated steam.

The fresh generated steam and the. cooled Y down received superheated steam pass into the next superheater coil 9 and after superheating enter into the next vessel, as indicated by the arrows in the drawing.

The water injected into the vaporizer vessels at 8 may be preheated by suitable preheaters, such as 11. The injection water may also be taken in preheated condition through a pipe connection with the water spaces of the set of. ordinary boilers 1. The reservoir 10 may, with advantage, beused' water accumulator. V

The set of boilers 1 is provided with its as; a hot 1 usual firing equipment, and the superheater coils 3 of these boilers, and the superheater coils 9 of the injection Vaporizers 5 are suitably arranged to be heated for super heating the steam passing therethrough. To operate the injection vaporizer, superheatedv steam generatedby the-set'of boilers 1 is supplied from pipe system 4: through aicompressor 2 to the first vaporizer stage, and the received steam is multiplied 1n the successive stages,

totalquantity of steam available for the-turf bines can be increased by converting in the injection steam vaporizer a quantity of steam taken from the pipe system 4 into a multiple thereof. The flow of the steam through the series of vaporizer vessels and superheater coils of the injection vaporizersis accome vpanied by a certain pressure drop. The compressor 12 in the line of steam supply from the pipe system 4 to the first stage of the injection vaporizer 15 serves to supply this pressure. This pressure drop can also-be secured by raising slightly above normal the working pressureof the-boilers 1,. thepipe system .thaving valves 4a forsegregating the section to which theboilers 1 and inlet 7 of the first vaporizer stage is connected from the section to which the last-vaporizerstage to the injection vaporizer, where it is multiplied by the series of vap'orizations in the individual stages and a multiple of the. re

ceived amount-return ed to the pipe system 1.

Then the overload is very large, all the steam from boilers 1 may be used as exciting steam. one section of pipe system ,4.- receiving the steam. from the boilers l and delivering it to '90 being delivered from the last vaporizer stage p back to the pipe system. In this manner the pheres, and350-37 5 C. superheat, and if the steam in the injection vaporizers is superheated to 400 (3., it is possible to obtain with a four stage steam injection vaporizer 2.3 of the boiler steam, this being sufficient for most peaks. In order to secure an instantaneous increase of steam generation, which requires supply of heat to the superheater coils of the injection Vaporizers, combustion oil, gas, or coal powder are preferably used for firing, these fuels enabling ready'adaptation of the firing to the variations of the steam demand.

\Vherever the term injection vaporizer, or injection steam vaporizer, is used in the specification or in the claims, it is intended to designate one vaporizer stage, or a plurality serially arranged vaporizer stages, such stage comprising a vaporizer vessel arranged to receive superheated steam, admixit with water, either by injection of the steam into the Water, or the water into the steam, evaporate the Water with the superheat present in the re ceived superheated steam, and deliver at the outlet from said vessel the cooled-down superheated steam With an additional volume of fresh steam generated in the vessel.

The invention claimed is:

1. The method of obtaining excess'steam for supplying overloads of short or long duration from an existing boiler aggregate of a capacity insufiicient to supply theoverloads, which comprises supplying the steam from said boiler aggregate to the load during ab sence of overload, and, in case of overload demand, diverting all. or a part of the steam generated by said boiler aggregate from the load and passing it as exciting steam into a multi-stage injection steam vaporizer'producing therein additional steam, and delivering the steam so produced in the vaporizer to the load to supply the overload demand.

2. The method of obtaining excess steam for supplying transient overload peaks of short or long duration from a boiler aggreof a capacity insutficient to supply the peak loads, and a multi-stage injection steam vaporizer, which comprises supplying the steam from said boiler aggregate to the load during absence of peak load, While maintaining said vaporizer inactive, and, in caseof peak load demand, diverting all or a part of the steam generated bysaid bolier aggregate from the load and passing as exciting steam into said multi-stage injection steam vaporizer producing therein additional steam, and delivering the steam so produced peak :demand.

in the vaporizer to the loadtofsupply the peak demand. a '4 .1

3. The method of obtaining excess steam for supplying transient overload peaks of short or long duration from a directly fired boiler aggregate of a capacity insuflicient to supply the peak loads, and a multi-stage in j ectionsteam vaporizer, which comprises supplying the steami'rom said boileraggregate to the load during absence of peak load, While maintaining-saidavaporizer inactive, and,- in

case of peakaload demand, diverting all or a part of the steam generated by" said boiler aggregate from the l'oadand passing it as exciting steam into said multistage injection steam vaporizer producing therein additional steam, and delivering the "steam soaproduced in the vaporizer tothe load to supply the.

peakzdemand.

4. The'method of obtaining excess steam for supplying transient overloadc'peaksof short or long duration from a boileraggregate, of a capacity insufficient to supply the.

peak loads, and a multi-stage injection steam vaporizer, ,-Which comprises supplying the steamtrom'said boiler aggregate to the load during absence of peak load, while maintaining said vaporizer-inactive, and, incase of peakload demand, raisingthe pressure of the steam generated bysaid boiler-aggregate, diverting steam. generated by'said boiler ag-- gregate from the load and under-the action of the additional pressure passing it as exciting. steam. into said 1multi-stage injection steam vaporizerproducing therein additional inthe vaporizer to'rthe load to supply the 5.v The method of obtaining excesssteam for supplying transient overload" peaks of short or long duration from a boiler aggre gate of a capacity insufiicient to supplythe the steam generated by said boiler aggregate 115 from the load, additionally compressing the diverted steamfand under the action of the additional pressure passing it-as exciting steam into said multistageinjecti'on steam vaporizer producing therein additional steam, and delivering the steamso produced in the vaporizer to the load to supplythe peak demand, c

6.: In a steam'plant, slowly responsive sluggishly acting boiler aggregate, a steam consuming load, a steam distributing pipe system,- a quickly responsive instantaneously lasting injection steam vaporizer, and means for diverting all or a part of the steamgenerated by said aggregate from said load-and passing it as exciting steam into saidinjecsteam, and deliveringthe steam so produced and deliver it to the load.

1 7. In a steam plant,ja slowly responsive sluggishly acting directly fired boiler aggregate, a steam consuming load, a steam dlstributing pipe system, a quickly responsive instantaneously acting injection steam vaporizer, and means on said pipe system for diverting all or a part of the steam generated by said aggregate from said load and passing it as exciting steam into said injection vapor- Qizer toproduce additional steam and deliver consuming load, asteam distributing pipe system, a quickly responsive instantaneously tion vaporizer to produce additional steam the section of said pipe'system connected to the load forpredeterminedly delivering the steam from" said vaporizer {to the load, and compressor means 1n the connection to, the 1nlet side of said injection vaporizer for raising the pressure of the exciting steam diverted to said injection vaporizer to drive the steam therethrough.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 14th day of February A. D. 1929. I

WALTER GUSTAV 'NOACK,

actinginjectio'n'steam vaporizer,;means for- V diverting all or a part of the steam generated by said aggregate from said load and passing it as exciting steam into said injection vaporv izer touproducelsteam and deliver it to the load, and means'for raising the pressure of theiexciting steam diverted to said injection vaporizer to. drive the steam therethrough.

V 9.VI11 ai steam pl'ant, a slowly responsive slu'ggishly acting directlyi fired boiler aggregate, a steam consuming load, a steam distributing pipe system having a plurality of sections arranged to be interconnected or disconnected, connections from said boiler aggregate and said load to' diflerent sections of Y saidopipe system for supplying the steam gen- .erate'din said boiler aggregate to said load,

a quickly responsive instantaneously acting in ection steam vaporizer, means connecting the inlet side of said injection steam vaporizer to the pipe system section connected to said boiler aggregate for predeterminedly diverting steam generated therein as exciting steam into said injection vaporizer to produce therein additional steam, and means, connecting the outletside of said injection vaporizer to the section of said pipe system 7 connected to the load for predeterminedlydelivering the steam from said vaporizer to the loa v 10. In asteam plant, a slowly responsive sluggishly acting directly fired boiler aggregate, a steam consuming load, a steam distributing pipe systemhaving a'plurality of sections arrangedto be'interconnected or disconnected, connections' from said boiler aggregate and said load to different sections of said pipe system for supplying the steam generated in said boiler aggregate to said load, a quickly responsive instantaneously acting injection steam, vaporizer, means connecting the inlet side of said injection steam vaporizer to the pipe system section connected to said boiler aggregate for predeterminedly diverting steam generated therein as excitingsteam into said injection vaporizer to produce therein additional-steam, means connecting the outlet side of said injection vaporizer to UERTEFWATE 0F GORREGTEON.

Patent No. 1,890,468. December 13, 1932.

WALTER GUSTAJ NOAGK.

It is hereby certified that error appears in tire printed specificatien 0f the abrwe numbered patent requiring correction as feliews: Page 2, line 4, strike cut the WGl'dS "set of steam beilers generates the steam need-" and insert instead "With such arrangement the directly fired"; page 3, line 61, claim 2, for the misspeiied ward "boiier" read "better"; and that the said Letters Patent shmald be read with these eorreetiens therein that the samemay conform to the recerd if the case in the Patent (Mice,

Signed and sealed this 7th day of February, A. D. 1933.

M. Moore,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patients.

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