US1877838A - Hot cathode electron discharge tube - Google Patents

Hot cathode electron discharge tube Download PDF

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US1877838A
US1877838A US120582A US12058226A US1877838A US 1877838 A US1877838 A US 1877838A US 120582 A US120582 A US 120582A US 12058226 A US12058226 A US 12058226A US 1877838 A US1877838 A US 1877838A
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Prior art keywords
cathode
discharge tube
electron
ribbon
electron discharge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US120582A
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Hubert M Freeman
Wallace G Wade
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CBS Corp
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Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
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Priority to NL15733D priority Critical patent/NL15733C/xx
Priority to US611263A priority patent/US1909051A/en
Priority to FR575004D priority patent/FR575004A/en
Priority to GB48/24A priority patent/GB209415A/en
Priority to US120582A priority patent/US1877838A/en
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US120583A priority patent/US1985027A/en
Priority to US120579A priority patent/US1917963A/en
Priority to US619600A priority patent/US2000695A/en
Priority to US628696A priority patent/US2018257A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1877838A publication Critical patent/US1877838A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/50—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/51—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on compounds of actinides

Definitions

  • YThe: invention relates to hot cathode elec tron.discharge tubes and it has particular relation to grid-controlled tubes in which 3 the electron emitting cathode isy so heated from a source of alternating or, in general, fluctuating current as to substantially eliminate the undesirable effects ofthe variations of the heating current upon the electron-flow in the tube;
  • a iiat ribbon of tungsten is kdoubled to yform e a U-shaped heating member having a pair of adjacently positioned side sections.
  • a thinsheet of micaor other suitable refractory insulating material is'placed 'between the two sides of the U-shaped strip and serves to insulate the same from each other.
  • cathode lelement' proper is constituted by strips of nickel placed onboth sidesl of the Ushaped tungsten stripv and insulated therefromby mica-sheet pieces, Orrin any other suitable fm'anner.' The outer surface of the...
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional viewof an electron discharge tube, combinedwith a diagrammatic view of-'the associated cir- Y cuits', embodying the invent-ion, and Y Fig. 2 is an enlargedperspective view of, the to portion of the cathodestructurefutr lized m the tube shown in Fig. 1.
  • va radio-receiv- Y ing tube of a familiartype is shown l'comprising an elongated envelope 1 of glass or similar material, having a re-,entrant'stem 2. terminating in a press 3 in which are welded live lead-in wires 1 to 8, which serve to support, and to provide connections to,l a cathode memberlO, a grid 12 and a'plate 13 arranged concentrically, in the usualway.
  • rIhe cathode member 10 to which this vention particularly relates, comprises a heaterelement in the form of a U-shaped strip or ribbon 15 of tungsten or other suite' able material.
  • rIhe ribbon is Vpreferably of-v flat cross section andl isdoubled uponA itself, the two sides 16 ofthe ribbon being insulated from each other to preventshort-circuits 'between the same. This maybe done by inserting a thinstrip or sheet 17 of mica, ⁇ or other suitable insulating material capable of withstanding the temperatures at which the' heating elementoperates, between the two,
  • the cathode element proper is constituted by two flat sheets of conducting material 18,
  • rIhe cathode member 10 is supported at its upper end by means of a bail extension 22 secured to the upper collar 2l and welded, or otherwise securecL to a carrier ⁇ rod 23, which extends from lead-in wire Ll.
  • rIhe bail connection between the upper collar 2l and the carrier rod 23 may also S-S1 ⁇ Ve as the electrical lead to the active surface 18 of the cathode element and, in such case, the lead-in connection 4; to the carrier rod 23 may serve as a terminal of the cathode element.
  • the cathode member is supported through the connections of the ends of the U-shaped heater ribbon 15 to the lead-in wires 5 and 6 which serve to convey vthereto the heating current.
  • the cathode is heated from a source of alternating-current, such as a transformer 25, the other connections to the tube being made in the usual way.
  • the input leads 26 of the circuit may be connected between the grid and cathode terminals 7 and 5, respectively, while the output leads 27 may be connected between the plate terminal 84 and the cathode terminal 4, respectively.
  • a cathode structure of the type described above, wherein a flat heater ribbon is used asa heating element, permits the construction of a very compact cathode, in which the magnetic fields induced by the alternating heating current are eliminated to a higher degree than is possible with-the other available constructions. It is, of course, understood that many other constructions embodythe ideasgdisclosed hereinabove will suggest themselves yto those skilled in the art, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such constructions.
  • a cathode member comprising a V -shaped flat ribbon heater element having adjacently disposed'sides and a fiat sheet element of conducting material disposed adjacent to the surface of said heater element and separated therefrom by a layer of insulating material.
  • a cathode member comprising an even member of conducting ribbon heater elements Idisp osed with the fiat sides adjacent to each other, conducting sheet elements adjacent the outer sides of said adjacently-disposed heater elements, the adjacent surfaces of said heater elements and outer sheet elements being insulated from ⁇ each other, and the outer surfaces of said outer sheet elements being electron-emissive.
  • a heater element comprising an even number of longitudinal sheet elements having the flat sides disposed adjacent to each other, electron-emitting cathode elements disposed adjacent the outer surfaces of said sheet elements, the cathode elements being insulated from the adjacent surfaces of the heater element.
  • an electron discharge tube having a heater element comprising an even number :K5 of sheet elements disposed with the ⁇ iat-sides opposite each other, electron-emitting sheet elements disposed adjacent the outer surfaces of said first-mentioned sheet elements, the individual sheet elements being insulated from each other by layers of refractory insulating material interposed between the-adjacent surfaces thereof( Y 5.
  • a cathode member comprising a U-shaped ribbon heater element having adj acently disposed fiat sides, conducting sheet elements disposed adjacent the outer surface of said heater element', and having electron emitting outer surface portions, and layers of insulating material interposed between the adjacent surfaces of the several elements.
  • U- shaped flat ribbon element having adj acently disposed fiat sides adaptedto be heated by sending current therethrough, and electronemitting surface means adjacent to the surface of said ribbon element and insulated therefrom, and means for providing individual terminal connections to said heater rib- @00 bon and said cathode element respectively.
  • a cathode structure having a heater element comprising a pair of serially-connected ribbon sections disposed with their flat sides facing each 105 other, and electron-emitting sheet elements having flat sides facing the outer surfaces of said ribbon sections, the several facing surfaces being electrically insulated, but having a relatively good heat-conducting connec- 110 tion.
  • a cathode structure comprising a pair of parallel-disposed, serially-connected heater ribbons having the fiat sides facing each other, electron 11" emitting conducting sheet elements disposed adjacent the outer sides of said ribbon elements, and insulating sheet elements interposed between the surfaces of said elements that face each other.
  • a cathode structure comprising a pair of parallel-clisposed serially-connected heater ribbons having their flat sides facing each other, electron-emitting'conducting sheet elements dis- 125 posed adj acent the outer sides of said ribbon elements, the adjacent facing surfaces 'being' separated from each other by sheets of mica.
  • a cathode structure comprising a pair of parallel- ⁇ L3@ Sil disposed7 serially-connected conductors at least one of Whiohis a heater ribbon having its flat side facing the other said Conductor, an electron-emitting surface adjacent Jhe outer side of said ribbon element, the adjacent tively.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)

Description

Sept. 2o, 1932.
H. M. FREEMAN ET AL HOT CATHODE ELECTRON DISCHARGE TUBE Original Filed Jan. 8, 1923 WITNESSES:
` 7 ATTORNEY Patented sept. 2o, 1932 UNITED STATE-s PATENT oFFlcEfl HUBERT M. FREEMAN, OF EAST `1?]2'1'IIISBURGrH, PENNSYLVANIArAND i WALLACEv G..
WADE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNORS TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC' AND MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA nor cAfrHonn Ennc'rnoiv nrscHARGEmUBE oi'ginaiappneation mea tem-Lary s,`1923, serial No.. 611,263;l Divided and this application inea uiye,
. 1926. serial No. 120,582. v
YThe: invention relates to hot cathode elec tron.discharge tubes and it has particular relation to grid-controlled tubes in which 3 the electron emitting cathode isy so heated from a source of alternating or, in general, fluctuating current as to substantially eliminate the undesirable effects ofthe variations of the heating current upon the electron-flow in the tube;
Various cathode structures :adapted for' that purpose have been disclosed in Your copending application Serial No. 611,263, filed J an. 8, 1923, ofl which the present application is 'a division.
p Among the objects of the jinvention .is an improved construction of an efficient cathode having the above-mentionedv characteristics' which maybe readily manufactured and which gives a particularly high degree ofV elimir'laytionv of the undesirable controlling ep'iiiects ofthe alternating heating current on the electron flow in the tube. f
In the preferred form of the invention, a iiat ribbon of tungsten is kdoubled to yform e a U-shaped heating member having a pair of adjacently positioned side sections. A thinsheet of micaor other suitable refractory insulating material, is'placed 'between the two sides of the U-shaped strip and serves to insulate the same from each other. cathode lelement' proper is constituted by strips of nickel placed onboth sidesl of the Ushaped tungsten stripv and insulated therefromby mica-sheet pieces, Orrin any other suitable fm'anner.' The outer surface of the...
The
eliminating the undesirable magnetic control of the electron flow in the tube.
The invention will be best understood from` the accompanying drawing, in which l Figure 1 is an enlarged sectional viewof an electron discharge tube, combinedwith a diagrammatic view of-'the associated cir- Y cuits', embodying the invent-ion, and Y Fig. 2 is an enlargedperspective view of, the to portion of the cathodestructurefutr lized m the tube shown in Fig. 1.
:say
Referring to the drawing, va radio-receiv- Y ing tube of a familiartype is shown l'comprising an elongated envelope 1 of glass or similar material, having a re-,entrant'stem 2. terminating in a press 3 in which are welded live lead-in wires 1 to 8, which serve to support, and to provide connections to,l a cathode memberlO, a grid 12 and a'plate 13 arranged concentrically, in the usualway.
rIhe cathode member 10, to which this vention particularly relates, comprises a heaterelement in the form of a U-shaped strip or ribbon 15 of tungsten or other suite' able material. rIhe ribbon is Vpreferably of-v flat cross section andl isdoubled uponA itself, the two sides 16 ofthe ribbon being insulated from each other to preventshort-circuits 'between the same. This maybe done by inserting a thinstrip or sheet 17 of mica, `or other suitable insulating material capable of withstanding the temperatures at which the' heating elementoperates, between the two,
flat sides of the U-shaped ribbon heater v15.' The cathode element proper is constituted by two flat sheets of conducting material 18,
such as nickel, assembled on both sides of the ribbon .heater 15, the4 outer cathode surface sheets being insulated from the adjacent ribbon sides 16 like the two sides v16 of the U-shaped ribbon element, for instance, by mica sheets 19 placed therebetween.l i' Theouter surface of the cathode sheets 18 are, of course, treated to have high electron' emission, for instance by coating theV same with oxides of barium, strontium and Vthe like. f y ,Theseveral sheet or strip members so assembled are suitably held together', for instance, by collar members 21, which tightly embrace the several elements at the upper and lower ends, respectively, thus uniting the same into a compact structure.
rIhe cathode member 10, so obtained, is supported at its upper end by means of a bail extension 22 secured to the upper collar 2l and welded, or otherwise securecL to a carrier `rod 23, which extends from lead-in wire Ll. rIhe bail connection between the upper collar 2l and the carrier rod 23 may also S-S1`Ve as the electrical lead to the active surface 18 of the cathode element and, in such case, the lead-in connection 4; to the carrier rod 23 may serve as a terminal of the cathode element.
At its lower end, the cathode member is supported through the connections of the ends of the U-shaped heater ribbon 15 to the lead-in wires 5 and 6 which serve to convey vthereto the heating current. When utilizing an electron tube as described above, the cathode is heated from a source of alternating-current, such as a transformer 25, the other connections to the tube being made in the usual way. Thuis, for instance, the input leads 26 of the circuit may be connected between the grid and cathode terminals 7 and 5, respectively, while the output leads 27 may be connected between the plate terminal 84 and the cathode terminal 4, respectively. Y
A cathode structure of the type described above, wherein a flat heater ribbon is used asa heating element, permits the construction of a very compact cathode, in which the magnetic fields induced by the alternating heating current are eliminated to a higher degree than is possible with-the other available constructions. It is, of course, understood that many other constructions embodythe ideasgdisclosed hereinabove will suggest themselves yto those skilled in the art, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such constructions.
VVeclaim as our invention:
l. In allot-cathode electron discharge tube, a cathode member comprising a V -shaped flat ribbon heater element having adjacently disposed'sides and a fiat sheet element of conducting material disposed adjacent to the surface of said heater element and separated therefrom by a layer of insulating material.
2. In an electron discharge tube, a cathode member comprising an even member of conducting ribbon heater elements Idisp osed with the fiat sides adjacent to each other, conducting sheet elements adjacent the outer sides of said adjacently-disposed heater elements, the adjacent surfaces of said heater elements and outer sheet elements being insulated from` each other, and the outer surfaces of said outer sheet elements being electron-emissive.
3. In an electron discharge tube, a cathode 1,e77,see
member having a heater element comprising an even number of longitudinal sheet elements having the flat sides disposed adjacent to each other, electron-emitting cathode elements disposed adjacent the outer surfaces of said sheet elements, the cathode elements being insulated from the adjacent surfaces of the heater element.
4. In an electron discharge tube having a heater element comprising an even number :K5 of sheet elements disposed with the {iat-sides opposite each other, electron-emitting sheet elements disposed adjacent the outer surfaces of said first-mentioned sheet elements, the individual sheet elements being insulated from each other by layers of refractory insulating material interposed between the-adjacent surfaces thereof( Y 5. In an electron discharge tube, a cathode member comprising a U-shaped ribbon heater element having adj acently disposed fiat sides, conducting sheet elements disposed adjacent the outer surface of said heater element', and having electron emitting outer surface portions, and layers of insulating material interposed between the adjacent surfaces of the several elements. v
6. In an electron discharge tube, U- shaped flat ribbon element having adj acently disposed fiat sides adaptedto be heated by sending current therethrough, and electronemitting surface means adjacent to the surface of said ribbon element and insulated therefrom, and means for providing individual terminal connections to said heater rib- @00 bon and said cathode element respectively.
7. Inan electron-discharge tube, a cathode structure having a heater element comprising a pair of serially-connected ribbon sections disposed with their flat sides facing each 105 other, and electron-emitting sheet elements having flat sides facing the outer surfaces of said ribbon sections, the several facing surfaces being electrically insulated, but having a relatively good heat-conducting connec- 110 tion.
3. In an electron discharge tube, a cathode structure comprising a pair of parallel-disposed, serially-connected heater ribbons having the fiat sides facing each other, electron 11" emitting conducting sheet elements disposed adjacent the outer sides of said ribbon elements, and insulating sheet elements interposed between the surfaces of said elements that face each other.
9. In an electron discharge tube, a cathode structure comprising a pair of parallel-clisposed serially-connected heater ribbons having their flat sides facing each other, electron-emitting'conducting sheet elements dis- 125 posed adj acent the outer sides of said ribbon elements, the adjacent facing surfaces 'being' separated from each other by sheets of mica.
10. In an electron-discharge tube,- a cathode structure comprising a pair of parallel-` L3@ Sil disposed7 serially-connected conductors at least one of Whiohis a heater ribbon having its flat side facing the other said Conductor, an electron-emitting surface adjacent Jhe outer side of said ribbon element, the adjacent tively.
HUBERT M. FREEMAN. WALLACE WADE.
US120582A 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube Expired - Lifetime US1877838A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL15733D NL15733C (en) 1923-01-08
US611263A US1909051A (en) 1923-01-08 1923-01-08 Thermionic vacuum tube
FR575004D FR575004A (en) 1923-01-08 1923-12-20 Three-electrode lamps
GB48/24A GB209415A (en) 1923-01-08 1924-01-01 Improvements in cathode structures for vacuum thermionic tubes
US120582A US1877838A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US120583A US1985027A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US120579A US1917963A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US619600A US2000695A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-06-24 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US628696A US2018257A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-08-13 Thermionic vacuum tube

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US611263A US1909051A (en) 1923-01-08 1923-01-08 Thermionic vacuum tube
US120582A US1877838A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US120579A US1917963A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US619600A US2000695A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-06-24 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US628696A US2018257A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-08-13 Thermionic vacuum tube

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Publication Number Publication Date
US1877838A true US1877838A (en) 1932-09-20

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Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US611263A Expired - Lifetime US1909051A (en) 1923-01-08 1923-01-08 Thermionic vacuum tube
US120582A Expired - Lifetime US1877838A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US120579A Expired - Lifetime US1917963A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US619600A Expired - Lifetime US2000695A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-06-24 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US628696A Expired - Lifetime US2018257A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-08-13 Thermionic vacuum tube

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US611263A Expired - Lifetime US1909051A (en) 1923-01-08 1923-01-08 Thermionic vacuum tube

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US120579A Expired - Lifetime US1917963A (en) 1923-01-08 1926-07-06 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US619600A Expired - Lifetime US2000695A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-06-24 Hot cathode electron discharge tube
US628696A Expired - Lifetime US2018257A (en) 1923-01-08 1932-08-13 Thermionic vacuum tube

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (5) US1909051A (en)
FR (1) FR575004A (en)
GB (1) GB209415A (en)
NL (1) NL15733C (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437972A (en) * 1944-06-16 1948-03-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electrode spacer for electron discharge tubes

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE745678C (en) * 1932-01-17 1944-11-30 Indirectly heated cathode for Braun tubes
DE760248C (en) * 1933-11-08 1953-10-19 Georg Seibt Nachf Dr Indirectly heated cathode for cathode ray tubes
US2475644A (en) * 1943-08-19 1949-07-12 Nora A Woodin Electron tube
US2527826A (en) * 1946-07-10 1950-10-31 Confections Inc Apparatus for processing kernels of popcorn

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437972A (en) * 1944-06-16 1948-03-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electrode spacer for electron discharge tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US1909051A (en) 1933-05-16
US2018257A (en) 1935-10-22
US1917963A (en) 1933-07-11
GB209415A (en) 1924-09-25
NL15733C (en)
FR575004A (en) 1924-07-23
US2000695A (en) 1935-05-07

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