US185998A - Improvement in processes for leaching coal-ashes - Google Patents
Improvement in processes for leaching coal-ashes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US185998A US185998A US185998DA US185998A US 185998 A US185998 A US 185998A US 185998D A US185998D A US 185998DA US 185998 A US185998 A US 185998A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ashes
- coal
- salts
- improvement
- processes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 72
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940092738 beeswax Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical class [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
Definitions
- the object of my invention is, first, to produce a superior article of alkaline compound, and one which can be handled in packages much better than caustic soda of commerce, and also to produce the same-at a less cost, which cheapness is due in part to the process employed, and partly to the characteristic qualities of the compound.
- My invention consists in the process of compounding or combining certain salts of coal-ashes with either caustic soda or with caustic potassa,
- the first step in my process of making the alkaline compound is to extract certain salts from coal-ashes.
- the following is the preferred plan: I take coal-ashes (those obtained 1 from the Kanawha or splint coal preferred) and put themin a 1each-tub, the same as in extracting lye from wood-ashes. Boiling-hot water containing about one per cent. of caustic soda in solution is poured in and filtered through the leach.
- lime water or the milk of lime may be added to solution of salts extracted from the coal ashes.
- the amount of lime-water or lime used will depend upon the amount of sulphur or sulphates combined with the salts to be utilized.
- These salts composing the alkali are salts of silicate of aluminium and of potassa or soda, and using ashes from Kanawha coal, I use from two to five per cent. So, also, any deleterious ingredient other than sulphur can be removed in like manner by mixing, either with the ashes or with the soluble salts obtained, the
- the proportion of lime, coal-ashes, and water is usually as follows: Goal-ashes, (Kauawha,) two to three bushels; lime, from one to five per cent., depending on the amount of sulphur and carbonates; caustic soda, about one and a half pound; boiling-hot water, sixteen gallons.
- Goal-ashes (Kauawha,) two to three bushels; lime, from one to five per cent., depending on the amount of sulphur and carbonates; caustic soda, about one and a half pound; boiling-hot water, sixteen gallons.
- the proportion may be varied, greatly depending on circumstances.
- the specific gravity of the soluble salts obtained will be about 2% Baum. Weaker lye may be used but it takes a longer time to evaporate the water in the second step of the process.
- the second part of my process consists in combining the salts or lye extracted from the coal-ashes with either caustic soda or caustic potassa, depending on they character of the use for which the product is intended.
- alkaline compound When the alkaline compound is intended for use in making hard soap, caustic soda is used; and when for soft soap, caustic potassa is used, or different proportions of the two may be combined, according to circumstances, depending somewhat upon the proportion of the ingredients held in aqueous solution of salts.
- the product can be molded into cakes of any desired size, which are, as soon as hardened, placed in tin boxes; or wooden boxes may be used when made impervious to moisture by coating the inside with bees-wax, asphaltum, or paraffine, &c., (these boxes should be securely sealed or the cakes can be placed in grease and secured from atmospheric influence in any desired form.
- the alkaline compound may be poured hot into tin boxes, which are then sealed or soldered.
- caustic potassa or a combination of caustic potassa and caustic soda is used to produce my alkaline compound, the process of combining them with the salts of coalashes is similar to that of caustic soda.
Description
THEODORE H. WREDE, on'oovlneron, KENTUCKY.
IMPROVE MENT IN PROCESSES FOR LEACHING COAL-ASHES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 185,998, dated January 2, 1877; application filed November 24, 1875.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, THEODORE HENRY WREDE, of Oovington, in the county of Kenton and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Compound of Oaustic Alkali, and in the process of making the same, of which the followingis a specification:
The object of my invention is, first, to produce a superior article of alkaline compound, and one which can be handled in packages much better than caustic soda of commerce, and also to produce the same-at a less cost, which cheapness is due in part to the process employed, and partly to the characteristic qualities of the compound.
My invention consists in the process of compounding or combining certain salts of coal-ashes with either caustic soda or with caustic potassa,
(chemically known as the hydrated protoxide of sodium or of potassium.)
The first step in my process of making the alkaline compound is to extract certain salts from coal-ashes. The following is the preferred plan: I take coal-ashes (those obtained 1 from the Kanawha or splint coal preferred) and put themin a 1each-tub, the same as in extracting lye from wood-ashes. Boiling-hot water containing about one per cent. of caustic soda in solution is poured in and filtered through the leach.
As bituminous-coal ashes usually contain carbonates and sulphur, either in a free or combined state, a little quicklime should be mixed with the ashes, or else lime water or the milk of lime may be added to solution of salts extracted from the coal ashes. The amount of lime-water or lime used will depend upon the amount of sulphur or sulphates combined with the salts to be utilized. These salts composing the alkali are salts of silicate of aluminium and of potassa or soda, and using ashes from Kanawha coal, I use from two to five per cent. So, also, any deleterious ingredient other than sulphur can be removed in like manner by mixing, either with the ashes or with the soluble salts obtained, the
proper ingredient to neutralize such substance 'or render it insoluble.
The proportion of lime, coal-ashes, and water is usually as follows: Goal-ashes, (Kauawha,) two to three bushels; lime, from one to five per cent., depending on the amount of sulphur and carbonates; caustic soda, about one and a half pound; boiling-hot water, sixteen gallons. The proportion may be varied, greatly depending on circumstances.
The specific gravity of the soluble salts obtained will be about 2% Baum. Weaker lye may be used but it takes a longer time to evaporate the water in the second step of the process.
The second part of my process consists in combining the salts or lye extracted from the coal-ashes with either caustic soda or caustic potassa, depending on they character of the use for which the product is intended.
When the alkaline compound is intended for use in making hard soap, caustic soda is used; and when for soft soap, caustic potassa is used, or different proportions of the two may be combined, according to circumstances, depending somewhat upon the proportion of the ingredients held in aqueous solution of salts.
To sixteen gallons of the aqueous solution I add about one hundred pounds of caustic soda, and boil briskly until the mixture is reduced to the desired gravity.
The product can be molded into cakes of any desired size, which are, as soon as hardened, placed in tin boxes; or wooden boxes may be used when made impervious to moisture by coating the inside with bees-wax, asphaltum, or paraffine, &c., (these boxes should be securely sealed or the cakes can be placed in grease and secured from atmospheric influence in any desired form. The alkaline compound may be poured hot into tin boxes, which are then sealed or soldered.
When caustic potassa, or a combination of caustic potassa and caustic soda is used to produce my alkaline compound, the process of combining them with the salts of coalashes is similar to that of caustic soda.
There are many advantages attained by my process :first, itcan be carried on in all seasons of the year; second, it can be made in a much shorter time, and it cools or hardens much more rapidly; third, to prepare alkaline compound, the caustic soda or potassa can be used in large lumps, which donot require to In testimony whermf I- have hereu'ntcxset be broken up, as the salts rapid- 1y combine myh'a'nd thisfithd 'ay of November, 1875.- with the caustics.
Having described myinvention, what I 1 T. HENRY WREDE. claim is- An alkaline compound composed of the z Witnesses: salts of soda combined with the-salts of coal- JOHN OGARA",
ashes, substantially as herein set forth. EDWARD BOYD.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US185998A true US185998A (en) | 1877-01-02 |
Family
ID=2255406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US185998D Expired - Lifetime US185998A (en) | Improvement in processes for leaching coal-ashes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US185998A (en) |
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0
- US US185998D patent/US185998A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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