US1885004A - Injection nozzle - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 25, 1932. T, CRUMBAKER 1,885,004

INJECTION NOZZLE Filed May 21, 1930 IZLLLLLLICLLLIII fix I Ir 1 W (MM Patented Oct. 25, 1932 UNITED STATES ALL-EN T. CRUMBAKER, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK INJECTION NOZZLE Application filed May 21, 1930. Serial No. 454,468.

This invention relates to fuel injection apparatus for oil engines of the so-called solid injection type.

More particularly the invention consists in a nozzle structure effective to spray the 011 into the engine cylinder, and effective to maintain predetermined characteristics of the spray under variable engine speeds and loads, thereby to improve the flexibility,

commercial utility and economy of this type of engine.

In an oil engine where the solid injection principle is employed it is extremely important that the charge of oil or fuel shall be injected with a proper velocity, and in a state of division sufficiently fine to permit an effective combination of the oil with the change of air in the cylinder. Under different conditions or with different engines, the amount of oil and the degree of atomization required may Vary and the pressure likewise may vary and it is an object of the present invention to provide means by the use of which variations in the pressure and in the degree of atomization may be effected.

It is well known that in engines of the Diesel type, the developed heat of compression will act to heat the injection nozzle and surrounding elements to such a degree as will 80 occasionally prevent their functioning in a proper manner. These elements will tend to expand under the influence of heat and any movable parts thereof are apt to bind. Accordingly,. another object of the present invention is to provide means for adequately cooling the nozzle and also for cooling the valve which controls flow of fuel through the nozzle.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle shaped and constructed in such a manner that it may be substituted for any known types of nozzle now in use, thereby to improve and increase'the efficiency of the engine in which it is used.

To the attainment ofthe above and other objects which will appear as the description proceeds reference may be made to the accompanying sheet of drawing, in which Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation;

Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking downwardly;

Fig. 3 is an elevation of one nozzle element looking at right angles to Fig. 1 and presenting the flat or inner face of the element; and

Fig. 4 is a plan of the extreme end of the nozzle looking upward in Fig. 1.

Efforts have been made in the past to correct inadequate spraying by employing injection orifices normally closed by spring seated valves. but these do not respond with sufficient delicacy to changes in the amount of charge. By the present invention requisite responses and range of capacity are secured by the provision of a nozzle having a normally closed resilient and self-adjusting orifice, which yields to the varying pressure of the charge and provides an injection opening exactly appropriate to such pressure, thereby to produce a spray blast eminently suited with respect to direction and fineness of atomization to a wide range of engine conditions. Such an orifice has a tendency to maintain a constant and adequate spray velocity for all volumes of liquid discharged, all variations in injection pressures being responsive instantly to the pressure of the charge of fuel.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a threaded opening 10 in the cylinder head 11 is provided and an injection apparatus seated therein. Such apparatus comprises a housing 12 having a tubular portion 13 which is externally threaded to engage the opening 10. An oil line 14 communicating with any suitable source of oil under pressure (not shown) has its end seated in a packing member 15, and held in place by a cap or-nut 16 threaded in the upper portion of the housing 12. In order to provide an oil tight joint, the end of the line 14 is enlarged as at 17, the P cking 15 being suitably recessed to receive such enlargement, and a gasket 18 is placed between the nut 16 and the packing 15. Compression of the gasket against the packing 15 and-around the enlargement 17 Will provide a substantially non-leakable joint with the packing member 15. This member is perforated as at 19 to provide a continuation of the oil line and suitably counter sunk inafter'deseribed.

The nozzle proper consists of two duplicate members 25 each forming one half of the completed nozzle and tip. These members are each provided with a central depression 26, of semi-circular cross-section which, when the two members are placed face to face against each other and secured in positionwill form a cylindrical chamber 27, extending almost entirely the length of the nozzle 25. i

The tip of each nozzle member is hollow ground as at 28 leaving lip portions 29 eX- tending entirely across the end of the nozzle in close engagement with each other. ater cooling passages 30 are provided for each ember 25, so that a complete circulation into and out of each member may be effected. To facilitate draining of such passages an opening or plug 32 may be used at the lower end of the cooling channel.

Upon assembly of the entire device the nozzle members 25-, having been accurately machined to provide a close fit with each other are inserted in assembled relation through the tubular portion 13 of the housing 12 with the upper flanged ends 33 seated on the portion 13, a gasket preferably being placed therebetween. A check valve 21 is placed in the central opening 27, and is urged upwardly against the seat 20 by a spring 34E. It should be noted that the channels 26 are suitably enlarged over a portion of their length to accommodate this spring, and to provide a flange 35 on which the said spring seats. The portion 14 of the oil line and the cap or nut 16 are then placed above the packing 15 and the device is ready for operation. Pressure of oil through the line will force the lips 29 away from each other to form an opening extending transversely of the nozzle. Because of the hollow ground portions 28 this opening will start centrally of the nozzle tip and will spread to the sides in radial directions in accordance with the degree of pressure placed on the oil, the normal resiliency or elasticity of the members and lips permitting this spreading and effecting a return of the parts upon removal of pressure.

In order to provide for increased pressures or to provide a variation in the degree of opening of the nozzle, collars 36 are provided. Any number of these collars may be used-in accordance with the requirements of the particular engine, or working conditions, and it will be evident that the closer these collars are placed to the lips 29, the higher the degree of pressure that will be required to open the nozzle lips.

The members 25 are threaded as indicated at 37 over a substantial portion of their length, beginning with the extreme tip or lip portion 2, as indicated at 27, to receive the collars 36. Packing 38 in the form of annular gaskets will effectually prevent leakage of oil between the sections 25, and around the collars. 1

The importance of the collarscannot be over-estimated, for it is by the use thereof that variations in the degree of atomization are obtained, and likewise it is by their use that an effective spray of oil under variable pressure conditions is obtained.

It will also be obvious that the nozzle element itself embodying the two sections 25, and the collar or collars surrounding same may be utilized in lieu of any nozzle now in use. This can be accomplished by merely detaching the older nozzle and substituting the present form of nozzle by any desirable type of pipe connection, that shown in Fig. 1 being one example.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member formed with a resilient lip normally closing one end thereof, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby'to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, and means to adjustably restrict movements of said lip thereby to vary the opening resistance of said end to fuel pressures.

2. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closing one end thereof, said member consisting of a plurality of sections having mating surfaces each provided w th a channel, said channels together forming a bore for said member, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, and means to vary the opening resistance of said end, to fuel pressures.

3. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closing one end thereof, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, and means to vary the opening resistance of said end, to fuel pressures, comprising a collar encircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof.-

4. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closing one end thereof, said member consisting of a plurality of sections having mating surfaces each provided witlra channel, said channels together forming n; bore for said member. means to sppply fiiel under pressure to said nozzle thereby to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, and means to vary the opening resistance of said end, to fuel pressures, comprising a collar encircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof.

5. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member having a spray tip normally closing one end thereof, said tubular member being split at the tip to provide an orifice, means to supply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to open said normally closed end and spray the 011, and means at said tip offering a variable resistance to oil pressure within the member, and means to vary the opening resistance of said end, to oil pressures.

6. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a split tubular member having a spray tip normally .closjing one end thereof, means to supply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to open sald normally closed end and spray the oil, means at said tip ofiering a variable resistance to 011 pressure within the member, consisting of a pair of contacting lips of radially increasing thickness, and means to vary the opening resistance of said end, to oil pressures.

7. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member having a spray tip normally closing one end thereof, said tubular member being split-at the tip to provide an orifice, means to supply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to open said normally closed end and spray the pil, means at said tip offering a variable resistance to oil pressure within the member, and

means to vary the opening resistance of said end to oil pressures comprising a collar encircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof.

8. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a split tubular member having a spray tip normally closing one end thereof, means to supply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to open said normally olosedend and spray the oil, means at said tip offering a variable resistance to oil pressure within the member, consistin of a pair of lips of radially increasing thic mess, and means to vary the opening resistance of said end, to oil pressures, comprising a collar encircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof.

9. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member formed with a resilient ti normally closing one end thereof, said mem er-consisting of a plurality of sections having mating surfaces each rovided with a channel, said channels toget er forming a bore for said member, means to su ply fuel under pressure to said nozzle there y to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, means to vary the opening resistance of said end to fuel pressures, and means to circulate cooling fluid through each of said sections.

10. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closin one end thereof, said member consisting o a plurality of sections having mating surfaces each provided with a channel, said channels together forming a bore for said member, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, means to vary the opening resistance of said end to fuel pressures, comprising a collar encircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof, and means to circulate coolin fluid a depression in its end adjacent its respective lip thereby to produce a lip, the thickness of which, measured in a plane normal to the axis of the nozzle, increases outwardly from the center, whereby said nozzle will have a tip portion offering a variable resistance to oil pressures within the nozzle, increasing radially outward from the center of the tip.

12. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, comprising diametrically opposed members having normally contacting surfaces, opposed channels therein forming a bore for said nozzle, opposed contacting surfaces adjacent one end of said nozzle and effective to normally close an end of said bore, means to supply oil to said nozzle under pressure sufficiently great to force said bore closing surfaces :apart thereby to permit atomized spraying of said fuel from the nozzle, and adjustable means to vary the resistance of said bore closing surfaces to the pressure of the oil.

13. In a direct fuel injection system for internal combustion engines, an injection valve comprising a tubular member, having a bore normally closed at one end, said tubular member being split at said normally closed end of the bore means to mount said member in an internal combustion engine,

means to connect said member to a source,

of fuel under sufficient pressure to open the normally closed bore, and adjustable means to vary the resistance of the bore closure to said fuel pressure.

14. In a direct fuel injection system for in- Ian te rnal combustion engines, an injection valve ance of the bore closure to said fuel pressure comprising a collar adjustably encircling said member.

15. Ina direct fuel. injection system for ino ternal combustion engines, an injection valve comprising a tubular member, having a bore normally closed at one end, said tubular member being split at said normally closed end of the bore means to mount said member in 20 an internal combustion engine, means to connect said member to a source of fuel under sufficient pressure to open the normally closed bore at the split end, means to vary the resistance of the bore closure to said fuel pressure 15 comprising a collar adjustably encircling said member, and means extending through the tubular member to water cool said member. 16. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising a tubular 20 member of substantially constant diameter throughout its length and having a resilient tip normally closing one end thereof, means to su ply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby to open said normally closed end and 25 spray the fuel, and means to vary the opening resistance of said end to fuel pressures comprising a plurality of collars each having substantially equal internal diameters, said collars being arranged to encircle said mem- :-:9 her for adjustment along the line thereof.

in testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ALLEN T. CRUMBAKER.

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