US1884006A - Antenna - Google Patents

Antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US1884006A
US1884006A US304445A US30444528A US1884006A US 1884006 A US1884006 A US 1884006A US 304445 A US304445 A US 304445A US 30444528 A US30444528 A US 30444528A US 1884006 A US1884006 A US 1884006A
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United States
Prior art keywords
conductors
antenna
pair
radiation
pairs
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US304445A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nils E Lindenblad
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to NL28726D priority Critical patent/NL28726C/xx
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23176540&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US1884006(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US304445A priority patent/US1884006A/en
Priority to FR668407D priority patent/FR668407A/fr
Priority to GB25121/29A priority patent/GB318619A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1884006A publication Critical patent/US1884006A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennae, and more particularly to directional antennae for the propagation or reception of short wave Signals.
  • the conductor may be consi ered as composed of successive half wave length linear oscillators connected end to end, in which case there will be no summation of energy nor radiation in an end-on direction because each of the half wave oscillators does not radiate along its axis.
  • there is no radiation at right angles to the wire because although each half wave length oscillator might tend to radiate in this direction, the successive half wave length radiators are opposed in phase, so that at a distance from the wire the average effect is zero.
  • the radiation has so far been reduced to a bidirectional radiation, and a further object of my invention is to make it unidirective, for which purpose I provide another pair of simple linear conductors arranged to form another antenna such as I have already described, spaced apart from the first antenna an odd number of quarter wavelengths in the direction of desired propagation, and energized in phase quadrature so that the entire system "is made unidirective.
  • a ure reflector action may be employed, in w ich case only one of the pairs of conductors is energized, m the case of a transmitterforponnected to the receivin set, in the case of a receiver, wh1le the ot er pair of conductors is properly tuned and spaced and staggered so as to provide reflector action by reason of the energy transferred thereto from the other pair of conductors.
  • each antenna consisting of conductors lying in a single plane, while the various antennae lie in vertically spaced parallel planes, and are coupled together so as to operate electrically in parallel.
  • the spacing of these planes may be any spacing desired, particularly if a large number is used, but should preferably be a half wave length especially when only two antennae are use
  • a number of antenna may be used which are spaced apart in a horizontal direction, so as to present a broadside array.
  • a further object of my invention is to elevate the pro agated wave, and this may be done either y arranging the antenna system with the linear conductors spaced apart in a horizontal direction, but with their plane tilted upwards in the'direction of desired propagation, or by arranging all of the conductors so that they lie in a vertical plane, and are spaced apart vertically, and either lie horizontally in said plane, or at such an angle with the horizontal that the wave is propagated at the desired elevation. To then sharpen the directivity in azimuth a number of such antennae lying in horizontally spaced vertical planes may be used.
  • FIG. 3 represents my antenna in simplest form
  • FIG. 4 represents a bidirective antenna constructed in accordance with my invention
  • Figure 5 is a unidirective antenna employin an energized reflector
  • igure 6 1s a unidirective antenna employing a tuned reflector
  • Figure 7 is a modification of Fig. 5;
  • Figure 8 indicates schematically an antenna system employing a plurality of antennae spaced vertically and horizontally to increase directivity in elevation and in azimuth, respectively;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic representation of an antenna and reflector lying in a vertical plane to obtain elevated radiation.
  • Figure 10 indicates schematically a broadside aray of antennae lying in vertical planes to increase the directivity in azimuth.
  • Figure 1 there is shown a simple linear conductor 2 a half wave in length.
  • the attern in section, being a figure 8 such as is indicated by the lobes 4 and 6.
  • the transmission line 24 which interconnects the transmitter and the antenna is long, so that standing waves thereon might tend to cause undesired radiation, the transmission line may be closed with an impedance matching device 26, so that standing waves exist only between the device 26 and the antenna, and not on the line 24.
  • he transverse spacing of the conductors is indicated by the dimension D, and should-be such, preferably, that when multiplied by the cosecant of the an 1e so of radiation or, the product will e ual an o d wave len the antenna will be effectually prenumber of half wave lengths, or in this case the radiation from the two conductors will combine exa'ctl in phase.
  • the spacing D be one or more wholes, in which case radiation transversel o vented; but this condition can only be met for certain special cases of the angle a, and is not important, owing to the fact that each wire is essentially non-radiative in a normal direction.
  • the arrangement preferably is slightly modified as in Figure 6, in which are staggered so as to make an angle a with the transverse axis of the antenna, and the same applies tothe reflecting conductors 214- and 216.
  • thedistance D is so chosen that when mult' lied by the cosecant of the angle aHthe product will equal an oddnumber of half wav lengths, so that radiation in the direction 0 stagger will be added as nearly as possible in phase, and
  • the distance D may, if desired,
  • the conductors 14 and 16 are energized in phase opposition from a transmitter 20, and if desired, an imped nce matching device 26, and tuning means 2, may be employed.
  • the conductors 214 and 216 are coupled in phase opposition, and are provided with a tuning eans 222, here illustrated as a trombone slide, so that the reflector may be tuned to favor the production of standing waves.
  • the transmitter is coupled to the antenme through a transmission line 24, which is coupled to the trombone slide 46 at points so spaced that the impedance of the line is matchedm
  • the trombones 46 are interconnected by a line 90, the ends of which are coupled to the trombone slides at points so spaced that the impedance of the line is matched, so that there is a travelling rather 5 than a standing wave on the line.
  • the line may be used to introduce a phase change, and is made one, three or five etcJ, quarter waves in length to obtain phase quadrature in the antennae.
  • the conductors 114 and 116 are lengthened by the addition of the loops 94 and 96, so as ⁇ 5' to equal the conductors 14 and 16 in length.
  • Ammeters 98, shunted to the trombone slides 46, are made to read alike, and at a maximum, when the antenna is properly adjusted.
  • the spacing should preferabl be a half or odd number of half wave lengt so as to provide complete cancellation in an up and down direction.
  • the structure is arranged at an angle a, in azlmuth, relative to the fed cophasially,
  • a plurality of antennae may be arranged in broadside, and
  • each antenna lies must be correspondingly tilted or elevated away from a truly horizontal direction.
  • the antennae so far described provide horizontal polarization.
  • an antenna consisting of two pairs of conductors, such as has already been described in connection with Fi ures 5, 6, and 7, in a vertical plane, as is indicated in Figure 9, radiation with vertical polarization may be provided.
  • the antenna is directed in the direction of desired propagation in azimuth, and the angle or provides the angle of elevation.
  • This arrangement is desirable because the elevated radiation is obtained without the expense of an elaborate supporting structure for holding the antenna at the corresponding angle. Slight changes in the angle of elevation may be made by slightly changing the position of the conductors, relative to the horizontal, while keeping them in a vertical plane.
  • each of the an-' tennae 70, 72, and 74 is an antenna such as has been described in either of Figures 5, 6, or 7, and the various antenna: areenergized electrically in parallel through a branched transmission line system 76, 78, 80.
  • the branches are so arranged that the antennae are energized cophasially, and they are preferably spaced a half wave apart, but may be at any spacing, especially when a considerable number antennae are employed.
  • This antenna system propagates a vertically polarized elevated wave.
  • a directional antenna comprising a collaterally s aced pair of simple linear conductors a apted to have standing waves formed thereon which are long, relative to the working wave length, and means energizing'said conductors in pgase opposition at adjacent ends of said con uctors, said conductors lying on the same. side .as said energizing means and extending away from said energizin means whereby radiant action occurs pre ominahitly in a direction making equal angles greater than zero degrees with reference to said conductors.
  • a directional antenna comprising a collaterally s aced pair of substantially are allel simp e linear" conductors adapted to have standing waves formed thereon which are long, relative to the working wave length, and means energizin said conductors in phase opposition, sai
  • A'directional antenna comprising a collaterally spaced pair of substantially paral-- lel simple linear conductors which are long, relative torthe working wave length, means I 7 coupling said conductors in phase opposition,
  • a directional antenna comprising a collaterally spaced pair of simple linear con-' 'ductors which are long, relative to the working wave length, and which are so staggered longitudinally, that radiation in one pair oi opposite critical directions' is strengthened, while radiation in the conjugate air of opposite critical directions is wea ened, and
  • a directional antenna comprising acollaterally spaced pair of substantially parallel simple linear conductors which are long, rel- V ative to the working wave len h, and which 1 are so staggered, longitudinal y, that radiation in onepair of opgsite'critlcal directions is strengthened, whi e radiation in the conn jugate pair of opposite critical directions is 5 weakened, means cou ling said conductors in I phase opposition, an means .for tuning. said conductors and con ling means to an overall *electrical length 0 an odd number of half waves, so as to cause standing waves of oppoqp site polarity on the conductors.
  • a directional antenna comprisin conductors all lyin in the same plane, the conductors ineach 0 said, airsof conductors es being long, relative to t 'e working wave conductors lying on the antenna unidirective, and means couplintfi two pairs of collaterally spaced simple inea'r" po it cr ti a 4 pairs of conductors being so stage and 130 ing two pairs of collaterallyigpaced and substantially parallel simple earconductors all lying in the same plane, each conductor being longfrelative to the working wave length, the conductors in each pair being so staggered, longitudinally that radiation in one pair of opposite critical directions is strengthened, while radiation in the conju- 8 gate pair of opposite critical directions isweakened, means coupling the conductors in each pair in phase oppositlon, means for tuningtsaid conductors and coupling means to an overall electrical length of an odd number of half waves; so as to cause standing waves of opposite polarity on the'conductors in each pair, said pairs
  • a directive transmission spaced apart in the direction of principal radiation as to make the antenna unidirectional, means coupling the pairs of conductors in phase opposition, a radio transmitter forenergizing the conductors, and means coupling the transmitter to at least one of the pairs of conductors in phase opposition.
  • a directive transmission system comprising two pairs of collaterally spaced and substantially parallel simple linear conductors all lying in the same plane, each conductor being long, relative to the working wave length, the conductors in each pair being so staggered, longitudinally, that radiation in one pair of opposite critical directions is strengthened, while radiation in-the conjugate pair of opposite critical directions is weakened, means coupling the conductors in each pair in phase opposition, means for tuning said conductors and coupling means to an overall electrical length of an odd number of half waves, so as to cause standing waves of opposite polarity on the conduc-- tors in each pair, said pairs of conductors being so spaced apart in the direction of principal radiation as to make the antenna unidirective a radio transmitter for energizing the conductors, and means coupling the transmitter to said pairs of conductors in phase quadrature.
  • a directional antenna system including a plurality of unidirectional antennae lying in spaced parallel planes, each antenna comprising two pairs of,co1laterally spaced and substantially parallel simple linear conductors lying in a single plane, the conductors being long, relative to the working wave length, the conductorsin each of said pairs being so staggered, longitudinally, that radiation in one pair of opposite critical directions is strengthened, while radiation in the conjugate pair of opposite critical directions is weakened, means coupling the conductors in each pair in' tuning said con uctors and couplin means to an overall electrical length ofan d number of half waves, so as .to cause standing waves of opposite polarity on the conductors in each pa1r, said pairs of conductors being 0 so staggered and spaced apart in the direction of principal radiation as to make the antenna unidirectional, and means coupling corresponding pairs of conductors in each of the antennae in parallel and in proper phase 66 to radio equi ment.
  • a uni irectional antenna system including a plurality of unidirectional antennae lying in spaced parallel vertical planes, each antenna comprising two pairs of collaterally spaced and substantially horizontal parallel simple linear conductors lying in a single lane, said planes being spaced transverse y of the antenna so as to sharpen the directivity in azimuth, the conductors 06- being long relative to the working wave hase opposition, means for antenna unidirectional, and means coupling length, the conductors in each of said pairs being so staggered, longitudinally, that radiation in one pair of op osite critical directions is strengthened, w ile radiation in the conjugate pair of opposite criticaldirections is weakened, means coupling the conductors in each pair in phase opposition, means for tuning said conductors and couplin means to an overall electrical length of an o d number of half'waves, so as to cause standing waves of opposite polarity on the conductors in each pair, said pairs of conductors being so staggered and spaced apart in the direction of principal radiation as to
  • a directive transmission system including a plurality of unidirective antennae lying in spaced parallel planes, each antenna comprising two pairs of collaterally spaced and substantially parallel simple linear conductors lying in a single plane, the conductors being long, relative to the workin wave length, the conductors in each of sai pairs being so staggered, longitudinally, that radiation in one pair of opposite critical directions is strengthened, while radiation in the conjugate pair of opposite critical directions is weakened, means coupling the conductors in each pair in hase opposition, means for tuning said con uctors and coupling means to an overallelectric'al length of an odd number of half waves,so as to cause standing waves of opposite olarity on the conductors in each pair, sai pairs of conductors being so staggered and spaced apart in the direction of principal radiation as to make the antenna unidirectional, a radio trans-. mitter for energizing said antennae andmeans couplin corres onding pairs of conductors in sac of said antennae in parallel and in
  • unidirectional short wave antenna 11 comprising four collaterally spaced substantially parallel wires which are long, relative to the working wave length, all lying in a single plane, means for coupling pairs of the wires in phase opposition, means for tun- 115 ing the pairs of wires to an odd number of half waves in total electrical length so as to cause standing waves of opposite polarity.
  • the wires in each pair bein stag- I geredlongitudinally so that their en s form I the same angle, relative to the transverse axis of the antenna, that the direction of principal radiation makes with the long tudinalaxis of the antenna, and spaced apart an odd number of half wave len direction of-principal radiation, t e pairs of conductors being so staggered and spaced apart that energy from one pair combines with the energy from the other pair in base so 'as to ma e the antenna unidirectional, 130
  • a unidirectional short wave antenna co'mprising four collaterally spaced substantially parallel wires which are long, relative to the working wave length, all lyin in a' together pairs of the wires and for tumng t em to an odd number of half waves in total electrical length so as to cause standlgwaves of opposite polarity thereon, the wires in each-pair being staggered longitudinally so that their ends form' the same angle, relative to the transverse axis of the 1 antenna, that the direction of principal radiation makes with-the longitudinal axis of the antenna, and spaced apart an odd number of half wave lengths in the direction of principal radiation, the pairs of conducao tors bein spaced aparta quarter wave length in the 'rection of principal radiation, a
  • the method of securing unidirectional electro magnetic wave propagation which includes producing a standing wave, producing another physically shifted standing wave of o posite polarity, and combining the fields pro ticed by the standing waves whereby propagation of electro-magnetic energy is unidirectional.
  • a directional antenna comprising a collateral] spaced pair of simple'hnear conductors w 'c are long, relative to the working wave length and which are so staggered, longitudinal y that wave action in one pair of opposite crltical directions is strengthened, while wave action in the conjugate pair of opposite critical directions is weakened, andv means for energizing said wires imphase op:
  • a directional antenna comprising a collaterally spaced pair of simple linear conductors which are long relative to the working wave length, and which are so staggered,
  • a unidirectional antenna comprising A spaced linear conductors, means for causing standing waves of different polarity thereon, said conductors being stag ered whereby ac-, tion of'the antenna is pre ominately unidiiectional.
  • a directional antenna comprising a collaterally spaced pair of substantially parallel simple linear conductors which are long, relative to the working wave length, and which v v v are so staggered, longitudinally, that wave action in one pair of opposite critical direcfor actionally couplin the conductors, and
  • a directional antenna comprisin two pairs of. collaterally spaced simple near conductors all lying in the same plane, the conductors in each of said airsof conductors being long, relative to t e workin wave length, and so staggered, longitudinal y, that electro-magnetic action in one pair of 'opposite critical directions is strengthened, while electro-magnetic action in the conjugate pair of oppgsite critical directions is weakened, said pa rs of conductors bein so staggered and spaced apart in the direction of rincipal e ectro-magnetic action as to ma e the antenna unidirectional, eans coupling the pairs of conductors in p ase opposition, and means coupling at least one of the pairs of conductors with/radio equipment.
  • a directional antenna system comprising two pairs of collaterall spaced and substantially parallel simple ear conductors all lying in the same plane, each conductor being long, relative to the working wave length, the conductors in each pair being so staggered, longitudinally, that radiant action in one pair of opposite critical directlons is strengthened, w ile radiant action'in the cdnjugate pair of opposite critical directions is weakened, means coupling the conductors in.
  • each pair in phase opposition means, or tuning said conductors and coupling I pair of long linear wires connected at ad- Lacent ends to high frequency apparatus and avmg standing waves of op osite instan-' taneous polarity thereon, sai wires being several wave lengths in length and extending away from and on one side only of said adjacent ends.
  • a directional antenna system comprising a pair of'long straight wires and means at adjacent ends of the wires for exciting the 'wires in phase opposition whereby standing waves of opposite instantaneous polarity are set up on, the wires, 'said wires being several wave lengths in length at the operating frequency and extending on one side only and away from said adjacent ends.
  • a directive antenna system for propagating or receiving propagated electromagnetic waves comprising a pair of substantially straight conductors, long, relative to the working wavelength such that several standing waves at the operatin frequency are set up on each conductor, sai conductors being arranged so that radiant action occurs in a direction making the same angle with each conductor, and means couplin said conductors in phase opposition, sai conductors lying in the same plane and extendin away from said coupling means on one si e only thereof.
  • a directive antenna system for propagatin or receiving electromagnetic waves as claime in claim wherein a similar pair of conductors are provided, the conductors of said similar pair being arranged parallel to the respective conductors of the first pair I whereby the directional efiect of the system 25 is augmented.
  • a directive antenna system for propagatin or receiving electromagnetic waves as clalmed in claim 25 wherein a similar pair of conductors are rovided, the conductors of said similar pair Ewing arranged parallel to the respective conductors of the first pair and 1 ing m the same plane as the plane of the rst pair whereby the directional efiect of the system is augmented.
  • a directive antenna "system for propanetic waves comprisingl a plurality of airs of conductors arrange in the same p ane, respective conductors of the pairs being substantially parallel, each of said conductors being long relative to the working wave length-and adapted to have a plurality of standin waves at the working wave length set up t ereon, means for connecting the conductors of each pair in base opposition, the conductors of eac pair extending on one side only and away from said connecting means, and, a like number of pairs of conductors arran ed in a plane parallel to the plane of said rst mentioned plurality of pairs of conductors, the conductors in the like plurality of vpairs being arranged parallel to the conductors of said first mentioned plurality of pairs, the conductors of said like pairs being coupled and arranged '45 in a manner similar to the conductors of said gating or receiving propagated electromag- ,7
  • first mentionedpairs of conductors like conductors of the airs bein arranged in parallel fashion whereby ra iant action occurs predominantly in a direction makinglequal angles greater than zero degrees wit each 7 conductor of said s stem.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US304445A 1928-09-07 1928-09-07 Antenna Expired - Lifetime US1884006A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL28726D NL28726C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1928-09-07
US304445A US1884006A (en) 1928-09-07 1928-09-07 Antenna
FR668407D FR668407A (fr) 1928-09-07 1929-01-23 Perfectionnements aux antennes
GB25121/29A GB318619A (en) 1928-09-07 1929-08-16 Improvements in or relating to directional antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US304445A US1884006A (en) 1928-09-07 1928-09-07 Antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1884006A true US1884006A (en) 1932-10-25

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ID=23176540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US304445A Expired - Lifetime US1884006A (en) 1928-09-07 1928-09-07 Antenna

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1884006A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR668407A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB318619A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL28726C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524993A (en) * 1945-09-14 1950-10-10 Victor H Rumsey Antenna

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524993A (en) * 1945-09-14 1950-10-10 Victor H Rumsey Antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL28726C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR668407A (fr) 1929-10-31
GB318619A (en) 1930-10-09

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