US1872868A - Skylight construction - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 23, 1932. A. F. ABRONSKI SKYLIGHT CONSTRUCTION Filed July 26. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet l WITNESS INVENTOR m AEXEYJEEII'TAIJI" unsKi A TTORNEY Aug. 23, A F, ABRONSKI SKYLIGHT CONSTRUCTION Filed July 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 i iii i W] TNESS: IN V EN TOR $1 AlaxanderEAbrnn 5K1 BY A TTORNEY Allg- 1932- A. F. ABRONSKI 1,872,868

SKYLIGHT CONSTRUCTION Filed July 26. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 5 WITNESS: INVENTOR 49 EXBndErIAhr UngKi ATTORNEY Aug. 23, 1932. A. F. ABRONSKI 1,872,868

SKYLIGHT CONSTRUCTION Filed July 26. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 wmv s.- mmvron I!) I C HexanderTAbrunsKi TTORNEY Patented Aug. 23, 1932 1 h EEN g ann-w AuVMa...

ALEXANDER F, ABBONSKLDF' PHILADELPHIA, ,PENNSYLVANIA SKYLIGHT CONSTRUCTION Application filed July 26,

The present invention relates to skylight constructions.

The invention has among its objects to improve, facilitate andsimplify the manufacture and assemblage of skylights,

Further objects are to provide :a skylight of improved type which may be-efi'ectively and pi openly assembled in place by unskilled workmen and for which the parts may be cut to proper sizeand otherwise made ready for assemblage at the factory.

Still further objects of the invcntiomare to improve the construction of skylights havin g overlapping panels or-panes ofgla'ss and to, at the same time, render the same sturdy and thoroughly weather-proof.

A further object of the invention "isto improve a skylight construction to not only-be water and weather-proof but to alsocarry 2o all water of condensation that may collect on the underside of theglass and any seepage due to leaks should any occur.

A further object of the inventionis to so improve skylight glazing bars that they may without added accessories, asa support for platform structure used incident to repair of the skylight or for other purposes.

further object of the invention-istoimprove the weather-tight and waterproof construction of the above character without the u e of putty, cement, or the like.

A. further object of the invention is tosimprove glazing bar structure, of a single unia Y construction without mechanical joints, in effect a continuous metallic structure th .-.ghout the linear extent of same,.wh1ch be light of weight, sturdy of construction and. where practical, of standardized and interchangeable parts.

An object of the invention is to so improve a z kylight structure that it will lend itself readily to manufacture by extrusion processes and which will be of rustproof and homogeneous construction.

An object of the invention is to provide a 1929. Serial No. 381,140.

glazing barconstruction which lends itself in an improvedmanner to use in the glazing ofilo'ng runs of skylight and'to the supporting of the glass panels overlapping one another.

A further object of the invention is to provide a skylight construction which will be water and weather-proof and which will provide improvedcompcnsation for relative expansion and contraction of parts.

The invention consists of a skylight constrnction including as features a supporting frame for the panels of roofing'm'aterial' as panels or panes of glass, the supporting frame consisting of bars, such as are known in the skylight art asglazing bars, suitably connected together at their ends, and which preferably comprise, where practical, a single unitary construction without mechanical joints, being in eii'ect a continuousmetallic structure throughout its length.

These bars moreover are provided with suitable condensation or water channels formed in flanges located on either side of thebase on the lower edge of said bars, as well as suitable panel rests in thenature of flanges on either side of the'upper portion of said bars and provided with suitable condensation channelsto collect and carry off water of condensation forming on the'underside of the panels.

These upper flanges are provided with other grooves, recesses or channels which maybe filled with padding of any suitable character to serve as a cushion for the glass panelsto rest upon. The bars are also pref- '3 erably constructed so that the main orcentral web of the bar extends upward beyond the upper flanges to provide adequate foundation for superstructure, as a holding-down construction or capping, and a firm and rigid base for carrying such weight as it may be necessary'to be placed thereon.

Theinvention contemplates the use of such bars, all the parts of which are integrally formed of one homogeneous piece of "metal so designed as to lend itself to manufacture by extrusion, together with which may be used bars having the web formed of relatively adjustable sections.

The invention contemplates further structures using only adjustable bars or only non-adjustable bars, as occasion may demand or render advantageous, together with other necessary and desirable parts.

Together with structure as above outlined, other features and accessories may be employed which lend advantage to the construction of the skylight and make it possible to construct such skylights from standardized parts which may be cut to proper lengths and sizes and simply assembled at the place of employment.

Among these features and accessories are sheathing and flashing accessories and ridge bars in the nature of angles extending the length of the ridge of the roof and serving to connect with the ends of the various glazing beams. The angles may be used in connection with wedge members or other suitable Spreaders for varying the slope of the skylight runs to each other.

The eaves of the skylight may be provided with a housing and support for the glazing bars including a sheathing for the curb on which the skylight rests so constructed as to provide for proper drainage and protection against corrosion of the fastenings holding the same to the curbing and against seepage of water through the apertures through which the fastenings project. This feature may take the form of a raised portion in the base of the housing in which said apertures occur. This housing and support is in the nature of a glazing bar extending transversely of the other glazing bars.

In connection with the structure as outlined above, suitable capping or holding down members may be employed bridging the flanges of the glazing bars and having edges resting on the upper surfaces of the panels. These capping members may be in the form of inverted channels provided with other inverted channels adjacent their side edges, the sidewalls of which may contact with the lass panels and which, where desirable, may be filled with a suitable cushioning material as felt, oakum, etc.

The invention contemplates means for holding the panels of glass properly positioned on the glazing bars and this means may consist of suitable clips which bridge the flanges of the glazing bars providing wings on either side thereof and upturned flanges on one edge of said wings.

Similarly, suitable means are employed, under certain circumstances, to secure the glazing bars to supporting structure, which may take the form of clips having wings foldable over portions of the supporting structure and other wings foldable over flanges of the glazing bars; under other circumstances, the glazing bar may be nailed, riveted, or screwed to the supporting structure as conditions and convenience may dictate.

The panel supporting flanges may be provided with vertically extending portions providing rests for the side edges of the panels and these rests may be channeled, or not, may be desired and the channels when pro vided may hold a padding, as a strip of cork. felt or other suitable material on which the panels rest.

lVhere more than one length of panel material is used with a given slope of the skylight, the webs of the glazing bars may be made in adjustable sections so that the lower ends of one panel of giass may be suitably supported in overlapping rclatiin to the next succeeding lower panel. The adjustment of these sections may be accomplished in nun'ierous ways, as by providing a slot and boit connection.

For further details of construction lending themselves to the above ends and for a better understanding of the invention as hereinbefore outlined, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

igure 1 is a schematic showing of a skylight made in accordance with my invention,

Figure 2 is a fragmentary view showing the attachment of the skylight construction to the curb of a roof; also showing the relation of glazing bars to the bottom glazing bar and to the glass panels and likewise showing the capping connected to the glazing bar and covering the edges of the panels sup ported by the glazing bar,

Figure 3 is a fragmentary plan view showing the connection of the ridge capping with the glazing bar cappings,

Figure 4 is a section longitudinally of a glazing bar and at one side thereof showing the glazing bar as comprised of adjustable sections and illustrating the overlapping of one of the roofing panels to the other,

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view showing in section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4 the relation of the panels to each oi ier on this line and showing the lower end support of one of the sections in place, the view also illustrating the construction whereby adjustment between the sections may be accomplished and showing one form of base channel in connection with the lower section,

Figure 6 is a fragmentary view showing one end in section of a variation in the form of a glazing bar shown in Figure 2; in this form the base member is provided with lateral flanges outside of the channeled portion thereof and the panel supporting rests are shown as unchanneled,

Figure 7 is a variation of the construction shown in Figure 5 illustrating the upper of the adjustable sections of the glazing bar as provided with a central groove in which the web of the lower section rides, the sections being provided with adjustable connection one with the other,

Figure 8 illustrates on an enlarged scale compared with Figure the connection of the glazing bars with the curbing of the skylight,

Figure 9 is a detailed fragmentary view showing the manner in which the bottom glazing bar construction is cut away to provide for the projection therethrough of the supporting flanges for the panels,

Figure 10 is a detailed plan view on an enlarged scale of a clip Construction for bolding the lower ends of panels, said clip construction also being shown in Figures 4 and 5,

Figure 11 is a side elevation of this clip construction,

Figure 12 illustrates the connection of the glazing bars to the ridge bars and the relation of the ridge capping to the ridge bars and to the glazing bars,

Figures 13 and 14 show alternate methods of connecting the ridge bars so as to contract or expand the angle at the ridge of a two run skylight as may be desired, and

Figures 15 and 16 show a further clip construction designed to be used in connecting the glazing bars to supporting structure; Figure 15 showing the clip in end elevation; Fi ure 16 showing the same in side elevation.

eferring now to the drawings in detail by reference numerals, 20 designates a skylight construction illustrative of the manner of using the various features of the invention, the same comprising a single run 21 of skylight on one side of the ridge the other side comprising a pair of overlapping panels designated by the numerals 23 and 24.

Where the run of the skylight is a single continuous slope such as the slope 21, a construction of glazing bar such as shown in Figure 2, integrally formed of a single unitary construction, is quite satisfactory.

This bar, designated by the letter A, comprises a base member 25 provided with side ridges 26 extending longitudinally thereof and affording channels on either side of the vertically extending web 27 formed on the medial longitudinal line of the base member, This web is of suflicient width to extend both above and below the panels 28 which in case of a skylight are of glass or other suitable transparent or translucent material.

The web is provided intermediate its longitudinal edges with laterally extending supporting structure for the panels 28. This supporting structure may be in the nature of laterally extending flanges 29 having thereon panel rests 30 and 31 extending longitudinally of the upper faces of the flanges and forming therebetween channels which may, if desired, be filled with a suitable cushioning, as felt, cork or the like, in the manner as illustrated at 32 in Figure 5 of the drawings.

The portion of the web 27 which extends above the panels 29 affords a suitable foundationto which may be connected a capping or holding down construction 33 in the nature of an inverted channel extending longitudinally of the glazing bars, bridging the same and having the lateral edges thereof contacting with the panels 28.

These edges may be provided with supplemental channcls 34 extending longitudinally of the capping and having both of their edges 35 resting on the panels. These side channels may be filled with cushioning material such as felt, oakum, lead, or other suitable material, and afford efiective battles against the blowing of water or dust into the interior of the structure to which the skylight is attached and also aflording a cushion against outward pressure, vibrations and against contraction and expansion.

The members 33 may be of yieldable resilient material, as sheet metal, and pressure may be exerted thereon for clamping the edges 35 against the panels by any suitable means, by the nut and bolt connection shown at 36 and 37 in the drawings. These bolts are connected to the web of the glazing bar by suitable means, as by bolts 38, the connection therebetween being clearly illustrated in Figures 2, 6 and 8, the bolts 37 being shown as formed with flat disc-like portions adapted to rest against the webs to which they are attached.

In the construction of a skylight having overlapping runs, as shown at 23 and 24 in Figure 1 of the drawings, a glazing bar having adjustable sections is desirable. Such glazing bar is illustrated as indicated above in Figures ii: and 5 of the drawings and in a slightly different form in Figure 7.

In the construction as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the base member 25 is formed integral with one portion of the web 2? and the supporting flanges 29 are formed integral with a portion of the web 27 which is adjustably connected with the portion 27 in any desired manner.

A suitable connection is by means of a bolt 39 extended through apertures in the web member 27 and riding in slots 40 in the web member 27 As clearly shown in Figure 4 of the drawings, a single base section may extend the entire length of the particular run of the skylight with which it is associated, and a plurality of upper sections may be connected therewith according to the length of the panels to be supported and in order that the upper panels may overlap the next succeeding lower panels; the upper sections 27* may be adjusted to effect this overlapping relationship. The webs of the underlying and overlapping upper sections, under these circumstances, may be cut away, as shown at 41 in Figure 4 of the drawings, to provide a lap joint between the sections.

The lower edges of the panels may be held in place on the glazing bars by suitable means, as by clip constructions 42 such as are shown in detail in Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings and are also illustrated in assemblage with the glazing bars in Figures 4 and 5. These clips may be provided with bridging portions 43 for attaching to the glazing bars from which extend laterally, wings 44 having at their lower edges flanges These clips may be held in place by bolts 8. which also serve, as indicated above, to connect the holding down members .33 to the web of the glazing bar.

A strip of padding may be extended transversely of the panels and be held between the overlapping portions thereof, as shown at 46 in Figure 4 of the drawings.

A further clip construction is provided which may be used in connecting the glazing bars to supporting structure, as to channel irons, I beams or the like. Such a clip 1% shown in Figures 15 to 16 of the drawings and is in the nature of a web 47 having oppositely extending wings 48 adapted to lap about the base member 25 for securing the clip member thereto.

The clip member is also provided at right angles to the members 48 with an additional. wing 49 adapted to be lappet ibout a port on of an angle bar or I beam, shown in Figure 16 of the drawings, or may be suitably attached to supporting structure without lapping, as being nailed thereto. Obviously, this clip member may be used with any of the forms of glazing bars herein described.

A glazing bar which may be used alternately with the bar shown in Figure 2 is illustrated in Figure 6 o the drawings. This bar provided on the flanges 29 with panel rests 5Owl1ich are unchanneled and may be covered with a suitable padding as desired. Such padding is common on the mar {ct and constitutes no part of the present invention and is. therefore. not illustrated.

The base member 25 is also varied in form from that shown in Figure 2 in that there are provided outside of the ridges 26 laterally extending flan 51. These flanges may be provided with suitable apertures 5:2 at intervals therealong for the convenience of securing the base member to a supporting structure.

An alternative of the construction as shown in Figures 4 and 5 is illustrated in Figure 7 in which the upper section of the web is in the nature of a channeled member having aligned slots 54 therein for purposes of adjustment. Suitable bolts and nuts 55 and 56 are provided to fix the member 53 in adjusted position.

The upper ends of the glazing bars on each side of the ridge of the roof are connected together by suitable ridge bars which may be in the nature of angles such as are illustrated in detail in Figures 12, 13 and 14 of the drawings. These angles extend longitudinally of the ridge of the skylight and are provided with flange members 57 to which the glazing bars are attached at intervals after which the ridge bars may be connected together by bolts 58 extending through juxtaposed web membprs 59 extending from the respective flanges 5 The ridge may be covered with suitable capping and such a capping is shown at 60 bridging the webs 59 and extending to a suitable distance to overlap the capping 33 for the glazing bars, whereupon the capping 60 is rebent and folded under, as at 60 and then bent downwardly and under the glazing bar capping 33, as at 60 and 60. The capping 60 may be secured in place by means of bolts 61 secured to the glazing bars and which may also serve to bind the upper end of the glazing bar cappings in place. The cappings 33 and 60 may be formed by sheet metal so bent as to provide the desired shapes or may be formed of rolled, drawn, pressed or extruded metal.

The construction of the ridge bars, as

above described, may be taken advantage of i to facilitate shaping the ridge of the skylight at varying angles by providing wedge members or other spreaders which may be secured between the webs 59 in one of the two positions illustrated in Figures 13 and 14. It will also appear that wedges of varying angles or spreaders of varying sizes may be provided to afford conformity of the skylight to variations in roof slopes to which they may be applied.

The lower ends of the glazing bars as hereinbefore described are customarily supported on a curb formed on the roof and extending vertically upward therefrom. The lower ends of the bars under these circumstances are housed in suitable sheathing or flashing to complete the closure.

This arrangement may be availed of in my construction. However, under certain circumstances I find it advantageous to support these ends of the glazing bars on what I term a bottom glazing bar such as is shown at 65 in Figure 8 of the drawings. This bottom glazing bar is provided with a body portion 65 and a base or flange 69, which, together, house the lower ends of the glazing bars and are preferably of a unitary construction. The body 65 is formed on its upper edge with a laterally extending flange provided with a panel rest 66 which may be channeled as shown at 68 between ridges 67.

These channeled rests may be cut away at intervals, as shown in Figure 9 of the drawings, to accommodate extensions of the panel supporting flanges 29 of the lower ends of to vary the altitude of sections of the web relative to other sections. 7

8. In a skylight, a glazing bar comprising an upstanding web, a panel supporting member extending. laterally from one side intermediate its longitudinal edges, and means to vary the altitude of sections of the web relative to other sections.

9. In a skylight, a glazing bar comprising an upstanding web, a panel supporting member extending laterally from one side, and means to vary the altitude of sections'of the web and the panel supporting member relative to other sections.

10."In a skylight, a glazing bar comprising an upstanding web, a panel supporting member extending laterally from one side intermediate its longitudinal edges, and means to vi'ary the altitude of sections of the web and the panel supporting member relative to other sections.

11-. In a skylight, a glazing bar comprising an upstanding web, a panel supporting member extending laterally from one side, a panel rest formed on said supporting member with a drainway interlying the panel rest and Web, a gutter member extending laterally from the web below and wider than the panel supporting member having upturned margins defining a gutter, a capping strip fitted tobear upon the edge ofithe web and having'sides adapted to bear upon underlying panels, and means to vary the altitude'of sections ofthe web relative to other sections.

12. I In a skylight, a glazing bar comprising.

an upstanding web, a panel supporting member extendinglaterally from one side,.a'pa'n'el rest formed onsaid supporting member comprising spaced substantially parallel packing retaining walls with a drainway interly ingthepanel rest and web, a gutter member extending laterally from theweb below and wider. than the panel supporting member having upturned margins defining ;a gutter,

a capping strip fitted to bear upon the edge.

of the web and having sides adapted to bear upon underlying panels, and means to vary the altitude of sections of the web relative.

to other sections. 7

13. In a skylight construction a homogeneous" glazing bar comprising a vertical Web. having its upper marginal area reduced in thickness, a'base at the loweredge of and perpendicular'to the web, apanel rest intermediate the upper and lower'edges of they bar and; perpendicular thereto, and a packing retalner' comprising spaced substantially parallel packing engaging walls carried "by said panel rest.-

'14-. Ina-skylight construction a homogeneous -glazing bar; comprising a vertical web with an upper section of less. thickness, a base at the lower. edge of and perpendicular tothe web,.-a panel rest intermediate the upper and lower edges of the bar'and; per-'

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