US1866373A - Refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigerating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1866373A
US1866373A US396230A US39623029A US1866373A US 1866373 A US1866373 A US 1866373A US 396230 A US396230 A US 396230A US 39623029 A US39623029 A US 39623029A US 1866373 A US1866373 A US 1866373A
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United States
Prior art keywords
valve
bellows
conduit
vacuum
jet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US396230A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harry F Smith
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Frigidaire Corp
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Frigidaire Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US396230A priority Critical patent/US1866373A/en
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Publication of US1866373A publication Critical patent/US1866373A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to refrigerating apparatus and moreparticularly to devices for automatically controlling refrigerating systems, especially those of the intermittent absorption type.
  • One of the objects of the invention- is to provide an improved control apparatus which permits the refrigerating system to operateonly in response to an adequate flow 0 of cooling medium.
  • a by Another object is to provide a control apparatus in which the existence of a vacuum is essential to operation of the refrigerating system, and to provide an improved arrangew ment for maintaining a vacuum.
  • the single figure of the drawing is a diagrammatic representation of a refrigerating system embodying the invention.
  • the improved refrigerating system includes a generator-absorber generally designated by 50 which is automatically heated and cooled to supply refrigerant to a refrigerating element or evaporator 52 and to withdraw refrigerant from the element, which may be used to cool any suitable cabinet or compartment 54.
  • a condenser 56 is interposed between the generator-absorber and the refrigerating element.
  • the generator absorber 50 includes any suitable container 58 for absorbent which is connected by a refrigerant conduit 60 with the chamber 56 of the condenser which is cooled in any suitable, manner for example by water or other cooling medium flowing through a coil62. Liquefiedarofrigerant flows from the chamber 56 through a conduit 64 to the evaporator 52.
  • the generator-absorber is heated, gaseous refrigjcrant isgiven off, and will flow to and be condensed in the coldest part of the system.
  • the evaporator If the evaporator has previously been cooled by evaporation of refrigerant produced by an absorbing period, it will be colder than the condenser, hence refrigerant will tend to liquefy in the evaporator.
  • the latter In order to re-' Jerusalem the amount of condensation which can take place in the evaporator, the latter is formed as an insulated reservoir of small surface 66 having depending circulating and evaporating tubes 68 of large exposed surface which are maintained at all times filled with liquid refrigerant.
  • the heat of condensation of the refrigerant initially condensed will be confined to the reservoir and will speedily elevate its temperature above that of'the condenser after which all condensation will take place in the condenser.
  • the warm liquid will remain at the top of the evaporator and will not circulate.
  • the generator-absorber is cooled, the refrigerant in the reservoir will be evaporated, reducing the temperature of the reservoir to that of the tubes 68, after which continued cooling of the generator-absorber will produce evaporation in the tubes which are exposed to the atmosphere to be cooled.
  • a closed vapor circuit is provided for the purpose of heating and cooling the generator-absorber 58.
  • the latter is enclosed in a container 70 herein termed a vapor shell which may be filled to an upper level 72 with volatile liquid such as alcohol or ethyl chloride and which is connected to a vapor condenser 74 above the level of the vapor shell by means of a. vapor conduit 7 678 leading from the top of the vapor shell to the top of the condensing chamber, and a liquid conduit L80 leadin from the bottom of the condensing chamber 4: to a point near the bottom of the container 70.
  • the liquid in the vapor shell is vaporized by any suitable heating device herein exemplified as a gas burner 82 placed beneath the vapor shell.
  • the burner is lighted by automatic control means hereinafter described in detail and a valve 84 is closed in a valve chamber 86 interposed be- 100 'the atmosphere.
  • the burner begins to vaporize the liquid in the chamber 70, the pressure of the vapor forces the remaining liquid up through the conduit 80 filling the condensing chamber 74 and reducing the level of the liquid in the chamber 70 to a point which may be below the generator-absorber 58 and is exemplifiedby the level 88.
  • the liquid continues to be vaporized by the burner and condensed on the'generator-absorber 58 giving upits latent heat and causing the absorbent to evolve its refrigerant.
  • the vapor condenser may be cooled by any suitable circulating mediumsuch as water which preferably flows continuously through a coil 90.
  • any suitable circulating medium such as water which preferably flows continuously through a coil 90.
  • the burner is turned off and the valve 84 in the vapor conduit is opened. This permits the vapor in the vapor shell to pass into the vapor condenser and the liquid in the condenser to flow down into the container 70, again submerging the generatorabsorber to the level 72.
  • the hot generatorabsorber vaporizes the liquid, the vapor flowing up through the conduit 7 6 to be condensed again. This vaporization and condensation of the circulating liquid cools the generatorabsorber to withdraw and absorb the refrigerant from the evaporator 52.
  • the invention contemplates suitable automatic control devices for cyclically heatingthe cooling water circulates continuously through both-the refrigerant condenser and the .vapor condenser since at any instant one of the other of the condensers must be cooled, and since the circulation of water through either condenser does no harm when that condenser is not functioning as such.
  • Water may enter the system at the refrigerant condenser cooling coil 62 and flow by a. conduit 92 to the vapor condenser cooling coil 90.
  • a jet or entrainment pump is placed in the water conduit 92.
  • This pump includes a chamber 94 having a restriction or throat 96 into which a jet of water is discharged from an orifice 97.
  • a suction conduit system 98 Connected to the chamber 94 is a suction conduit system 98 in which a vacuum is maintained by the jet pump.
  • an expansible chamber motor 100 Connected to the conduit 98a is an expansible chamber motor 100 which is preferably formed of a bellows, the
  • the bellows may be expanded by a spring 102 when the pressureiii'n theconduit 98 is not reduced, and may be collapsed by atmospheric pressure when a vacuum exists in the conduit.
  • the end of the bellows is attached by a pin and slot connection to a lever 104 provided with a fork 106 which-is pivotedat 108. Between the forks a portion 110 of the lever extends within the casing 86 for opening the valve 84, the lever being sealed to the casing by a flexible connection formed by a packingbellows 112 placed within the fork 106 and surrounding the portion .110 and sealed thereto.
  • the pivots 108 of the forked lever 104 are mounted on a second forked lever 114,.pivoted at 116 and also surrounding the packing bellows 112. which may expand and contract with changes of pressure in the valve casing 86.
  • the fork 114 may move up and down about the pivot 116and is urged against a stop 118 by a spring 120.
  • the fork 114 has an arm 121 extending to the left of the pivot through which freely passes a valve stem 122 carrying a vacuum-breaking valve 124 which may co-operate with a seat 126 to close the vacuum conduit system from the atmosphere.
  • the valve may be closed by downward movement of the arm 121 when the packing bellows collapses due to low pressure in the valve casing 86.
  • the valve may be opened by upward movement of the arm 121 when the packing bellows expands due to high pressure.
  • a light spring 128 is interposed beween the arm 121' and the valve stem to raise the valve away from its seat once it has been opened.
  • the gas burner 82 is controlled by a gas valve 130 attached to a bellows 132, similar to the bellows 100, which is also connected to the vacuum conduit system 98 and is collapsed to open the gas valve when the vacuum is produced and is expanded to close the gas valve when the vacuum is broken.
  • the burner is lighted when the valve is open from a constantly burning pilot 134.
  • the vacuum conduit system includes a high temperature safety conduit 136,-the end of which is normally closed by afusible plug disposed in a well in the vapor shell 7 O. This is for the purpose of breaking the vacuum to shut off the burner in case of an excessively high temperature in the vapor shell.
  • a valve casing 142 containing a throttle valve 144 is interposed in the conduit 92. This valve is actuated by a lever 146 pivoted at a stationary point 148, sealed to the casing by a packing bellows 1 50 and urged counterclockwise by the spring 152 which serves to open the valve. The maximum'opening of the valve is determined by an adjustable stop 154.
  • the lever 146 is rotated clockwiseto throttle the water in response to the temperature of the evaporator by means of a bellows 156 which is connected to the conduit 64 by a conduit 158.
  • the pressure of the-evaporator and consequently the pressure in the bellows 156 is a function of the temperature of the evaporator. Consequently when the evaporator has been reduced to the desired temperature the bellows 156 collapses to throttle the supply of cooling water which slows down the refrigeration rate to that required to maintain the desired temperature. If refrigeration at a greater rate is demanded the evaporator tends to become warm and its pressure is increased permitting the bellows 156 to expand somewhat and permitting the valve to open to produce absorption at a increased rate.
  • the throttle valve operates in the jet orifice 97, and is provided with a cylindrical jet-directing member 157 which projects thru the orifice and directs the jet of water into the throat 96.
  • the temperature at which the cabinet will be maintained can be adjusted by regulating the temperature at which the valve 144 will be actuated and the amount of movement of this valve. This can be accomplished by adjusting the tension of thespring 152, but.
  • the jet pump Since the vacuum conduit system 98 is normally closed to the atmosphere when the pressure responsive devices 100 and 132 areto be actuated, the jet pump will soon exhaust the system of'air. When this condition occurs there is practically no air entrained by the jet and the surface of the jet becomes very smooth. Difiiculty is experienced in keeping a perfectly smooth jet continuouslyin contact with the wall of the throat 96 because the jet may be so attenuated, or may become so small due to low water pressure that it may not fill the orifice or throat. Also the jet may be deflected by minute particles of foreign matter or by the misalignment of the valve 144, or the water pressure may drop to a value which makes it difficult to keep the throat filled. In any of these contingencies air may leak back through the throat 96 and destroy the vacuum in the conduit system 98.
  • the air may be introduced into the water stream before it reaches the j at pump as by aerating the water supply, but for the sake of simplicity I prefer to admit air directly to the chamber 94 around the jet. This may be accomplished by a check valve having a restricted opening 166 which may admit air to the vacuum conduit system, and hence eventually to the chamber 94, by means of the conduit 168, the orifice 166 being normally closed by a valve 17 O which is loaded to the extent necessary to maintain the valve closed until the desired low pressure is attained.
  • the loading may be accomplished by a spring or any other suitable loading device.
  • the valve is a heavy weight the end of which.is formed into the valve proper.
  • the valve is pointed to provide a pro jection which extends thru the opening 166 when the valve is closed for the purpose of removing any dust which may accumulate in theopening.
  • the burner 82 is turned off the valve 170 will drop and its point will assure that the opening 166 is clean.
  • valve 170 has an additional advantage that the degree of vacuum maintained in the vacuum conduit system is just suflicient to insure operation of-the bellows.
  • the size of the opening 166 and the weight of the valve 170 are so proportioned that air can not be admitted to the system fast enough to increase the pressure above that required to collapse the bellows, but on the other hand it prevents the production of an extremely high vacuum which might place an unnecessary strain on the bellows.
  • valve 170 Any further reduction in pressure in the vacuum conduit system opens the valve 170 which prevents the production of'low pressures and insures the maintenance of the bellows 100 and 132 in collapsed condition by supplying just suflicient air to the pump chamber 94 to keep the ct sufficiently turbulent to maintain the vacuum sealed.
  • the liquid in the generator-absorber chamber 7 now stands at the level 72 but a small quantity of this liquid is soon vaporized and the remaining liquid forced thru the liquid conduit 80 into the condenser 74 where it remains inert.
  • thespring 128 lifts the valve from its seat in order that subsequent contraction ofthe bellows will not immediately seat valve 124 but will permit it to remain open until a predetermined low pressure in the vapor circuit has been reached, this condition representing a predetermined low temperature of the generator-absorber.
  • Apparatus of the character described comprising a normally closed pressure responsive actuator, means for reducing the pressure within the actuator including an orifice and means for discharging a jet of liquid into the orifice, and means for insuring continuous contact between the jet and a wall of the orifice including means responsive to a predetermined low pressure within the, actuator for admitting gas to contact with the jet.
  • Apparatus of the character described comprising a normally closed actuator responsive to a predetermined low pressure for moving a controldevice, means for reducing the pressure in the ,actuator'to a predetermined degree including an orifice and means for discharging a jet of liquid into the orifice and meansfor insuring continuous contact between the jet and the wall of the orifice including means responsive to pressures in the actuator below said predetermined pressure for bringing a gas into contact with the liquid jet.
  • Apparatus of the character described comprising a normally closed actuator responsive to a predetermined low pressure, means for reducing the pressure within the actuator including an orificeand means for discharging a jet of liquid into the orifice, and means for insuring continuous contact between the jet and a wall of the orifice including a valve responsive to a pressure below said predetermined pressure in the actuator for admitting air to the jet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
US396230A 1929-09-13 1929-09-30 Refrigerating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1866373A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US396230A US1866373A (en) 1929-09-13 1929-09-30 Refrigerating apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US545353XA 1929-09-13 1929-09-13
US396230A US1866373A (en) 1929-09-13 1929-09-30 Refrigerating apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1866373A true US1866373A (en) 1932-07-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US396230A Expired - Lifetime US1866373A (en) 1929-09-13 1929-09-30 Refrigerating apparatus

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US1866373A (da)
DE (1) DE545353C (da)
FR (1) FR696547A (da)
GB (1) GB353945A (da)
NL (1) NL29468C (da)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB353945A (en) 1931-07-29
FR696547A (fr) 1930-12-31
DE545353C (de) 1932-03-03
NL29468C (da) 1933-04-15

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