US1877737A

US1877737A - Combustion chamber

Info

Publication number: US1877737A
Application number: US302905A
Authority: US
Inventors: Morris J Goldberg
Original assignee: Fairbanks Morse and Co
Current assignee: Fairbanks Morse and Co
Priority date: 1928-08-30
Filing date: 1928-08-30
Publication date: 1932-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 1949-09-13

Description

sept. 13, 1932.

M. J. GOLDBERG COMBUSTION CHAMBER Filed Aug. 30, 1,928

-sfentedsepa 13,'1932 UNITED STATES] PATENT OFFICE norms .T. GOLDBEBG, or BELOIT, wIscONsIn;A Assmann To Farms, :Ionen a co., A or cmcaeo, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or ILLINOIS coMBUs'rION CHAMBER.

.Application led August 30,

This invention relates to improvements in combustion chambers andle'specially to an `improved construction vandarrangement of preliminary and mainco bustion chambers 5 in internal combustioni'engines .of the solid' injection type. '5

An object of this invention is to construct and dispose a plurality of precombustion chambers about the mam combustion space 1n or clearance, in such ra manner as to provide a cleaner burning mixture, free from residual de osits of unburned fuel.

other object is so to construct yand dispose the precombustion chambers in relation 15 to a main combustion chamber, that the delivery of the' fuel from these precombustion chambers will create a region of greater heat concentration in the main chamber remote from the piston top, thereby eliminating the Y* zo well known tendency toward burning of the piston top.

Further Objects include an improved shape of precombustion chamber; an improved construction of cooling acket around the cham- 26 bers and iston; novel features of construction to e ect desirable relative volumes and locations of the several chambers with regard to the proper delivery of fuel and the necessary volumes of combiningair; and an im- "ao" proved arrangement and construction of passages between the clearance space. y Further objects and advantages will appear from the following detailed description r of the parts and the accompanying drawing, 1n which Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation along a vertical center line of an internal combustion engine to which a preferred form of my lnvention is applied; Fig. 2 is a sectional l elevation of a preferred form of replaceable liner used in the precombustion chambers.

It will, of course, be understood that the present disclosure relates to a single executional embodiment of the invention, and that substantial variations in the arrangement and construction of the several parts may be -made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, as defined by the c aims.

5o Referring by numerals to the drawing, the

several chambers and the 192s. serial No. 302,905.

`water jacket 3 provides coolingvmeans for the piston, cylinder and related parts. 'As seen from Fig. 1, the piston 2 may be formed '55 with an outer or upper end of frusto-conical form, the sides 5 of which terminate in a. fiat portion 6 to form a piston top. The slope ofthe sides 5 of the piston is, in the present example, about- 45 degrees, although any 'm slope may be utilized which will present a relative large surfaceto the cooling jacket formed in the cylinder head 7. It w1l1be seen that the cylinder head is provided wlth a relatively large water-jacket 8, and that 05 the inner wall 9, of the head, conformsto the slope of the sides-5 of the piston, being m close contact therewith, except for a necessary mechanical clearance 10 therebetween. This arrangement provides an eifective cool- 'I0 ing surface for the main combustion space or clearance, and greatly reduces the troublesome burningrof piston tops.

Centrally located within the cylinder head,

K and directly above the piston top 6, is a com- 75 bust-ion chamber, 11J which is preferably defined by a spherical wall 12, and around which'a part 'of 'the waterrjacket of the head is disposed. Although other forms of chamber may function satisfactorily, the preferred -8 0 form shown has the advantage of creating a region of high temperature at the center of the sphere, which is situated farthest from` the cooling eii'ect of the jackets. A short,- restricted passage 13 provides .means for ,35 travel of the burning fuel from the chamber 11 into the clearance 10, and the interior Ofy the cylinder. The passage 13 is related to the sphere in cross sectional area so as to provide a proper exit velocity, and burning of 99 the fuel, as it proceeds therethrough.

Preferably, two precombustion -chambers 14 are formed within the head and in communication with the mainchamber 11 by re- A stricted passages 15. Each of the precombustion chambers 14 is provided with a replaceable wall-portion or liner 16, which fits into a recess 17 in the head 8, and with a cap member 18, serves -tO enclose the chambers.

Each of the chambers 141s, in the preferred l A sures a delivery from each passage 15, di-A Y rectly to the center of the sphere. A region of higher temperature is maintained adjacent the passage 15, due to the fact that this point is situated further from the cooling effect of the head jacket 7 and further because the cooling must take place by convection through a double thickness of metal, viz., the wall and the liner. The cap member is maintained relatively cool by a waterjacket 20 formed therein, which is connected to the head packet 7 by replaceable tube members 21 around which are inserted gaskets 22 to prevent leakage of compression and combustion pressure, and water. The fuel is adapted to be sprayed, preferably simultaneously, into each precombustion chamber by means of separate injection nozzles 23, situated in the cap members 18. Each fuel nozzle is preferably disposed coaxially with one of the chambers 14.

I prefer to construct the various chambers and main combustion space of substantially the relative volumes shown, as this arrangement has been found to provide for clean uniform burning, Without objectionable deposits of solids, and without burning the piston face. In the example/described, the total volumes of the two precombustion chambers 14 is approximately 70 per cent of the volume of the maincombus'tion clearance 10, added to that in the spherical chamber 11. The relative volumes and shape of the chambers may be altered by the insertion of a replaceable liner of greater or less thickness, as may be found necessary with differentv fuels, different operating speeds, etc.

It lwill, of course, be understood that the example described is but a single preferred embodiment of the present invention, and that alterations in the construction, location and angular arrangement of the precombustion chambers, may be made without departing from the spirit and full intendment of the invention.

In operation, the oil is sprayed, simultaneously, into each of the precombustion chambers 14, during the upward stroke of the piston or at a point in the stroke corresponding to the greatest compression. During this time the compressed ai'r will have circulated thoroughly through the several chambers. The oil entering the precombustion chambers 14 is ignited in a hot zone existing in @ach chamber, due to the air therein having been compressed to ignition temperature. In consequence of the fact that the air contained in the chambers 14 is not suicient for the complete corribustion of the fuel, the ignition produces only a partial. combustion, which nevertheless, causes a sudden increase in pressure and expulsion of the unignited fuel portion into the chamber 11 without giving the fuel an opportunity to precipitate upon the walls of the

chambers

14, 11, etc. Upon being impelled through the restricted passages 15, the fuel is more completely broken up.

The unignited fuel, along with the ignited part thereof, is impelled-by its own pressure, from the passages 15, directly into the center of the chamber 11 which, by the arrangement and angular relation of the chambers 14, is the meeting point of the two passages. The separate strealns of fuel from each chamber 14 impinge. upon each other at this meeting point in the chamber 11, where the' unignited fuel encounters a region of great heat concentration, as above described and all the fuel becomes ignited. In consequenceof the fact that a relatively larger volume of air is present in this chamber, a further rise in pressure drives .the burning fuel through the passage 13 into` the clearance space, wherein the remainder of the fuel is burned to completion.

The preferred arrangement of the

precombustion chambers

14 and 15 is such as to provide an improved flow and concentration of the fel delivered into the combustion chamber 11. -A better mixture and control of the fuel is obtainable in the smaller precombustion chambers than would be possible in a single larger chamber. The described location and disposition of the chambers assures an intersection of the, paths lof the fuelstreams delivered therefrom, inthe chamber 11, with a'resulting mutual impinging effect, and thus eliminates the splash or wall wetting action, which often occurs where only a single injector and precombustion chamber is used.

O'bviously, separate grades ofrJ fuel may be injected at the same or different times `through nozzles 23, so as to effect combustion of a variety of fuel mixtures, with or without altering the relative volumes of the precombustiQn chambers within narrow limits, by means of the described replaceable liners. I prefer, however, when a single uniform grade of fuel is used, to supply fuel simultaneously to each of the injection nozzles, and to maintain the precombustion chamber volumes substantially equal.

I claim as my invention: A A

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston and means therewith forming a combustion space including a main clearance adjacent the piston, and a plurality of chambers in communication with) the clearance, one of said chambers constituting clearance andv a 'forming a combustion space, ton clearance`a pa1r of dlstinct prellmmary an expansion space. adapted4 to receive and combine thefuel charges from a plurality of other ofnsaid chambers, and having an opening for delivery of such fuel charges to the main clearance. v

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder including means forming a main combustion clearance, means for receiv- :lng and initially firing separate charges of fuel and a chamber distinct from said clearance, coacting with said last means to` chamber to the cylinder.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a cylinder, means forming a combustion clearance, and means therewith forming a plurality of communicating combustion chambers, each distinct from said clearance, a pair of `said chambers being of substantially equal volume, and another of said chambers larranged to combine the fuel charges from said paired chambers.

5. In an internal combustion engine, means forming a combustion space including a pist0n clearance, a pair of distinct preliminary combustion chambers, and passages arranged for combining the fuel dischar e from said chambers, in advance of its dellvery to said clearance. i l f 6. `In an internal combustion engine, means including a piscombustion chambers, andan accumulating chamber, disposed between saidV preliminary chambers and said clearance.

7 In an internal combustion engine, means forming a combustion space including a main pair of distinct precombusarranged for projecting a liqarge as mutuallyvv impinging streams, and means for delivering the fuel charge to `the main clearance, said means having atrend tending to avoid wetting'contact of the fuel withv the walls of lsaid combustion space. f A

`8. In an internal combustion engine, a cyltion chambers,

uid fuel ch finder, means cooperating therewith to form a ,combustion space including a main combustlon clearance, a pair of distinct -precombust1on chambersand' a combustlon chamber between the first named chambers and .clearance, and having arestricted delivery opening into the clearance; said precombustion chambers being substantially symmetrically disposed about said combustion chamber.

. tion chambers 9. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, la com ression and combustion space formed there y with the cylinder head; said space including a pair of distinct precombusa substantially spherical receiving chamber, and the main clearance space, all of said chambers being substantially symmetrically common axis', and each thereof having the greater part of its surface uid cooled.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a c linder head, a piston, and means constituted y the cylinder head forming a pair of divergently disposed precombustlon chambers, and a separate combustion s ace distinct fromwa main clearance, said cham rsadapted to divide an initial fuel charge, and said combustionspace, arranged thereafter to. concentrate the fuel charge, before delivery thereof to the main clearance. A

` MORRIS J. GOLDBERG.

disposed with respect to a,