US1883408A - Wrinkle finish coating - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 18, 1932. F. B. ROOT WRINKLE FINISH COATING Filed March 1. 1929 gwvcutox FMN 5. K00? 8 3W 3.%1m Ml Patented Oct. 18, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRANK BRIAN ROOT, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO CHADELOID CHEIICAL COMPANY, 01' NEW YORK, N. Y, A CORPORATION 01 WEST VIRGINIA .wmxrn rnusn coa'rme Application. fled larch 1',

This invention relates to varnishes and enamels and methods of utilizing such com positions and particularly to compositions of this character which result in the production 5 of the so-called wrinkled finishes.

In U. S. Patent No. 1,689,892, to Frank B. Root granted October 30, 1928, there was disclosed for the first time in the art the production of wrinkling finishes and compositions to be used therefor together with processes of producing articles carrying such finishes. This patent represents a very wide departure'from the prior art since it taught the art as stated for the first time how the finish of such compositions could be controlled to produce desirable and ornamental wrinkle finishes. Prior to this patent, the attempt in the art in connection with continuous coatings has always been to produce a rela-' 2o tively smooth coating. Where undesirable irregularities of finish appeared in the prior art, attempts were always made to eliminate such undesirable factors. However,- under the disclosure of the Root patent refered to, the wrinkling finish was controlled for the first time so that it might be used as a basis for highly ornamental coatings on articles of manufacture.

For such purposes that patent teaches that drying oils are an essential characteristic of the wrinkling finish varnishes. Among the drying oils mentioned in that patent and suggested for'these purposes are blown linseed oil, raw linseed oil, perilla oil, China wood oil, blown China wood oil, and partially oxidized or pre-oxidized China wood oil.

As explained in that patent when the surface is coated with a varnish of the desired composition and exposed to drying conditions advantageously at an elevated temperature, a wrinkle finish of pleasing and attractive appearance results. The wrinkling seems to be due' to rapid oxidation of the surface of the applied film forming a skin over the less oxidized material on the interiorof the film,"

m. Serial no. 343,721.

the surface skin increasing in volume and expanding laterally and the less oxidized material on the interior of thefilm being of lower viscosity, flowing into-the fold produced by,

wood oil.

One of the objects of the present invention is the production of compositions in the nature of varnishes or enamels which result in the production of wrinkle finishes, such composltions containing drying oils which do not oxidize as readily as China wood oil.

Other and further objects and advantages will appear from the more detailed description set forth below, it being understood is givenby way of illustration only and not by way of limitation since various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art .without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

In connection with that more detailed description there is shown'in the accompanying drawing in Figure 1 a plan view of a panel carrying the wrinkle finish of the present invention; and in Figure 2 a cross section of such panel A carrying the wrinkle finish B enlarged to ;how the wrinkles or rugosities of the surace.

For producing the desired eifect, compositions are chosen which under proper drying or baking conditions give the particular efi'ect denominated as wrinkle finish. An imhowever that this more detailed description while exce portant component of such compositions is a drying oil. An investigation of the various drying oils that are available shows that the conditions under which these drying oils give the best results varies with the particular dryin oil being utilized. For exam le fient results may be obtained with raw China wood oil or with blown China wood oil, the best effects with perilla and linseed'oil are obtained when these oils are used either in'the form known as blown or oxidized oils. While the present application is there-fore particularly concerned. with the utilization of blown and boiled perilla and linseed oil in the production of wrinkle finishes, other less common drying oils that may be mentioned and may be similarly utilized include chi-a, Oiticica, walnut, poppy-seed. sunflower, candle nut, lumbang, hempseed, fish, etc. The oils which may be used in the production of wrinkle finishes may be generically referred to as wrinkling oils to distinguish them from the large class of nonwrinkling oils including primarily the semidrying and non-drying oils. In referring to the wrinkling oils withwhich the present invention is particularly concerned, such oils will be generically referred to in thedescription of the invention as oils of the perilla-linseed type.

The production of the best results with wrinkling oils of the perilla-linseed type differentiate themselves from China wood oil in several particulars. For example comparisons of four oils, namely blown hina wood oil, untreated-China wood oil, blown perilla oil and blown linseed oil, show that the rela-,

tive activityofthese wrinkling oils in wrinkling finishes may be expressed in a series as follows: Blown China wood oil 5; raw China wood oil 6 ;,blown perilla oil 8; and

blown linseed oil 12. This series expresses the fact that the oils bearing the lowest numbers are the more powerful in their wnnkling tendencies and consequently the order of the oils given above represents the wrin-' kling power of these oils in the specified compositions, blown China wood oil being the most powerful of the oils mentioned.

Further comparison of the several 011s n relation to the resin content when such res1n is of the wrinkling finish type tobe further defined below shows that for the production treated China wood oil to lbs. of resin.

For blown perilla oils the best ratios are from 10 to 30 gallons of oil to 100 lbs. of resin while for blown linseed oil the best ratios are from 14 to 35 gallons of blown linseed oil to 100 lbs. of resin. These oil-resin ratios also illustrate a difference between the action of the oil in the wrinkling finish composition- A further factor which'illustrates differences between the several wrinkling oils is in connection with the drying and baking operation. Other factors being the same except for variations in the composition in the character of oil used, show that in the production of the best effects in compositions utilizing wood oil (untreated) the time is approximately ten-per cent more than when blown China wood oil is used, while for blown perilla and blown linseed oil the baking temperature should be from 20 to 25 per cent more than that used with blown China wood oil compositions. Unless otherwise indicated below in further defining the present invention, it will be understood that when blown perilla and blown linseed oils and other blown oils of the perilla-linseed type are re-. ferred to, these also include oxidized. oils and similar products although they may not be specifically mentioned at the particular point under consideration.

,finish must contain a substantial proportion of a wrinkling oil, admixtures of the nonwrinkling oils may be used so long as the amount of the latter is not sufficient to eliminate the desired wrinkle effect in the finish obtained. Y

In general it may be stated that in such admixtures for the best efiects, not less than half of the oil mixture should be a wrinkling oil. For example two or more wrinkling oils andtwo or more non-wrinklingoils may be mixed and a varnish produced therefrom with the addition of the resins, driers and thinners. In such case the sum of the amounts of all the wrinkling oils should desirably be at least one-half of the total oil mixture. Among the non-wrinkling oils there may be mentioned specifically soya bean oil, and other semiand non-drying oils such as cotton seed, 'corn, castor, rape-seed, rubberseed, olein, etc. Such non-wrinkling oils may be either the raw oils or the blown or otherwise. treated oils.

Of the resins usable in the production of wrinkle finishes, which resins may be de- Ill nominated wrinkligf; finish the following may be no Congo, kaurl, damar, Cumar, Pontianak, manila, Zanzibar, elemi,

' mastic, phenol-formaldehyde resins particstances there may be mentioned pyroxylin, ni-

trocellulose, gilsonite, and rosin. These wrinkle inhibiting substances should therefore not be used in any proportions in the composition which would prevent the desired development of wrinkles in the finish. Such wrinkle inhibiting substances when used in;

small amounts have a tendency to produce very fine wrinkles while in the large amounts they ma completely eliminate the wrinkling efiecla ltosin if used in large amount, also tends to produce irregularities in the size and in the interval between wrinkles in the resulting finish.

Solvents or thinners are not a main factor since any moderately volatile solvent can be used. Preferably the major portion of the solvent or thinner should distil below about 325 The thinnerused may be a mixture of several thinning components. The low boiling thinner evaporates more quickly from the varnish or enamel film, promotes the rapid formation of a surface skin, and during drying assists in maintaining a greater differential between the degree of oxidation of the surface skin and the oil within the film. When the finish is dried at elevated temperatures, the use of low boiling thinners also assi'sts in eliminating any tendency toward sagging of the finish during the drying operation.

The following are illustrative of the thinners and solvents that may be used: light naptha, toluol, benzol, petroleum ether or ligroin (benzine), acetone, carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, etc., and mixtures of these. To some extent, the character of the finish maybe varied by the quantity and character of the thinner used. Turpentine and other high-boiling thinners may also be used. More pronounced wrinkles are produced withcompositions containing the lower boiling thinners.

Driers and drier combinations are also an important element in the composition since the wrinkled effect appears to be somewhat determined by the rate of oxidation; of the wrinkling oil. Such driers as cobalt acetate, red lead, manganese borate, lead linoleate, etc., used alone or in admixture with each other or with other driers are illustrative.

A number of examples of compositions that may be utilized in the production ofwrinkle finishes in accordance with the pres blown linsee varnish. The finish obtained is quite even and shows well defined wrinkles.

Example 2' Congo 100 lbs. Lead linoleate 4 lbs. Manganese borate lb. Cobalt acetate lb. Blown perilla oil 10 gals. Light. naphtha 5 gals. Toluol 15 ga'ls.

This is a ten gallon blown perilla varnish that gives fairly uniformresults when the film is set.

Emample Kaurl 100 lbs 'jRosi'mu 4 lbs Lead linoleate 10 lbs Manganese borate 1 lbs Cobalt acetate 1% lbs China wood oil 2 gals Blown perilla oil L -22 gals. Light naphtha 5 gals To uol a. 22 gals This example illustrates the use of a varnish containing China wood oil together with a relatively large quantity of blown perilla oil. It yields uniform wrinkles that are quite close together and the wrinkles are quite fine in texture. Y

. Example 4 Congo- 50'lbs. Kauri 50 lbs. Rosin 5 lbs. Red lead-.. 3 lbs. .Manganese borate 1 4 lbs. Cobalt acetate 3% lbs. China wood oil 2% gals. Blownwood oil 3 A gals. Blown perilla oil 3% gals. Light naptha 5 gals. Toluol 17 gals.

The mixture of oils given in this example illustrates the use of a number of wrinkling oils and the wrinkling efiect obtained is very good. Z

In Example 4 the blown perilla oil may be substituted by boiled perilla oil. The wrinkling obtained is also quite satisfactory in the latter case, the wrinkles however being ,a little coarser than inexampl "whenblown perilla oil is used. Asa matter of fact it appears to be a general rule that when part.

l of the wrinkling oils in a mixture. is replaced by a non-wrinking oil, the wrinkles'that are formed in the film upon bakin are slightly.

- Toluol This varnish illustrates the use of blown.

coarser than is obtained when a the oi s are of the wrinkling type.

- Example 5 Cong 100 lbs. Litharge 3 lbs. Manganese borate 1 lb. Blown linseed oil 7 1%., gal. Blown parilla oil 6 ,4 gal. Tu ntine 2% gal, Li t naphtha-.. 2 gal. To uol gal.

This example illustrates a wrinklin varnish containing both blown perilla and lown linseed oils. he wrinkling effect is satisfactory.

- Ewample 6 Amberol 100 lbs. Lead linoleate 5 lbs. Cobalt acetate 1 lb.

Blown linseed oil 18 gal. Blown soya bean oil 5 gal. 22 gal.

, linseed oil in admixture with a lesser amount of anon-wrinkling oil such as blown soya bean oil. Well defined wrinkling which is fairly coarse is obtained with this composi- Example 8 Congo 100 lbs. Red lead 2 lbs. Manganese borate lb. Cobalt linoleate 1 4 lbs. Wood oil 1% gal. Blown wood oil 6 gal. Blown linseed oil 3 gal." Blown parilla oil 2% gal. Blown soya bean oil 2 gal. Li 'ht naphtha v 4 gal. To u l g 17 gal.

tion. The resin used in this case is of the oil-soluble phenol-formaldehyde type.

.. Example '7 Cumar 100 lbs. Lead linoleate 4 lbs. Cobalt acetate 11b.

Blown perilla oil; 12 gal. Blown wood oil 4gal. Blown soya bean 'oil 4 gal. Light naphtha 8gal. Toluol; f 16 gal.

The wrinkling oils of this example are a mixture of blown perilla and blown wood oils, there being present a non-wrinkling oil,

namely, blown soya bean oil. The wrinkling effect is quite pronounced.

This varnish contains a mixture of various wrinkling oils and a small amount of the The varnish of Examp e 10 may be m non-wrinkling oil, blown so a bean oil. Upon baking very pronounce wrinkles are produced.

' Example 9 Kanri 100 lbs.

. Red lead 2lbs. Manganese borate Y 1 lb. Cobalt acetate ,5 lb. Blown parilla oil 10 gal. Blown linseed oil 10 Blown soya bean 'oil 3 Xyl l 22 gal.

'- Example 9 illustrates a varnish containing This varnish illustrates a mixture of wrinkling oils with blown wood oil predominating. The wrinklin effect is very l e substituting boiled linseed oil for the b blbwn linseed oil specified therein. Thewrinkling eflect obtained with the modified composition is satisfactory but the wrinkles are somewhat coarser than result when the composition of Example 10 is used.-

In producing the improved wrinkled finish of this invention, it is advantageous to dry or bake the applied finish of varnish or enamel,

preferably at an elevated temperature de-- pending on the t pe of article being treated. For metal and-related surfaces a tem erature of 150 F. up to approximate y 450 F. may be advantageously used. For wood and similar materials somewhat lower temperature such as 120 F. up to 140 F. may be utilized. At elevated temperatures ra id oxidation of the surface of the applied lm is promotedand any tendency toward diffusion of oxidation products from the surface into the interior of the film is lessened. In generahdrying at elevated temperatures ac- .centuates the wrinkling and assists in providing aharder finish.

As an illustration of the relation between the dr ing times and temperatures of drying or ba ing to produce satisfactory wrinkle finishes the following are given. With compositions that give satisfactory effects by fivehour treatment at 180 F. similar treatment for three hours at 200 F., or two hours at 250 'F. or one and one-half hours at 300 F. and approximately three-fourths of an hour at 400 F., may be used. As stated above, the wrinkling finish composition containing wrinkling oils of the perilla-linseed type require from to per cent longer heat treatment at the sametemperature as do similar compositions utilizing blown wood oil. Dr ing at elevated temperatures also assists 1n making this finish resistant to the action of the usual solvents employed in pyroxylin enamels and lacquers.

Increase in the amount of oil in the compositions result in wrinkling at lower temperatures and hence when the lower temperatures are to be used'in connection with wood and related articles, the compositions may desirably contain more oil. Further the higher oil content gives added flexibility so that the long oil compositions are desirable for use. in metal stamping, or on leather, paper, cloth, rubber, etc.

There have been set forth above a number of considerations directed to the types of compositions and the baking temperatures which efl'ect the character of the wrinkles produced in the finish. Other factors however are also found which affect the character of the wrinkles produced. For example the thick ness of the applied film will result in differences in the finish. Thinner films give finer wrinkles and thicker films coarser wrinkles. When spraying is used, spray nozzles giving coarse atomization give greater deposition of composition and-consequently coarser wrinkles, while on the other hand spray nozzles of finer atomization give thinner films with finer wrinkles.

For the production of wrinkle finishes having a textured effect by the production of accentuated rugosities at certain points or areas in the finish the articleto be treated may desirably be coated with a relatively heavy coatingof the desired composition and baked in an inclined position which inclined position may vary from a small angle to the horizontal to a vertical position. The incline of the surface of the article bearing the c'oating produces a flowing or movement of the wrinkle coating after it is'applied and at or about the time when the baking commences and before the baking has caused the setting of the finish to take place to a point where such movement or flowing would be prevented. The effect of such treatment is to produce waves or areas of accentuated rugosities or wrinkles in the more regularly wrinkled finish.

The flowing or movement of the wrinkle coating after it is applied which results in the accentuated rugosites set forth above may be accomplished in other ways than merely by gravity due to the position of the work. For example air currents or other flowing methods maybe used.

. When gang sprays are used to apply the composition, at certain points the atomization may be made coarser to, produce heavier or thicker layers at these oints resulting in coarser wrinkles in such t hicker layers. Accentuated rugosities distributed in the more uniformly wrinkled finishes may be produced in this manner.

The wrinkle finishes are characterized by an exceedingl important property, namely their remarkable hiding quality. This term hiding quality is used in more or less the same meaning that the expression covering power is used in the paint art. It is a remarkable thing for example that a single coat of unpigmented wrinkle finish may be applied to a bright metal surface and the resulting finish will completely mask the metal surface. Other pigmented compositions generally require at least several coats in order to secure a comparable hiding effect.

The baked or-dried finishes of the present invention are particularly resistant to softening by lacquer compositions and particularly the solvents used in nitrocellulose lacquers, so that although the rugose surface of the wrinkle finish affords a very extensive area for the action of such solvents or lacquers the baking creates a resistance to such softening action.

Consequentlythe wrinkle finishes and composition used for producing such coatings are particularly desirable as under coats Where a wrinkle finish is desired and'such finishes may then be given one or more coats of pyroxylin enamels, oilenamels, or baking japans. When pigments are used in. the

wrinkle finish which have a tendency to change orto darken under the action of elevated temperatures, these finishes may be coated with pyroxylin lacquer compositions.

While certain theoretical considerations have been set forth above in an attempt to explain some of the effects obtained, it should be understood that this invention is not limited by such theoretical considerations because the compositions and methods discussed above do result in the particular effects set forth and it is immaterial what may be the actual cause of such effects. Pronounced effects of the character herein set forth are readily obtained with the compositions and methods outlined above. Y

Having set forth my invention, I claim: 1. A coating composition comprising a wrinkling oil selected from the group consistingofperilla and linseed oils, a wrinkle finish resin,'a drier and thinner in proportions to yield a wrinkle finish when dried.

, 2. A composition as set forth in claim 1 in which the wrinkling oil is blown perilla oil..

3. A composition as set forth in claim 1 oil.

4. A coating composition comprising a in which the wrinkling oil is blown linseed wrinkling oil containing1 sistin 6. A coating composition comprising blown linseed oil, awrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinner the ratio of oil to resin being from 14 to gals. of oil to 100 pounds of resin.

7. A coating composition comprising blown perilla oil, a wrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinner, the ratio of oil to resin being from 10. to 30 gals. of oil to 100 pounds of resin.

8. A coating com osition comprising a wrinklin oil selecte from the oup con- 0 perilla and linseed 011s, a nonwrin ing oil, a wrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinner, the wrinkling oil being at least 50 per cent of the oil content of the compositio 9. A composition as set forth in claim 1 in which the thinner is a low-boiling thinner.

10. A-complosition as set forth in claim 1 in which the t inner is a high-boiling thinner. 11. A composition as set forth in claim' 1 in which the thinner contains both low-boiling and high-boiling com onents.

12. An article of manu acture carrying a wrinkle finish coating produced from a comfposition containing a wrinkling oil selected rom the group consisting of perilla and linseed oils. g

13. An article of manufacture carrying a baked wrinkle finish produced from a wrinkling oil composition containing blown perilla oil.

14. An article of manufacture carrying a baked wrinkle finish produced from a wrinkling oil composition containing blown linseed oil.

15. An article of manufacture carrying a baked wrinkle finish coating produced from a wrinkle finish resin, 8. drier and thinner, and baking the coated article at a temperature of 120 F. upwards.

18. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles of manufacture which comprises applying thereto a fin-' ish composition containing blown linseed oil,

a wrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinner,

and baking the coated article at a temperature of 120 F. upwards.

19. The process of producing wrinklin finishes on articles of manufacture whic ish composition containing blown per and blown linseed oil, a wrinkle finish resin, a drier and thinner, and bakin the coated article at a temperature of 150 upwards.

comprises applying thereto a wrinklirfig fina oil 20. An article .of manufacture carrgin a ro en surface coating'comprising a hard; un

wrinkle film contain a dr oil selected from the group cons' seed oils and a resin.

21.. A wrinkle finish composition compris-,

ing a drying oil and a non-wrinkling oil in proportions to yield a flexible wrinkle finish when dried on a surface coated therewith.

22. An article of manufacture carrying a wrinkle finish'composition" of a drying oil and a non-wrinklin oil in roportions yielding a flexible wrin' e finis coatin IRAN K B. OOT.

a composition containing a wrinkling oil selected from the group consisting of perilla and linseed oils, the finish exhibiting areas of accentuated rugosities'.

16. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles of manufacture which comprises applying thereto, a wrinkling finish composition containing a wrinkling oil selected from the group consisting of perilla and linseed oils, 9. wrinkle finish resin, 8. drier and thinner, and drying the coating at a temperature which produces a wrinkle finish.

17. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles of manufacture which comprises applying thereto a wrinkling finish composition containing blown perilla oil,

7 ing 0 perilla and lin

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