US186324A - Improvement in ring spinning-frames - Google Patents

Description

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G. DRAPER. RING'SPINNING-FRAME PNL 5 24 V Patented' Jam-16, 1877. i 22 .2.

N, PETERS. FHOTO-UTHDGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D

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Patented Ja.n. .16, 1877.

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G DRAPER RING SPINNINGX-FRAME.

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'TER ERW ivrrnn STATES PATENT Orricn.

GEORGE DRAI-ER, or HOPEDALE, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN me SPlNhll'NG-FR AM ES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. l S6,324,dated January 16, 1877; application filed September 22, 1876.

CASE B.

loall whom it may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE DRAPER, of Hope'dale, in the county of -Worce'ster and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Ring Spinning-Frames, of which the following is a specification:

This invention relates to improvements in spinning-machinery, and specially to the class of ring spinning and twisting frames.

In ring-spinning the term drafton the yarn is employed to designate the strain put on'the yarn in passing from the deliveringrollers under the traveler and to the spindle orbobbin, this draft varying according to the angle formed in the yarn when passing from the traveler to the spindle or bobbin. This draft is greatest when the yarn is wound directly upon the spindle or empty bobbin, and decreases as the spindle or bobbin becomes filled, and the angle in the yarn at the traveler is, consequently, decreased.

[To produce yarnperfectly'even as to size and strength, each inch of yarn delivered by the delivering-rollers should have the same amount of draft, and the same number of twists per inch, and this would be the case if the surface on which theyarn was wound did not vary in size. i

ln ordinary spinning-frames, when the bobbin empty, and the drag on the yarn is sufficient to stretch it below its proper size in passing from the deliveringrollers to the bobbin, then the stretched yarn (the spindle and rollers moving at a uniform continuous speed from the commencement to the completion of the filling operation of the bobbin) receives less twist per inch than it should, and besides being smaller is less strong in proportion to to its size, because fine yarn, to make it proportionally strong, requires more twist per inch than does coarse yarn. As the bobbin is filled and increases in size the drag is.con-

, stantly decreased, and the yarn'is larger or coarser, and has more twists per inch than.

that first wound on the bobbin, and for want of draft is liable to become kinked. This variation. in draft upon the yarn results, in the production of yarn uneven as "to size and strength. i l i In practice, and owing tothis draft, the

yarn, as it is first wound on the bobbin, is liable to break or draw down, thereby wasting time and stock, and lessening 'thequantity and injuring the quality of the yarn produced. i g

The yarn first produced is fine, slack twisted, and tender; but as the bobbin increases in size, and the draft decreases, the yarn becomes coarse and has too much twist. This difference in the drag produces bad effects in spinning, and is felt in all the subsequentop erations of-spooling, Warping, dressing, and weaving. a p

I have heretofore attempted to overcome this difficulty arising from this unequal draft, and Letters Patent No. 27,434 were granted to me for this purpose. In that patent, to which reference may be-had, the spindles and delivering-rollers were always run at a uniform and equalspeed, and the motion of the back rollers of the set of drawing-rollers was 'decreased in' speed as the bobbins increased in size, this decrease in speed permitting the front rollers to draw out or stretchthe roving or yarn then operated upon suffioiently to make it correspond in size with the yarn stretched by the'drag or draft, the drag and decreasing speed of the back rollers together acting to make the yarn of substantially uniform size from the commencement to the completion of thefull bobbin.

This change of speed of the back rollers in such patentwas effected as the bobbins increased in. size through an arrangement of belts andgcaring connected with the drawing-rollers, and when the bobbins were doifed and the traverse motion was turned back prior to commencing the winding'of another set of bobbins, this variable-speed mechanism for the back rollers had also to beset back'by hand. If

this last operation was neglected by carelessness of the spinner, the yarn on the new set of bobbins would be too small, for the yarn would be drawn too much by the rollers, and the drag would further attenuate it.

In another invention the speed of all the rollers was increased as the bobbins were filled, the spindles moving at a uniform speed, and, consequently, the twist was decreased.

The failure in these earlier cases to provide m'eans effectual to prevent the starting of the frame without securing the proper draft 'between the rolls, or their proper slow speed when starting the empty bobbins, compared with what it was before the frame was doffed, hindered the general introduction of such in ventions.

This invention relates to mechanism which automatically provides for changing the speed of the front rolls, back rolls, and spindles relatively to each other, so that the draft between v the front and back rolls is varied, and the twist per inch of sliver delivered increased or decreased, for the purpose of equalizing the size and twist of the yarn wound upon the bobbin at different stages; also,"to the combination, with the drawingu-oller s, the spindles, and a traverse mechanism, of a speedchanging mechanism, applied to the front rolls of the set of drawing-rollers, and connected with the traverse mechanism, so as to increase the motion of the front rolls as the bobbins increase in size, and to be reset to the initial position, or position of slow speed, through the action of the traverse mechanism when it is turned back vprior to the commencement of a new set of bobbins, substantially as described.

The gist of this present invention, therefore, consists in such a combination of the spindles and back and front rollers as will permit the relative speeds of the front and back rollers and spindles to be automatically varied, so as to regulate both the draft on the roving and the twist in the yarn.

Figure 1 represents, in top view, one-half of a ring spinning-frame provided with my improvements; Fig. 2, a front view of that end of the frame at which the traverse mechanism is located, the view also showing the gearing I by which the drawing-rolls are moved; Fig. 3, a detail of driving-pulleys for the drawingrolls; Fig. 4, a verticalsection of part of the tal section of part of the frame on linesy y, Fig. Figs. 6 and 8 represent details of traverse mechanism, to be hereafter described; Fig.7, an end view, and Fig. 9 is a modification of speed-changing mechanism, and Fig. 10 a modification of belt-shifting devices.

It has been considered unnecessary to-show in the drawing but one side of the spinningframe, it being understood that the other side i is like it as to the spindles, drawing-rollers, &c. When the speed of the back roller is decreasedas the bobbins are filled, the size of the yarn is governed by drawing the roving more as the bobbins are'filled, tocorrespond substantially with the yarn drawn by the action of the drag when the bobbins were started, but in such an arrangement the twist is not at all altered or affected, for the front rollers deliver substantially the same amount of yarn at each revolution. When the front rollers are increased as to their speed, as the bobbins are filled, the roving is drawn out more, as was the'case when the speed of the back rollers was decreased, but, in addition to this regulation of size of roving, the'front rollers are enabled to deliver a greater length of yarn as the bobbins increase 111 size, and the twist is regulated, giving the yarn a more uniform number of twists per inch, from the commencement of the empty to the completion of the full bobbin, than can be done by moving the back roller alone slower. twist as well as size of yarn is of great importance, and this invention is an improvement on the invention described in another application, case A, filed concurrently with this, in the fact that the twist is also regulated, the increased speed of the front rolls feeding out more yarn to receive the excess of twist gained by the increasing size of the bobbin. The number of turns of twistper inch in a given length-of yarn delivered from the rolls, is equal to the number of revolutions of the spindle divided by the length of the yarn in inches, less the number of times the yarn was wound about the spindle or bobbin in' the same length of time consequently more twist is lost when the bobbins are being commenced, or are small, than when they are larger, and to secure even twist a less amount of yarn in length should be delivered to the :yarn is subjected to a greater strain both in spinning and spooling. By this invention the yarn may be made stronger on the barrel of ;the bobbin than on the full bobbin, and I am 1 therefore enabled to provide for and prepare the yarn for the strain to which it is to be subjected in after processes. frame on linesm m, Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a horizonnary or suitable construction, and is provided, as usual, with back rollers 11, intermediate The frame a of the machine is of any ordirollers c, and front rollers d, constituting the set of drawing-rollers, with spindles e, bolsterrail f, ring-rail g, rings h, and travelers h, guide-wires i, lifting-rods i, and levers j for movingthem, and spindle-driving drum is, all of usual construction.

In this plan of my invention the back roll- .ers b and spindles run at a uniform speed with relation toeach other from the commencement to the completion of the full bobbin, but the front roller has its speed increased to deliver a greater length of roving to the-spindles as the bobbins increase in size. The front roll, in this instance, is shown as deriving its motion from pulleys 1 and 2 on the shaft 4 of the spindle-drum It. (See Fig. land detail, Fig.3, wherein the shaft and pulleys l 2 3 are broken away from the left of Fig. 2.) These pulleys 1 and 2 are shown This regulation of sustained in a bearing, 7.

as connected by a band ,as=at Z, Fig; 7, with double pulleys 5 6 (or-equivalent cone-pulleys to vary speed) on a shaft, n,provided with a toothed wheel, 0, the latter'en gagin g a toothed wheel, p, on the shaft qiof the delivery or front rollers cl. The pulley 3 for operating the back rollers is connected, in this instance, by a band, as, with a pulley, m, on a shaft, r, This shaft has a bevel-pinion, s, that engages a bevel-pinion, t,

on' ashaft, u, having a worm, c, that engages a worm-gear, w, on the lower shaft of the back rollers 12. A pinion, 8, on the opposite end of the back-roller shaft, engages an idlepinion,9, and it, in turn, engages. the =pinion isyet small, the belt I connects the smallest pulley 1 and the largest pulley 5, thespeed ofthe front rollers d then being the slowest but when the speed is to be changed and the front rollers are: to be runfasterto permit the roving to be drawn out and delivered faster, as before described, then the belt is shifted from pulleys l and 5to pulleys-2 and fi.

The belt I may be shifted by any usual belt-shippingmechanism. The belt-shipping mechanism shown in: the drawing, in this instance, consists of a fork, 11, carried by: a bar, 12, connected with a lever, 13, (shown in dottedlines, Fig. 1,) the lever 13 beingconnected with a vertical. lever, 14, controlled, as to its time of motion for shipping the belt, by means of connecting mechanism, connecting the variable-speed mechanism with the traverse mechanism, one form of such connecting mechanism being hereafter described.

The lever 15 of the traverse mechanism, its rack 16, rack-moving screw 17, and pin 18, are of usual construction; and this lever is connected with and operates the lifting-rail through chains and levers, in a manner well understood. The cam 19, which may be of any usual configuration, acts upon the pin 18 to move the lever 15. The shaft 20, carrying this cam 19, has upon it a toothed wheel, 21, engaged and moved by a bevel-pinion, 22, provided at its other end with a worm-gear, 60, operated by the worm 23 on the shaft of the cone-pulley 24 connected with cone-pulley 25 by a belt, 26, (shown in dotted lines,) and controlled by a beltshifter, 30, on screw 31,

provided with a ratchet-wheel, 32, which may be moved as desired, to move the screw and shift the belt through a pawl, 33. The main cone-pulley 25 derives its motion from the driver of the front roller shaft through a belt, i

', that extends over th'epulley 3L and over the pulley 37 on shaft 'n. The cam 19 lifts the lifting-rail toldistribute theyarn helically upon the surface of the bobbin. 1 i

.Gones are shown as employed to drive the traverse, and for the reasons that they permit the speed of the traverse to be changed to accord with difi'erent numbers of yarn, and

they enable the traverse to be driven at dif- I spinners.

The cone-pulleys may bemoved when it is desired tochangethe motion of the liftingrail'with relation to the fixed speed ofrotation of thespindles, by throwing the pawl into operation, the normal position of pawl 33' being out of engagement: with the ratchet, when the speed is not being changed. The pawl 33 (shown in the drawing,) can operate the ratchet and belt in but one direction; but

it is evident that another ratchet, with reverse teeth, and operated by another pawl, might be added, andthen the belt might be shifted automatically at will in either direc tion. i 'Afterthe completion of each set of bobbins they are doffed, or removed from the spindles,and before a new set of bobbins can be properly commenced, the screw-shaft 17 must be turned back, a suitable key fitted to the end 38 being employed, thereby moving the rack 16 toward the outer end of the lever 15, increasing the length of such lever sufficiently to move the ring-rail far enough to properly commence the new bobbins.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, we may assume that the bobbins have been filled, and that the rack of the traverse is being moved out in the direction of the arrow preparatory to commencing a new set of bobbins.

Now, when the cam 39 reaches the lever 14 of the speed-changing devices it will move such lever on its fulcrum 40 in the direction of arrow 2, Fig. 2. This lever 14, when moved out by the cam, is locked or held out by a lock composed of a pin, 45, on a rod, 46, fitted to a block, 47, connected with the lever 15, the front end of the rod being beveled, as at.

49, and a spring, 48, pressing it forward. This movement of the lever by the cam on the rack, the latter forming part of thetraverse mechanism, moves the belt-shipping mechanism of the speed-varying mechanism for the front rollers, so as to place the belt. connected with the front rollers on that pair of, or such portions of, the pulleys over which it runs, as to run the pulleys and front rolls at their slowest speedfor the commencement of new bobbins.

As the bobbins increase in size and .the

The conesare useful for other purposes, which will be apparent to rack 16 is moved toward the fulcrum 41 of lever 15 through the ratchet 42 and pawl 43, a pin, 44, on the rack, and, preferably, made adjustable, meets the inclined end 49 of the rod 46, and crowds it back, thereby removing the pin 45 from behind the lever, when a suitable spring, represented at 50, and shown as connected, in this instance, with the lever 13, (but a spring may be connected with any other portion of the-shipping mechanism equally as well,) moves the fork to shift the belt into position for increasing the speed of the front rollers, for the purpose before explained.

By this arrangement it will be observed that the traverse mechanism cannot be turned back or reset for the commencement of new bobbins without also properly changing the variable-speed mechanism for the front rollers, and placing such mechanism in its correct initial position of slow speed, for the commencement of new bobbins.

The pin 44 may be connected with a small block 51, fitted in a groove in the rack-bar, (see Fig. 8,) and the block and pin may be held in adjusted position by a set-screw, 52, screwed into the block.

The specification, so far, describes one plan of, and shows means for, forming the connection between the traverse mechanism and the speeding varying or changing mechanism. The cam 39 and the pin 44 on the rack, in connection with the lock, constitute, in this instance, the connecting mechanism between the traverse and speed-changing devices.

The upright lever of the speedvarying mechanism is, in this instance, acted upon by projections upon the rack-bar or movable part of the traverse-lever, that regulates the operative length of the traverse, and the dis tance through which the ring-rail moves.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the mechanic art, that many difi'erent forms of mechanical devices may be devised to positively operate belt-shiftin g or speed-changing devices through some of the moving parts of the traverse mechanism, whereby the speedchanging mechanism may be changed while the bobbins are being filled, and then be rechanged or reset to the speed necessary to properly commence a new set of bobbins, this change last mentioned being governed bythe traverse as it is turned back, or before commencing a new set of bobbins.

Instead of the cam and pin, and look, I may connect the traverse-rack, through links and elbow-levers, with devices for changing speed 'at the proper time, or I may make the connection with such devices through the cam 19. Instead of employing the particular traverselever and rack shown, I may employ any other other well-known form of traverse, wherein there exists the necessity of turning or resetting a portion thereof after doffing the full bobbins, or before commencing a new set of bobbins. T

is changedin this instance, is increased 3 but when the bobbins are filled, then the rolls must again run at the initial speed for new bobbins. This change is made dependent upon the resetting of the traverse; but I do not limit myself to the exact construction of devices described for producing these changes,

as I expressly intend to use other mechanical devices to operate automatically in an equivalent manner.

The details of the shipping devices may be varied without departing from this invention. Instead of the pulleys 1 2 5 6, I may use any form of expanding or cone-pulleys, usually employed to secure change of speed.

The term traverse is intended to cover and include any usual or proper deviceto impart to the lifting or ring-rail itsusual motion.

As shown in' the drawing, the connection with the belt-shipping or speed-changing devices is made through the lever 15, and the device carried by it, and changed in position to control or insure the, varying movement of the ring-rail, whereby the yarn is laid in proper position on the bobbin with relation to its ends. The speed-changing mechanism, in this instance of my invention, includes pulleys of different sizes, and belt-shifting mechanism, aconnected portion of which extends to the traverse-rack, or equivalent device, changed the yarneven and uniform, depending upon reducing the size of the roving, and delivering the roving faster, the speed of the delivering-rollers being also increased to regu- I late the twist.

- In another application filed contemporaneously with this, I provide for varying the speed of the back rolls, the twist in the yarn in such case being unaffected.

In another application I provide for con- 'necting the front and back rollers positively,

by gearing, and run the front rollers faster, or the back rolls slower, or change the speed of all the rolls between the empty and full bobbins. Instead of the cones for changing the-speed of the traverse, I may use any other well-known devices for making change of speed, as expanding-pulleys. Theback rollers, instead of being drivenby a belt, may be driven from the drum-shaft by anyusual.

gearing. i

I have described that I the speed-changing mechanism, acting through the traverse and its connections, changes the speedof the but it is expressly understood that this inven-' tion is not limited to this exact period of time at which the speed is changed after the traverse is turned back. This change of speed should be made before or as the yarn is applied to the bobbins or spindles; but it is apparent that. the change might be made at some time immediately after the commencement of the new bobbins instead of before they were commenced.

When the traverse operates to lift the ringrail for the :filling-wind, the rack-bar is replaced by a wheel on which the lifting-rod chain is wound, thereby changing the extremes of motion of the ring-rail. The traverse shown in the drawing, in this instance,

a is for the warp-wind.

In this instance of my invention, as so far particularly described, the front rolls, reset to their initial position by turning back the traverse, regulate the twist, and draw the yarn more, while the back rolls run at a uniform speed. I prefer this plan of moving the front rolls faster,leavingthe back rolls and spindles running as usual, to the plan of increasing the speed of all the rolls; but in some instances I may connect the front roll- 1 ers with the back rollers by the ordinary gearing common to ring spinning or drawing frames, thereby causing all the rollers to increase or decrease their speed together, and in such modification the shaft u, (herein described,) to drive the back rolls, would be omitted.

This plan of varying the speed of the front rollers relatively to the speed of the back rollers and spindles orbobbins, while the bobbins are being filled, is a very important part of this invention; and it is obvious that the invention maybe carried out by various forms of mechanical devices.

I have shown belts 1:20 extended from the pulleys of the drum-shaft to drive the rollers at one side of the frame. In practice, and when rollers are to be driven at each side the frame, these belts will also pass about the pulleys for the other rollers in any usual manner.

In Fig. 9 I show a modified form of differential or variable speed-gear, to be applied to the frame to change the speed of the front rollers with reference to the spindles and back rollers. In such figure the pulley3 takes the place of the pulleys 5 6. (Shownin Fig.1.)

.This pulley is fixedto shaft 75, provided with a pinion, 76, to engage a pinion, 77, on theshaft of the back roller b, andWith a bev- 'el-pinion, 78, of the differential gear or compound motion, so called.

The back and intermediate rollers receive their motion from; the pulley 3, shaft 75, and

pinion .76 andin this instance they move at the same speed with relation to the movement of the spindles.

The shaft of the front roller d is provided with a pinion, 79, that is engaged and moved by a pinion, 80, attached to the hub of the bevel gear 81 loose on the quill 82.- This quill 82 is provided with a fixed pulley, 83, having a cone-surface, 84, over which is passed a belt corresponding with the belt I, but connected, in this instance, with a cone-pulley placed on an extended portion of the shaft that carries the cone 25 of the traverse-driving devices. (See dotted lines,Fig. 5.)

The bevel-gear 81 and pinion 80, for operat' ing the front rollers, derive motion from the shaft 75, and bevel-gears 78, 8.), and 86. The amount of motion imparted to the front rollers, as compared with the back rollers, depends upon the excess of the speed of the bevel-gear 78 as compared with the speed of the gear 81, the speed of the latter being variable through the pulley 83, 84, and quill 82, and bevel- gears 85, 86, their speed being increased or diminished by shifting the belt on the cam 84. This increase of speed may be made to take place gradually, between the commencementand completion of the full bobbin, by connecting the traverse-rack positively with a vertical lever, 88, the lever having at its lower end a slot to engage a pin in the traverse. The upper end of this lever would be connectedwith an elbow-lever, 89, arranged to be moved in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis, the other end of the elbow-lever being slotted to engage a pin on the belt-shifting rod 12, provided with the shipping-fork 11, this detail being shown in Fig. 10.

' I claim- 1. The combination, with the back rollers and spindles, adapted to be run at uniform relative speeds, as described, of front or deliver- .ing rollers, adapted to be varied, independently and automatically, in speed relatively to the speed of the back rollers and spindles, while the bobbins are being filled, substantially'as and for the purpose setforth,

2. The combination, with the drawing-rollers, spindles, and traverse mechanism, of speedchanging mechanism applied to the front rolls of the set of drawing-rollers, and adapted to be connected with, and operated through, the traverse mechanism, to effect the increase of the motion of the front rolls while the bobbins are being filled, and to reset the speed-changing mechanism to its initial position when the traverse is turned back, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The traverse-lever, its screw, and varia ble device, to govern the extent orextremes of In testimony whereof I have signed my motion of the ring-rail, in combination with a name to this specification in the presence of lever or member of the speed-changing meehtwo subscribing witnesses.

anism, and with means to automatically operate such lever to change the speed of the front GEORGE DRAPER. rolls to their initial speed, preparatory to comv mencing a new set of bobbins, through the Witnesses:

movement of the variable device that governs G. W. GREGORY,

the throw of the ring-rail, substantially as de- 'W. J. PRATT.

scribed.

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