US1874936A - Electrical structure - Google Patents

Description

W. DUBILIER ESL-I311 TRZUAL STRUCTURE Filed June 11, 1924 lNVENTOR Mum/v 4908:2/5]? Patented Aug. 30, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE WILLIAM, mmrnmn, or NEW Y'oRx, N. Y.,

POBATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE Application filed June 11,

My invention relates to electrical structures and particularly to high potential condenser structures.

One object of m invention is to provide a device of the aliove indicated character whichis simple and durable in constructtion, economical to manufacture and effective in its operation.

Another object of my invention is to provide an electrical condenser structure which comprises units or sections of such charac-' ter as to permit condensers for widely different voltages to be constructed from a relatively small number of stock parts, thereby M economizing in the handling, storing, shipping and assembling of the parts and facilitating the replacement of damaged members.

In high potential condensers, employed in wireless telegraph and other circuits, it has often been the custom to construct the same as single units, each having the desired voltage value between its terminals and a single insulator to support the same, A condenser of this construction has many disadvantages Q5 among which are the likelihood of injury or destruction from undue electrical stresses, the expense in handling and shipping, the necessity of having to practically rebuild the device when it is injured and the inadaptability thereof to different conditions.

The provision of a single insulator to'withstand the very high voltages of such condensers also increases the cost and complicates the manufacture thereof, it being known r to those versed in the art, that the cost of manufacture of the insulator does not increase in proportion to the voltages but that it increases at a much greater rate than in simple proportion. For example, a ninety thousand volt insulator does not cost only three times as much as av thirty thousand volt insulator but many times more than three times as much. This is particularly true of refractory insulators, such as porcelain,

(5 wherein great care in the handling and firing 1924. Serial No. 719,335.

of the insulators is necessary. It is also known that large orcelain insulators are more likely to be de ective than smaller ones. In practicing my invention, I provide an electrical structure, articularly ada ted as a condenser, that is Built up in the orm of a stack pile or standard comprising distinct sections to constitute a single high voltage device.

Further objects and advantaes of the invention are set forth in the ollowing description and .the accompanying drawing, which show the preferred embodiment of my invention; but I reserve the right to make changes in the details of construction not necessarily shown herein but falling within the scope and spirit of the invention, and the same is defined in the appended claims.

On the drawin Figurel is a longitudinal sectional viewo a condenser according to my invention, and

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 22 of Fi ure 1.

n the particular description of what the drawing presents, I employ the numeral 1 to indicate a hollow insulating casin which may be tubular in form with open en s. This casing may be of orcelain or any other suitable material, an it may be mounted so that its central axis is upright as shown, or in any other desired osition. The 0 en lower end is intended to e covered and c osed by a clo sure member 2 in the form of a plate of conducting material, such as metal, and a similar member 3 closes the upper end of the casing or section. The complete structure comprises a plurality of such casings in alinement with each other.

Each individual condenser or unit is indicated as a whole by the numeral 4. It con sists of a number of elements or sheets of electrically conductive material separated by insulation or dielectric, and the units of each casing are disposed between bottom plates or blocks 5 and top plates or blocks 6 which are 'of conductive material, and are in contact with the bottom and top closure members 2 and 3, of the casing. Each of the units or individual condensers 4 may comprise groups of fiat or plane electrically conductive elements separated by insulation, each group being indicated as a whole by the numeral 7 and the different groups being separated by intervening plates of insulation 8. The electrically conductive elements of each group with the insulation separating them from one another make up a body, and one half of the electrically conductive elements of the lower group may project at one extremity and be brought together and joined through the lower block 5 to the bottom closure 2; while the remaining half of the elements of electrically conductive material of this lowermost body 7 will project at the opposite end shown as the left hand end in the drawing, and be joined to the projecting ends of one half of the electrically conductive elements of the body or group 7 directly above it-as indicated by the numeral 9; the remaining half of the elements of electrically conductive material of this next upper group being caused to pro- 'ect at the other end; that is, at the right, to

e joined to the projecting ends of half of the elements of electrically conductive material of the third group 7, and so on up through the unit 4, to the top group which will have the projecting ends of half of the electrically conductive elements thereof brought into contactwith the block 6 and thus put into connection with the top closure 3. It will be observed that the plates 8 between the various groups 7 of each unit project alternately in opposite directions, the lower-most plate 8 in the lower easing 1 projecting first to the right between the first and second groups 7 at the bottom, because the first and second groups at the bottom are shown as being joined together through their extremities at the left hand as shown in the drawing; the next upper plate 8 projecting to the left, because the second and thirdgroups 7 from the bottom are joined together at the right, and so on up through the unit until the block 6 is reached. The groups 7 of each unit are in series with one another: while each half of the elements of electrically conductive material comprised' in each group are in parallel. But I may, if desired, vary the manner of arrangement of the parts of each of the units, so long as each of the individual condensers or, units is designed to give the voltage and capacity required. The units 4 of each section are in series with the units of the other sections, and the condenser may be built up for any desired capacity or voltage simply by assembling as many of the casings 1 as are necessary; and the condenser can be connected in circuit by joining the lowermost closure member 2 to a conductor 10, and the uppermost closure member to a conductor 11. Each of the tuemme bular casings 1 may be round in cross-section or ,be given any other cross-sectional shape,

and the closure members at the bottom and top of the assembled condenser, as well as those in between the various casings 1 or sections of which the assembled condenser is built up, may be of slightly greater size than the width of the sections, and the exterior of the casing of each section may be corrugated, as shown at 12, to increasethe exterior surface between the plates separating the sec; tions, and thus increase the creepage dis tance.

With a condenser of this type, I can assemble as many sections as I wish, and in the event that any particular section is ever damaged or its function impaired, the injured section can be removed or replaced at once. If only a single section is employed, it will have a bottom closure 2 and a top closure 3, but if several sections are piled one on top of the other, asingle closure or separator plate between any two adjacent sections is all that is needed to provide a top closure for one and a bottom closure for the other; while the terminal blocks and 6 of the units 4.- of any two adjacent sections will both be in contact with the metal separator plate between them, and thus connect the adjacent terminals of the condensers in those two sections to each other.

Instead of making the blocks 5 and 6 at the extremities of each unit 4'of-solid metal, I may form them outof insulation, such as a number of sheets of mica laid together to give the desired thickness indicated at 13, and then lay against onevface of each block a plate or sheet of metal, such as metal foil 14, folding it over one edge and against the opposite face of the other block. This makes the block conductive, so that if the metal foil 14 on one face is connected to the adjacent certain advantages, which makes terminalblocks of this design, consisting partly of insulation with a metal coating, quite desirable. The corrugations 12 by increasing the extent of exterior surface of each casing I, contribute to the radiation of the heat which is developed in the operation of the condenser, as well as increase the creepage distance. Each section and the unit 4 therein will have such dimensions that when the closure plates 2 and 3 are placed over the open upper and lower ends. they will engage the end blocks 5 and 6 tightly and cause the unit 4 to be cl amped firmly between these blocks. and the same result will be obtained when the complete structure is assembled or built, by piling or stacking one section on top of the other; and of course any suitable means may be employed to fasten the closure or separator plates to the ends of the casings as securely as is necessary to seal the sections and protect the units 4 inside of them. If desired, the sections may be filled with some insulating compound such as oil, or wax, or allowed to remain empty with nothing but air spaces between the units and the interior surface of the casing 1.

In connection with the foregoing description, it is to be understood that the units 4 may be made up in the form of clamped units, that is any suitable means may be pro vided to bind the various groups of electrically conductive elements separated by insulation and insulator plates 8 between the groups tightly together: and in addition to fixing the members 2 and 3 to the upper and lower ends of the various casing in any feasible manner to insure efficient electrical contact between the plates 2 and 3, the blocks 5 and 6 of the individual condensers 4 may, when the units 4 are made up as clamped units, be included in the clamping means and held together with the bodies 7 and plates 8. In practice the complete structure when assembled may be mounted upon any suitable insulating support.

The members 2 and 3 are, of course, so related to the tubular casings 1, as to be really parts thereof, and I may obviously, if desired, build up anelectrical structure comprising the devices above described, in such a way. that the structure may consists of a number of columns of casings and units 4, instead of a single column as shown in the drawing. For such a purpose, it is only necessary to make the closure members 2 and 3 large enough to cover the ends of a number of casings 1 and then the structure can comprise two or more columns of casings, each casing containing one unit 4, the various casings serving as mountings. Such a method of assembling condenser units is, in general, shown in my prior copending application, Serial No. 648,848 for patent upon an electrical structure filed June 30, 1923, which application issued May 10, 1927 as Patent No. 1,628.627.

Having described my invention, what I believe to be new and desire to secure and protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:-

1.- An electrical structure comprising a plurality of sections, each section including a hollow casing of insulation containing an individual condenser or unit, the casings having open ends. members of conductive material for closing the ends of said casings and for separating the adjacent sections of said structure from one another, and blocks of conductive material in each casing in contact with said members at the opposite ends of said casings and in connection with the extremities of the units in said casings, said blocks containing insulation, said structure forming a hollow column, and enclosin a number of units in circuit with each 0t er when the sections are assembled.

2. A high tension electrical condenser comprising a plurality of serially-connected stack-sections arranged in a stack having opposite potential ends; a casing enclosing said stack, the side-walls of the casing lying adjacent the sides of the stack and consisting of insulating material formed integrally in one piece; the ends of the casing including opposite potential condenser terminals held to the insulating casing-walls, electrically connected to the ends of the stack and insulated from one another by the side walls of the casing.

3. An enclosed high tension electrostatic condenser construction which comprises a condenser casing of insulating material having oppositely disposed openings; a 'con denser in the form of a stack of sheets and positioned in said insulating casing to have its sides extending along the insulating wall of the casing and its opposite ends in the vicinity of said casing-openings; said stack being divided by insulating separators into sections,'and said sections being electrically connected in series with one another by armature-connections located outside the stack at the sides thereof and facing the wall of the casing, wherebythere is a potential diiference across the ends of each section and a high potential difference across the ends of the stack of sections; and two condenser terminals of opposite potential connected with the armatures of the two end sections of said stack and extending thru the open- .ingsof the insulating casing; said'casing extending from end to end of the stack and from one of said condenser terminals to the other, and preventing electrical interference of any of the stack-sections with one another or with any metal parts, and. providing wide electrical separation entirely around the stack of the opposite stack ends and of said condenser terminals of high potential difference.

4. An enclosed high tension electrostatic condenser construction which comprises a condenser casing of insulating material having oppositely disposed openings; a condenser in the form of a stack of sheets and ositioned in said insulating casing to have its sides extending along the insulating wall of the casing and its ends in the vicinity of said casing openings; said stack being divided by insulating separators into sections and said sections being electrically connected in series with one another by armature-connections located outside the stack at the sides thereof and facing the wall of the casing whereby there is a potential difference across the ends of each section; and two condenser terminals connected with the armatures of two end sections of said stack and extending thru the opposite openings of said insulating casing; said insulating casing extending from end to end of the stack, fro one of said condenser terminals to the ot er and entirely around the sides of the stack and preventing electrical interference of any of the stack sections with one another or with any metal parts.

5. A high potential condenser unit comprising a plurality" of relatively low potential condensers arranged face to face with one another in a unit stack as closely adjacent together as desired for compactness, the w oppositely poled armature terminals of the individual condensers projecting laterally from the unit stack, the armature-terminals of like polarity of adjacent individual condensers being connected together permitting W the laterally projecting armature-terminals of unlike polarity of the same adjacent individual condensers, and lying at separated points along the length of the unit stack, to I be subjected to relatively high potential difl ferences; in combination with an encasing means for such unit stack which means includes a member of structural insulating material extending from end to end of the stack along the sides of all the individual I condensers and surrounding said sides circumferentially and as closely adjacent as desired for compactness to said laterally projecting armature-terminals of relatively high potential difierence; whereby all of the plu- 83" rality of individual condensers are provided with a single common protective casing member of structural material which is non-conducting between all points of high potential 'difierence between the ends and along the sides of the unit stack and adjacent said insulating member.

6. A condenser comprising fiat layers of interposed insulating sheets and conductive sheets forming a condenser stack, an open ended container of insulating'material in which said condenser stack is mounted, and metal closures for the open ends of said container clamping the condenser stack therebetween.

7. A condenser com rising flat layers of interposed insulating s eets and conductive sheets forming a condenser stack, an open ended container of insulating material in which said; condenser stack is mounted, and metal closures sealing the container and engaging the ends of the condenser stack tightly between them.

8. A condenser comprising fiat layers of interposed insulating sheets and conductive sheets forming a condenser stack, an open ended container of insulating material in which said condenser stack is mounted, metal closures for the open ends of said container, conductive terminal blocks at the ends of said stack engaged by the respective cloeraese sheets are parallel to the ends of the housing,

said stack being firmly clamped, and metal closures for the housing, said closures forming terminals for the condenser stack.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

WILLIAM DUBILIER.

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