US1870838A - Insulated wall construction - Google Patents

Description

A118- 9, 1932- E. w. DAvls Y INSULATED WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed May 16. 1929 2` sheets-sheet 1 .ATTORNEYS Aug. 9, 1932. w. DAVIS INSULATED WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed May 16, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2' ,lill

M (DW/Wmfm l ATTORNEYS INVENToR l 144 aw BY Patented Aug. 9, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EDWIN W. DAVIS, O1' CLOQUET, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOB TO WOOD CONVERSION COI- PANY, OF OLOQUET, IINNESOTA, A CORPORATION Ol' DELAWARE msm-rm) wenz. coNsraUcrIoN Application med lay 16,

This invention relates to insulated wall constructions and more particularly to a wall for stationary buildings and the like having a layer of insulating material of a fibrous nature arranged therein.

In my prior Patent No. 1,672,639 granted J une 5, 1928, I have disclosed and claimed an insulating material consisting of an elastic core having one or more covering sheets of elastic paper or like material in combination with al frame subject to' racking, such as the frame of a refrigerator car.

It has heretofore been proposed to use insulating material consisting 'of a core and stiff, inelastic covering sheets in frames that are not subject to racking such as the walls of dwelling houses and other buildings. The core of such insulating material is of appreciable thickness, generally from onelhalf inch to one and one-half inches, and in applying this insulating material it is nailed to the studding or other support in such manner that'it is compressed at the point of attachment. When an insulating sheet consisting of a fibrous elastic core and stii inelastic paper covering sheets is compressed in this manner, the paper coverings are frequently torn and the insulation is robbed of a great deal of its eiiciency.

My invention resides in the combinationof a building frame and an insulating member Vtherefor consisting of an elastic core of fibrous material and one or more covering sheets of elastic paper whereby, upon compression of the core at the points where it is secured to the frame, the elastic covering sheet will give or stretch without rupture and the eiiieiency of the insulating material is not impaired.

Various types of covering sheets may be employed but I preferably employ creped paper. Duplex creped paper consisting of -two or more thicknesses united to each other by asphalt or the like may be em loyed. The creped paper may be secured to t e core in various ways, but I preferably employ a layer of adhesive between the core andthe inner surface of the covering sheet. The use of an adhesive to unite the core to the covering sheet, instead of uniting itby stitching,

1929. Serial No. 303,566.

is particularly advantageous as I have found that when covering sheets are attached to an elastic, fibrous core by stitching, the paper covering sheets frequently tear at the points where they are punctured for the stitches and the use of stitching robs the composite insulating sheet of a great Vdeal of its eiiiciency. Air lows through the holes formed inthe covering sheet by the stitches and moisture may be admitted at these points, either of which reduces the eiiiciency of the insulation.

By employing creped paper, the wei ht of the covering sheet may be materially re uced, thus reducing the weight of insulation to be supported in the frame of the building for each unit' of insulating material employed. As stated above, the creped paper will give or stretch at the points where it is secured to the building frame and it may be more easily handled and attached without being torn due to its greater flexibility. A further important advantage of the creped paper covering is that in wooden buildings where the insulating material is in direct contact with the sheathing,'afar better insulation is obtained 75 with the creped pa er covering as the crepin breaks the contact Ibetween the sheathing an the insulation and thereby increases the eiliciency of the insulation.

The core may bemade of any suitabe material such as Wood fiber, hair felt, flax fiber, eel ss or the like. Ihave found that a particularly satisfactory combination is obtained when the creped paper covering sheets are used in conjunction with a core of shredded wood fibers disposed in heterogeneous arrangement with the fibers extending in all directions and united to each other at their points of intersection. Such a material is fully described in the patent to Howard F. Weiss, No. 1,336,402, granted April 6, 1920. In the drawings I have illustrated the insulating material in conjunction with several types of walls.

Fig. 1 is a detailed, sectional view `of a frame wall showing the insulation ap lied;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a tile wal Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the insulating i Fig. 4 is a front elevation of a portion of a sheet of insulating material showing the creped paper covering;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a brick veneer wall showing the invention applied thereto;

Fig. 6 is a View, similar to Fig. 1 showing the insulating material arranged in the center of the space between the inner plaster wall and the sheathing; and

Fig. 7 is a detailed, sectional view of a frame wall showing the modification in the method of applying the method of insulation.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, in which a conventional frame wall is illustrated with my invention applied thereto, the reference numeral 1 designates the usual studding. Laths 2 spaced from each other are secured to the inside of the studding and the usual plaster wall 3 is supported by the laths. Sheathing boards 4 are arranged on the outside of the studding and covered by sheathing paper 5 in the usual manner. The drop siding 6 is arranged exteriorly of the sheathing paper.

The insulating material may be arranged in contact with the inner surface of the sheathing boards and secured to the studs as shown in Fig. 1 or it may be arranged at any point in the space between the sheathing and plaster. As shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings the insulating material may be arranged at any point intermediate the sheathing 4 and the inner plaster wall 3. The insulating material is shown in detail in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings and consists of a core 7 which may be of any suitable fibrous elastic material. As stated above, I preferably employ a core of shredded wood fibers such as is disclosed and claimed in the Weiss Patent No. 1,336,402. The surfaces of this core are covered with layers of elastic paper 8 which is preferably creped paper of one or more layers. Duplex creped paper may advantageously be employed. While the creped paper may be secured to the core in any suitable manner, I preferably apply a layer of adhesive 9 to the inner surface of the covering sheets, then place the covering sheet in position on the core and allow the adhesive to dry. Various types of adhesive may be employed for this purpose. The insulating material is designated in position in the wall structure by the reference numeral 10 and as shown, it is longer in the dimension across the ereping lilies than the distance between the studs 5 so that the ends are iianged over the sides of the stud as indicated at 11. The insulating sheets are secured in position by means of cleats 12 engaging the iianges and adapted to receive nails 13 or other fastening elements which pass through the flanges and enter the studs. When the cleats are nailed to the studs, they must be driven down tight to prevent passage of wind and moisture at these points, and the core 7 of the insulating sheet is thus compressed at the points of attachment as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and in some instances, may be compressed to substantially no thickness at the point 11. In the application of a fibrous insulating core one inch in thickness, the distance between the cleats 12 at each end of a sheet of insulating material will increase about one and one-half inches, when the nails 13 are driven into the studs, and the inner covering 8 of the insulation lnust give or stretch this amount to prevent tearing. When stiff inelastic covering sheets are vemployed, this compression of the core tends to rupture the covering sheet but by employing the creped paper coverin sheets of my invention, this diiiiculty is o viated as the covering sheet will give or stretch4 and the insulating qualities of the product will, therefore, not be impaired. It will be'apparent to those skilled in the art that if the covering sheet is torn the efficiency of the insulating material is seriously impaired and materially reduced.

In Fig. 2 of the drawings I have shown a wall 14 formed of building tile which may be provided with al stuccoed exterior 15. A space 16 is provided between the wall and the lath 17 which supports the plaster inner wall 18. The insulating material is arranged in' this space and designated by the reference numeral 19. As shown, it is spaced'from the inner and outer Walls by furring strips 20. As will be readily appreciated from an inspection of Fig. 2 of the drawings, the portion of the insulating sheet between the vfurring strips is materially compressed aud in using insulating sheets provided with yinelastic coverings the same diiiiculties are encountered in a wall of this character as in a frame Wall, that is, the compression of the insulating sheet tends to rupture the inelastic covering and the rupture may extend throughout a considerable portion of the sheet. Substantially the same conditions. are present when the insulation is applied exteriorly of the sheathing to a brick veneer wall. As shown in Fig. 5 of the drawinds the usual brick veneer Wall consists of studding 21 to which the laths are secured and which support an inner plaster wall 22. sheathing 23 is'arranged on the exterior of the studs and the insulating material is wrapped around the sheathing as indicated at 24 and retained in position by laths or wooden strips 25 which are nailed through the 1nsulating material as indicated at 26. The outer brick wall 27 is then placed over the insulating material. When insulating material provided with stiii inelastic coveringsheets is applied in this manner and the wooden strips driven down, the paper covering sheets The use of fibrous elastic cores of one inch thickness is becoming more and more common 1n building construction and these cores are compressed to a thickness of about one-eighth paper stretched. I have also found that it is possible, when creped paper covering sheets are employed to dispense with the strips 25 and use large headed nails to retain the insulating material on the sheathing and drive the nails through the insulating material into the sheathing.

In Fig. 7 of the drawings I have shown a frame wall in which the studding, inner plaster wall, sheathing, sheathing paper and drop siding are designated by the same reference numerals as employed in connection with Fig. l. In this view, however, I have, illustrated 0 the insulation applied in a diiferent manner.

Instead of nailing it to the sides of the studding it is wrapped around the studding before the sheathing is applied and is retained in position by the sheathing. The portion 28 of the cor'e between the studding and the sheathing is thus compressed to substantially no thickness and the inner covering sheet is placed under an unusual strain at the points 29. With insulations heretofore employed 0 having stiff covering sheets, this procedure has been impossible as the stift1 inelastic paper covering sheets would not stand the strain to which they would be subjected at the points 29. With the elastic creped paper covering sheets employed in connection with my product, the inner coveringsheets will give or stretch at these points and not rupture Aand the application of the insulating materialto a frame building construction can thus be materially simplified.

Frame, tile and brick veneer walls have been used for illustrating the invention but it will be apparent that it may be applied to oth'cr conventional types of walls. such as walls of concrete or the like. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that the iiexibility of the composite insulating mate-` rial of my invention permits it to be more readily attached to a wall in that it will give, if necessary, to permit it to be secured to a wall having some irregularities therein, as frequently happens in building. construction. The reduction of the amount of contact between the upper surface of the insulating material and the sheathing in a frame construction is also a matter of material importance as the eiiiciency of the insulating is thereby materially increased.

The creping lines of the covering sheets are parallel and extend in one direction across the insulating material, as indicatedV in the s everal figures of the drawings. The fastemng means are thus arranged parallel to the creping lines of the covering sheets and the cover-- ing sheets have their greater degree of elasticity in a direction across said creping lines and at right angles to the fastening means.

Throughout the claims the term building frame is used to designate a rigid, or substantially rigid wall, as distinguished from av Wall subject to racking such as the wall of a refrigerator car.

I claim: y

1. In combination, a building frame, an'insulating member comprising a fibrous core and at least one covering sheet of crepedwpaper, and la rigid strip clamping said member to said frame, said strip extending parallel to the 'creping of said paper whereby said creped paper maystretch without rupture of said insulating member.

:2.v In combination with a building frame, an

insulating member comprising an elastic core and at least one covering sheet of material which is elastic in at least one direction, and a rigid strip clamping said insulating member to said frame, said strip extending at right angles to said direction of elasticity whereby to permit `said covering sheet to stretch without rupture of said sheet in mounting said clamping member.

3. In combination, a building frame, an insulating member comprising a iibrous core and at least one covering sheet of creped paper and means for clamping said member to said frame, said means extending parallel to the creping of said paper whereby said creped paper may stretch Without rupture of said insulating member.

4. In combination with a building frame, an insulating member comprising. an elastic `core and at least one covering sheet of material whichis elastic'in at least one dlrectlon, g

and means for clamping said insulating member to said fra-Ine, said means eXtendlng at right' angles to said direction of elasticity.

Images